Factors influencing the detection of antibacterial-resistant Escherichia coli in faecal samples from individual cattle.

Aims: To investigate whether on-farm antibacterial usage (ABU), environmental antibacterial-resistant (ABR) Escherichia coli prevalence, sampling and sample handling methodologies are associated with ABR E. coli positivity in individual faecal samples from dairy heifers.

Methods And Results: Three hundred and sixty-four heifers from 37 farms were sampled via rectal or faecal pat sampling.

Ultrasound mimics the effect of mechanical loading on bone formation in vivo on rat ulnae.

While the effect of ultrasound as an extreme example of low-magnitude high-frequency stimulation has been explored in the response of bone to injury, little is known about its effect on normal bone. This experiment was designed to test the hypothesis that ultrasound exerts a similar influence on bone as mechanical stimulation at a physiological level. Three groups of female Wistar rats were anaesthetised (6 per group).

High-dose estrogen-induced osteogenesis is decreased in aged RUNX2(+/-) mice.

Runx2 is a transcription factor that is not only critical in embryonic skeletal development but also important in regulating osteoblast function in the adult. Heterozygosity of RUNX2 (RUNX2(+/-)) leads to haploinsufficiency and manifests as a condition with distinctive skeletal features in humans and mice. Aged but not young RUNX2(+/-) adult mice may also display reduced intramembranous bone formation.