Advanced Segmentation of Gastrointestinal (GI) Cancer Disease Using a Novel U-MaskNet Model.

The purpose of this research is to contribute to the development of approaches for the classification and segmentation of various gastrointestinal (GI) cancer diseases, such as dyed lifted polyps, dyed resection margins, esophagitis, normal cecum, normal pylorus, normal Z line, polyps, and ulcerative colitis. This research is relevant and essential because of the current challenges related to the absence of efficient diagnostic tools for early diagnostics of GI cancers, which are fundamental for improving the diagnosis of these common diseases. To address the above challenges, we propose a new hybrid segmentation model, U-MaskNet, which is a combination of U-Net and Mask R-CNN models.

Extraction of Spectra in the Shell Model Monte Carlo Method Using Imaginary-Time Correlation Matrices.

Nuclear energy levels are usually calculated using conventional diagonalization methods in the framework of the configuration-interaction (CI) shell model but these methods are prohibited in very large model spaces. The shell model Monte Carlo (SMMC) method is a powerful technique for calculating thermal and ground-state observables of nuclei in very large model spaces, but it is challenging to extract nuclear spectra in this approach. We present a novel method to extract within SMMC low-lying energy levels for given values of a set of good quantum numbers such as spin and parity.

Breast Cancer Detection with Quanvolutional Neural Networks.

Quantum machine learning holds the potential to revolutionize cancer treatment and diagnostic imaging by uncovering complex patterns beyond the reach of classical methods. This study explores the effectiveness of quantum convolutional layers in classifying ultrasound breast images for cancer detection. By encoding classical data into quantum states through angle embedding and employing a robustly entangled 9-qubit circuit design with an SU(4) gate, we developed a Quantum Convolutional Neural Network (QCNN) and compared it to a classical CNN of similar architecture.

Secure Data Aggregation Using Authentication and Authorization for Privacy Preservation in Wireless Sensor Networks.

Existing secure data aggregation protocols are weaker to eliminate data redundancy and protect wireless sensor networks (WSNs). Only some existing approaches have solved this singular issue when aggregating data. However, there is a need for a multi-featured protocol to handle the multiple problems of data aggregation, such as energy efficiency, authentication, authorization, and maintaining the security of the network.

Perceptions of Community Corrections and Treatment Experience: A Qualitative Study Among People With Incarceration Histories Receiving Outpatient Methadone Treatment.

Background: Community correctional experiences among individuals receiving methadone treatment (MT) for opioid use disorder (OUD) are poorly understood. We qualitatively investigated perceptions of community corrections and treatment experiences among individuals with criminal-legal system experience currently receiving outpatient MT.

Methods: From January to December 2017, we recruited 42 individuals with history of criminal-legal system involvement enrolled in outpatient MT at a low-barrier nonprofit organization operating multiple clinics in Connecticut.

The need for cannabis education in dental hygiene programs.

Purpose/objective: Cannabis and the endocannabinoid system (ESC) are rarely included in training programs for healthcare providers. Knowledge within the medical and dental health professionals is lacking regarding the treatment of patients using medical or recreational cannabis. Patients are unaware of the risks associated with cannabis use, and healthcare providers should be prepared to assess, educate, and treat the patients who use cannabis.

Histogram-based features track Alzheimer's progression in brain MRI.

Alzheimer's disease is a form of general dementia marked by amyloid plaques, neurofibrillary tangles, and neuron degeneration. The disease has no cure, and early detection is critical in improving patient outcomes. Magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) is important in measuring neurodegeneration during the disease.

A Comprehensive Review of Computer-Aided Models for Breast Cancer Diagnosis Using Histopathology Images.

Breast cancer is the second most common cancer in women who are mainly middle-aged and older. The American Cancer Society reported that the average risk of developing breast cancer sometime in their life is about 13%, and this incident rate has increased by 0.5% per year in recent years.

In-Wheel Motor Control System for Four-Wheel Drive Electric Vehicle Based on CR-GWO-PID Control.

In order to improve the driving performance of four-wheel drive electric vehicles and realize precise control of their speed, a Chaotic Random Grey Wolf Optimization-based PID in-wheel motor control algorithm is proposed in this paper. Based on an analysis of the structural principles of electric vehicles, mathematical and simulation models for the whole vehicle are established. In order to improve the control performance of the hub motor, the traditional Grey Wolf Optimization algorithm is improved.

Correlates of Perceived Discrimination Related to Substance Use Disorders Among Patients in Methadone Maintenance Treatment.

This study sought to examine demographic, treatment-related, and diagnosis-related correlates of substance use disorder (SUD)-related perceived discrimination among patients receiving methadone maintenance treatment (MMT). Participants were 164 patients at nonprofit, low-barrier-to-treatment-access MMT programs. Participants completed measures of demographics, diagnosis-related characteristics (Brief Symptom Inventory (BSI-18) and Depressive Experiences Questionnaire (DEQ)), and treatment-related characteristics.

Deep Learning- and Expert Knowledge-Based Feature Extraction and Performance Evaluation in Breast Histopathology Images.

Cancer develops when a single or a group of cells grows and spreads uncontrollably. Histopathology images are used in cancer diagnosis since they show tissue and cell structures under a microscope. Knowledge-based and deep learning-based computer-aided detection is an ongoing research field in cancer diagnosis using histopathology images.

Advances in Structural Modifications and Properties of Graphene Quantum Dots for Biomedical Applications.

Graphene quantum dots (GQDs) are carbon-based, zero-dimensional nanomaterials and unique due to their astonishing optical, electronic, chemical, and biological properties. Chemical, photochemical, and biochemical properties of GQDs are intensely being explored for bioimaging, biosensing, and drug delivery. The synthesis of GQDs by top-down and bottom-up approaches, their chemical functionalization, bandgap engineering, and biomedical applications are reviewed here.

The impact of body image dissatisfaction on psychological distress and health-related quality of life among patients in methadone treatment.

Background And Objectives: Minimal research has examined body image dissatisfaction (BID) among patients receiving methadone maintenance treatment (MMT). We tested associations between BID and MMT quality indicators (psychological distress, mental and physical health-related quality of life [HRQoL]) and whether these associations varied by gender.

Methods: One hundred and sixty-four participants (n = 164) in MMT completed self-report measures of body mass index (BMI), BID, and MMT quality indicators.

Pseudoscientific and Unhealthy Approaches to Gastrointestinal Health and Detoxification in Natural Medicine.

This paper discusses concerns with specific approaches in identifying and eliminating gastrointestinal (GI) pathogens, as well as detoxifying toxic metals, that may be misleading and harmful to a patient's health. These are non-scientific methods that claim to improve GI microbial balance and mineral nutritional status that persist in the nutritional and natural medicine market, and unfortunately many are actively promoted through specific products and protocols marketed by nutritional supplement companies that should know better. The potential toxicity and mucosal damage of the long-term use of aggressive laxative herbs such as Cascara sagrada, rhubarb and/or Senna, as well as potential adverse events from ingredients containing fulvic acids and/or humic acids are discussed.

"Just fighting for my life to stay alive": a qualitative investigation of barriers and facilitators to community re-entry among people with opioid use disorder and incarceration histories.

Background: During the period of community re-entry immediately following release from jail or prison, individuals with opioid use disorder (OUD) face structural barriers to successful re-entry and high risk of overdose. Few published studies investigate experiences in the immediate period (i.e.

Measurement and assessment of grief in a large international sample.

Background: In 2022, the International Classification of Diseases (ICD-11) and an update of the Diagnostic Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders (DSM 5 TR) were released for implementation worldwide and now include the new Prolonged Grief Disorder (PGD). The newest definition of PGD is based on robust clinical research from the Global North yet until now has not been tested for global applicability.

Methods: The current study assesses the new PGD ICD-11 criteria in a large international sample of 1393 bereaved adults.

Computational Investigation of Chirality-Based Separation of Carbon Nanotubes Using Tripeptide Library.

Carbon nanotubes (CNT) have fascinating applications in flexible electronics, biosensors, and energy storage devices, and are classified as metallic or semiconducting based on their chirality. Semiconducting CNTs have been teased as a new material for building blocks in electronic devices, owing to their band gap resembling silicon. However, CNTs must be sorted into metallic and semiconducting for such applications.

Imaging Modalities in Inflammatory Breast Cancer (IBC) Diagnosis: A Computer-Aided Diagnosis System Using Bilateral Mammography Images.

Inflammatory breast cancer (IBC) is an aggressive type of breast cancer. It leads to a significantly shorter survival than other types of breast cancer in the U.S.

Rotaxane nanomachines in future molecular electronics.

As the electronics industry is integrating more and more new molecules to utilize them in logic circuits and memories to achieve ultra-high efficiency and device density, many organic structures emerged as promising candidates either in conjunction with or as an alternative to conventional semiconducting materials such as but not limited to silicon. Owing to rotaxane's mechanically interlocked molecular structure consisting of a dumbbell-shaped molecule threaded through a macrocycle, they could be excellent nanomachines in molecular switches and memory applications. As a nanomachine, the macrocycle of rotaxane can move reversibly between two stations along its axis under external stimuli, resulting in two stable molecular configurations known as "ON" and "OFF" states of the controllable switch with distinct resistance.

High-dimensional normalized data profiles for testing derivative-free optimization algorithms.

This article provides a new tool for examining the efficiency and robustness of derivative-free optimization algorithms based on high-dimensional normalized data profiles that test a variety of performance metrics. Unlike the traditional data profiles that examine a single dimension, the proposed data profiles require several dimensions in order to analyze the relative performance of different optimization solutions. To design a use case, we utilize five sequences (solvers) of trigonometric simplex designs that extract different features of non-isometric reflections, as an example to show how various metrics (dimensions) are essential to provide a comprehensive evaluation about a particular solver relative to others.

A Student Walks into Class … Vignettes to Identify Substance Use Disorder Models of Illness among College Students.

Introduction: Illness models, including illness recognition, perceived severity, and perceived nature can affect treatment-seeking behaviors. Vignettes are a leading approach to examine models of illness but are understudied for substance use disorders (SUDs). We created vignettes for multiple common DSM-5 SUDs and assessed SUD illness models among college students.

High-Efficiency Crystalline Silicon-Based Solar Cells Using Textured TiO Layer and Plasmonic Nanoparticles.

A high-efficiency crystalline silicon-based solar cell in the visible and near-infrared regions is introduced in this paper. A textured TiO layer grown on top of the active silicon layer and a back reflector with gratings are used to enhance the solar cell performance. The given structure is simulated using the finite difference time domain (FDTD) method to determine the solar cell's performance.

Disaster Relief Nurses: Exploring the Impetus to Respond to Multiple Efforts.

Little is known about the impact that disaster volunteerism has on nurses. It is important to hear the experiences of those who return again to better understand the reasons that call them back. Using grounded theory methodology, 20 nurses who responded to more than one disaster event participated in semistructured interviews.