Oxidation kinetics of fats from meat and meat products by isothermal calorimetry.

Lipid oxidation significantly affects the nutritional value and sensory properties of processed meat products. This study aimed to apply isothermal calorimetry to analyze the oxidation kinetics of fats from chicken, pork, lamb and speck at 40 °C in presence of 2,2'-Azobis(2-methylpropionitrile) (AIBN) radical initiator. Isothermal calorimetry allowed for continuous monitoring of the heat flow developed during the oxidation reaction determining key kinetic parameters such as the induction time (τ), rates of inhibited (R) and uninhibited (R) periods, and oxidizability index (O.

Life on the edge: mineral incrustations colonized by fungal communities in the sulfur fumarole on Sierra Negra volcano (Galápagos Archipelago).

Despite the extensive studies on plant and animal endemism in the Galápagos Islands, fungal diversity remains largely unexplored, particularly in fumarole environments. Here, we explore the fungal diversity in two gypsum incrustations within an active fumarole of Sierra Negra volcano (Isabela Island). We hypothesize that minor differences in the chemical and mineralogical characteristics of these substrates, despite similar environmental conditions, lead to distinct fungal communities with substrate-specialized taxa.

Submersible touchless interactivity in conformable textiles enabled by highly selective overbraided magnetoresistive sensors.

Miniature electronics positioned within textile braids leverages the persistent flexibility and comfort of textiles constructed from electronics with 1D form factors. Here, we developed touchless interactivity within textiles using 1D overbraided magnetic field sensors. Our integration strategy minimally impacts the performance of flexible giant magnetoresistive sensors, yielding machine-washable sensors that maintain conformability when integrated in traditional fabrics.

Effect of Diet on CPFAs Used as Markers in Milk for the Detection of Silage in the Ration of Dairy Cows.

In hay milk production, fermented feed, like silage, is forbidden. This study aims to reveal the presence of silages made from maize or grass in the diet of dairy cows through the detection of cyclopropane fatty acids (CPFAs) in their milk. It also investigates how CPFAs in their milk declines when the diets of the cows are transitioned from one containing silage to one that does not include silage.

Metabolic responses reveal insight into interspecific variation in heat tolerance of three co-existing pest aphid species.

Global warming leads to an increase in extreme heat events, posing significant challenges for insects. Sitobion avenae, Metopolophium dirhodum, and Rhopalosiphum padi are important co-existing aphid species known to cause damage to cereal crops worldwide. The three species differ in thermal tolerance, with R.

Phosphorus Release from Nano-Hydroxyapatite Derived from Biowastes in the Presence of Phosphate-Solubilizing Bacteria: A Soil Column Experiment.

Phosphorus applications in agriculture can lead to significant environmental impacts, necessitating a revolution in current agricultural practices. This study explores the potential of hydroxyapatite nanoparticles (nHAPs) synthesized from poultry bones as P fertilizers. nHAPs were produced at 300 °C (nHAP) and 700 °C (nHAP), and their effectiveness was evaluated.

Nano-edible coatings for quality enhancement and shelf-life extension of fruits and vegetables.

In developing countries, significant fruit and vegetable losses stem from inadequate storage and mishandling during harvest. Employing edible coatings on agricultural products offers an alternative method to reduce these losses as it aids in controlling the flow of moisture and gases between the product and its immediate environment. A significant benefit of applying edible films and coatings to agricultural produce is the incorporation of active components to the biopolymer matrix, which can be consumed together with the food, improving its nutritional and sensory appeal as well as its safety.

Production Optimization and Potential Bioactivities of Biosurfactant from PET Surface-Dwelling Oligotrophic Bacillus sp. EIKU23.

The growing demand for efficient biosurfactants in various industrial sectors has driven the search for sustainable alternatives, enhanced production methods, and low-cost substrates. This study aimed to optimize the production, characterize, and assess the bioactivities of biosurfactants produced by an oligotrophic PET plastic-associated Bacillus sp. EIKU23.

Differential Coding of Fruit, Leaf, and Microbial Odours in the Brains of and .

severely damages the production of berry and stone fruits in large parts of the world. Unlike , which reproduces on overripe and fermenting fruits on the ground, prefers to lay its eggs in ripening fruits still on the plants. Flies locate fruit hosts by their odorant volatiles, which are detected and encoded by a highly specialised olfactory system before being translated into behaviour.

Dynamic emotion intensity estimation from physiological signals facilitating interpretation via appraisal theory.

Appraisal models, such as the Scherer's Component Process Model (CPM), represent an elegant framework for the interpretation of emotion processes, advocating for computational models that capture emotion dynamics. Today's emotion recognition research, however, typically classifies discrete qualities or categorised dimensions, neglecting the dynamic nature of emotional processes and thus limiting interpretability based on appraisal theory. In our research, we estimate emotion intensity from multiple physiological features associated to the CPM's neurophysiological component using dynamical models with the aim of bringing insights into the relationship between physiological dynamics and perceived emotion intensity.

The Neurodevelopmental Dynamics of Multilingual Experience During Childhood: A Longitudinal Behavioral, Structural, and Functional MRI Study.

Background/objectives: A neurobiological framework of bi- or multilingual neurocognitive development must consider the following: (i) longitudinal behavioral and neural measures; (ii) brain developmental constraints across structure and function; and (iii) the development of global multilingual competence in a homogeneous social environment. In this study, we investigated whether multilingual competence yields early changes in executive attention control mechanisms and their underlying neural structures in the frontal-striatal system, such as the dorsal anterior cingulate cortex/pre-supplemental area and the left caudate.

Methods: We employed longitudinal neuroimaging and functional connectivity methods in a small group of multilingual children over two years.

First Report of causing crown rot on (Olive) in Pakistan.

Crown rot impacted olive plants (cv. Koroneiki) in an orchard in Chakwal, Punjab, Pakistan (32° N, 72° E), with a prevalence of 60%. Observable symptoms included leaf chlorosis, defoliation, wilting, and twig dieback in 6-8-year-old plants, ultimately resulting in their demise (Fig.

An Intersectional Perspective on Cyberbullying: Victimization Experiences Among Marginalized Youth.

Introduction: The impact of cyberbullying victimization on youth development, encompassing mental health, academic performance, and socioemotional well-being, has been widely documented. Research highlights the heightened vulnerability of sexual and gender minoritized youth, along with other youth from marginalized groups, to cybervictimization. However, there is a gap in understanding how intersecting marginalized social identities affect experiences of cyberbullying.

Doping in combat sports: a systematic review.

Purpose: This systematic review aims to synthesize the current research on doping in combat sports, examining the prevalence, detection methods, prevention strategies, and overall impact on combat sports.

Design/methodology/approach: Of the 21 identified articles, six met the inclusion criteria. A systematic approach was used, including content analysis based on specific criteria: articles in English, original research, and relevance to sport and doping.

Seasonal Changes in the Gut Microbiota of Halyomorpha halys.

The gut microbiome plays an important role in insect evolution and ecology. Bacteria support the host's nutrition and defense and therefore play an important role in the fitness of the host. Halyomorpha halys is one of the most important invasive pest species in the world.

Evaluating reproduction traits in a crossbreeding program between indigenous and exotic sheep in semi-arid lands.

Reproduction traits are important factors determining the efficiency of any sheep production system. This study evaluates the age at first lambing (AFL), lambing interval (LI), litter weight at birth (LBWT), litter weight at weaning (LWWT), birth weight of ewe (EBWT) and weaning weight of ewes (EWWT) in a crossbreeding program between the Red Maasai (RRRR) and Dorper sheep and their crosses, 75% Dorper and 50% Dorper (DDRR) breeds. All the traits significantly (P < 0.

Intact Australian Sphagnum peatland is a strong carbon sink.

Peatlands are important global stores of carbon. However, peatland disturbance, including climate change, can cause stored carbon to be released, shifting peatlands from net carbon sinks to net carbon sources. Yet, there is a paucity of data on the carbon cycling of Australian peatlands from which to inform effective management of the peatland carbon store.

Unraveling the ancient fungal DNA from the Iceman gut.

Background: Fungal DNA is rarely reported in metagenomic studies of ancient samples. Although fungi are essential for their interactions with all kingdoms of life, limited information is available about ancient fungi. Here, we explore the possibility of the presence of ancient fungal species in the gut of Ötzi, the Iceman, a naturally mummified human found in the Tyrolean Alps (border between Italy and Austria).

Comparison of the mid-infrared spectra and prediction equations developed from morning and evening milk samples from twice-a-day milked dairy cows.

Mid-infrared spectroscopy is a technology used globally for quantifying the concentration of fat, protein, lactose, and other constituents in the milk samples of both individual animals and bulk tank milk. Differences in the milk components and yield of cows are known to exist between morning and evening milk; nonetheless, differences in the spectra originating from the same cow from morning and evening milkings have never been investigated. Data were obtained from 2,602 dairy cows from 7 research farms in Ireland.

Leak detection and localization in water distribution systems via multilayer networks.

The continuous increase of water distribution networks (WDNs) in size and complexity poses significant management challenges, including a high risk of failures. Due to the intrinsic interconnected feature of water flow, including losses, this study proposes a methodology based on graph correlation and multilayer network analysis for leak detection and localization in WDNs with multiple components (infrastructure, control devices, hydraulic sensors). The detection process involves correlating monitored data to create a temporal graph and classify vertices.

Limited Variation in Bacterial Communities of (Hemiptera: Cicadellidae) Across European Populations and Different Life Stages.

The Nearctic leafhopper (Hemiptera: Cicadellidae) is the primary vector of ' Phytoplasma vitis', the causative agent of Flavescence doreé in Europe. Although microorganisms play an important role in the ecology and behavior of insects, knowledge about the interaction between and microbes is limited. In this study, we employed an amplicon metabarcoding approach for profiling the V4 region of the 16S rRNA gene to characterize the bacterial communities of across several populations from four European localities.

Stachys italica Mill.: synecology, functional compounds and potential use of an Italian endemic taxon.

The metabolomic of the Italian endemic species Stachys italica was investigated and potential positive metabolites for human's health were detected, quantified and discussed in relation to its synecology. Stachys italica is a species endemic to central-southern Italy, traditionally used for human consumption. The present research reports the results of a phytosociological study of this species in two southern regions of Italy (Apulia and Calabria).

Selective response of soil bacterial and fungal taxa to biodegradable polymers.

Biodegradable mulching films offer an eco-friendly alternative to petroleum-based plastics in agriculture, but their effects on soil parameters are not well understood. A microcosm experiment (20 °C, 75% field capacity) investigated the impact of two doses (0.021% and 1% w/w) of a biodegradable polymer on soil chemical and microbiological properties over a year.