What do medical students, residents and graduated physicians think about occupational physicians? A cross-national survey on stereotypes.

Introduction: French medical students can access occupational medicine after passing the residency examination. Few studies have looked at the lack of attractiveness of occupational medicine, contributing to the demographic decline of occupational physicians (OPs). The purpose of this study was to explore the stereotypes of OPs by their colleagues at different levels of formation to understand the determinants of the current lack of attractiveness.

Vasodilator drugs and heart-related outcomes in systemic sclerosis: an exploratory analysis.

Background And Aims: Systemic sclerosis (SSc) is an autoimmune connective disease characterised by excessive extracellular matrix deposition and widespread skin and internal organ fibrosis including various cardiac manifestations. Heart involvement is one of the leading causes of death among patients with SSc. In this study, we aimed to assess the effect of various vasodilator treatments.

Effect of 12 weeks of detraining and retraining on the cardiorespiratory fitness in a competitive master athlete: a case study.

Purpose: This study examined the physiological effects of 12 weeks of detraining and retraining in a highly trained master triathlete (age 53.8 years).

Methods: Variables associated with swimming, cycling, and running performance, including O, peak power output (PPO), gross cycling efficiency (CE), running maximal aerobic velocity (MAV), running economy (RE), muscle strength, and body composition were assessed before the last race of the season (baseline), after 12 weeks of detraining, and after 12 weeks of retraining.

Burden of Cardio-Cerebrovascular and Renal Diseases Attributable to Systolic Hypertension in France in 2021.

Background: Hypertension is the most common chronic disease and a major modifiable risk factor for cardio-cerebrovascular and renal diseases. This study estimated the national burden of hypertension, defined as systolic blood pressure ≥140 mm Hg, on morbidity and mortality in 2021 in France.

Methods: For all diseases causally associated with hypertension (cardiovascular diseases, chronic kidney diseases, and dementia), the number and proportion of cases attributable to hypertension in adults aged ≥35 years were estimated using population attributable fractions.

Methods of nivolumab administration in advanced melanoma: A comparison of patients' clinical outcomes treated with flat dose or weight-adjusted dose, a multicenter observational study.

Background: Nivolumab obtained approval in advanced melanoma (AM) with weight-adjusted dose (WAD) administration (3 mg/kg/2 weeks). In 2018, the dosage regimen was changed to flat dose (FD) administration (240 mg/2 weeks or 480 mg/4 weeks) based on a modeling study, without clinical data.

Methods: AM patients have been prospectively included in the French national multicenter MelBase database since 2013.

Audiometric results of tympanoplasty with stapedectomy and synthetic total ossicular replacement prosthesis: A STROBE analysis.

Aim: To evaluate the audiometric results of tympanoplasty with stapedectomy and insertion of a synthetic total ossicular replacement prosthesis (TORP).

Material And Methods: Retrospective observational study conducted on a cohort of 15 patients (16 ears) aged 10 to 58 years (mean: 36 years) with chronic otitis media (COM) and tympanosclerosis (n=9), stapediovestibular ankylosis (n=3), minor aplasia (n=3) or post-traumatic ossicular dislocation (n=1). Treatment consisted in tympanoplasty with stapedectomy and TORP placement by the same operator, between December 1, 2012 and January 30, 2023, in a French university hospital department, with follow-up ranging from 2 to 92 months (mean: 24 months).

Targeting interleukin-6 pathways in giant cell arteritis management: A narrative review of evidence.

Giant cell arteritis (GCA) is a chronic inflammatory vasculitis with a significant impact on vascular and patient health. It may present with non-specific symptoms and can lead to severe complications if not managed effectively. This narrative review explores the treatment of GCA with interleukin-6 (IL-6) pathway inhibitors, focusing on key studies from selected databases published between 2018 and 2024.

The pleasantness of foods.

Food pleasantness is largely based on the palatability of food and is linked to taste. Along with homeostatic and cognitive control, it forms part of the control of food intake (hedonic control), and does not only correspond to the pleasure that can be described of food intake. There are many factors that cause variations in eating pleasantness between individuals, such as age, sex, culture, co-morbidities, treatments, environmental factors or the specific characteristics of foods.

Association between the dietary inflammatory index and the risk of hepatocellular carcinoma in a cirrhotic population.

Background & Aims: Hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) is recognized as an inflammation-related cancer. However, the relation between inflammation deriving from the diet and HCC risk among cirrhotic patients has not yet been investigated. This study aimed to examine the association between the dietary inflammatory index (DII®) and HCC risk among cirrhotic patients.

Early Detection of Hearing Impairment Signals Post-mRNA COVID-19 Vaccination: A Disproportionality Analysis Study on French Pharmacovigilance Database.

Introduction: Improving adverse events following immunisation (AEFI) detection is vital for vaccine safety surveillance, as an early safety signal can help minimize risks. In February 2022, the World Health Organization reported a preliminary signal on sudden sensorineural hearing loss (SSNHL) following coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) vaccination, 54 million persons in France received at least one dose, covering 78.8% of the population within a year.

ORPHEE: A Real-World Study on rIX-FP Prophylaxis Use in Adolescent/Adult Patients With Hemophilia B.

Objectives: To assess the real-world efficacy and safety of recombinant factor IX albumin fusion protein (rIX-FP) in patients with hemophilia B (HB) in France.

Methods: Data on dosing frequency, weekly consumption, and bleeds before-and-after switching to rIX-FP, were collected from December 2021 to February 2024. Annualized (spontaneous) bleeding rates [A(s)BRs] were calculated only in patients on prophylaxis with a follow-up ≥ 6 months.

The enhanced national pharmacovigilance system implemented for COVID-19 vaccines in France: A 2-year experience report.

In March 2020, World Health Organization recognized severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) emergence as a public health emergency of international concern. One of the major preventative measures developed against coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) was vaccines. To monitor their use and safety of vaccines from the first utilization in humans during clinical development phases to implementation for the general population, an enhanced national pharmacovigilance system was enabled by the French National Agency for Medicines and Health Products Safety in collaboration with the 30 Regional Pharmacovigilance Centres.

Ligand discrimination in hOR1A1 based on the capacitive response.

Odorant discrimination mechanisms are based on the differential interactions between odorant molecules and olfactory receptors (ORs). Biohybrid sensors based on ORs described to date show selectivity towards specific versus non-specific binding of odorants, being unable to distinguish between specific ligands of different affinity. Here we disclose a method that enables odorant discrimination based on the modulation of the capacitive response of the receptor, which allows the differentiation of three high-affinity hOR1A1 agonists.

Small molecule-based regulation of gene expression in human astrocytes switching on and off the G-quadruplex control systems.

A great deal of attention is being paid to strategies seeking to uncover the biology of the four-stranded nucleic acid structure G-quadruplex (G4) via their stabilization in cells with G4-specific ligands. The conventional definition of chemical biology implies that a complete assessment of G4 biology can only be achieved by implementing a complementary approach involving destabilization of cellular G4s by ad hoc molecular effectors. We report here on an unprecedented comparison of the cellular consequences of G4 chemical stabilization by pyridostatin (PDS) and destabilization by phenylpyrrolocytosine (PhpC) at both transcriptome- and proteome-wide scales in patient-derived primary human astrocytes.

Bi-allelic variants in WDR47 cause a complex neurodevelopmental syndrome.

Brain development requires the coordinated growth of structures and cues that are essential for forming neural circuits and cognitive functions. The corpus callosum, the largest interhemispheric connection, is formed by the axons of callosal projection neurons through a series of tightly regulated cellular events, including neuronal specification, migration, axon extension and branching. Defects in any of those steps can lead to a range of disorders known as syndromic corpus callosum dysgenesis (CCD).

Exploring the Cognitive and Behavioral Aspects of Shprintzen-Goldberg Syndrome; a Novel Cohort and Literature Review.

Shprintzen-Goldberg-syndrome (SGS) is caused by pathogenic exon 1 variants of SKI. Symptoms include dysmorphic features, skeletal and cardiovascular comorbidities, and cognitive and developmental impairments. We delineated the neurodevelopmental and behavioral features of SGS, as they are not well-documented.

Edible Coatings for Fish Preservation: Literature Data on Storage Temperature, Product Requirements, Antioxidant Activity, and Coating Performance-A Review.

Fresh fish is among the most nutritive foodstuffs, but it is also the most perishable one. Therefore, huge efforts have been made to find the most suitable tools to deliver fish of the highest quality to exigent consumers. Scientific studies help the industry to exploit the newest findings to scale up emerging industrial technologies.

Diverse impact of topography and cultivation location on the polyphenolic profiles and certain sensory attributes of 'País' heritage wines from the Maule dryland region (Chile).

Polyphenols are compounds that have traditionally been related to sensory properties of wines. The synthesis of these secondary metabolites can be influenced by numerous factors, including the edaphoclimatic conditions of the growing area of vines. In this study, the effect of topography and cultivation location on the chemical composition and sensory perception of wines was determined.

Weaning of non COPD patients at high-risk of extubation failure assessed by lung ultrasound: the WIN IN WEAN multicentre randomised controlled trial.

Background: Postextubation respiratory failure (PRF) frequently complicates weaning from mechanical ventilation and may increase morbidity/mortality. Noninvasive ventilation (NIV) alternating with high-flow nasal oxygen (HFNO) may prevent PRF.

Methods: Ventilated patients without chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) and at high-risk of PRF defined as a lung ultrasound score (LUS) ≥ 14 assessed during the spontaneous breathing trial, were included in a French-Chinese randomised controlled trial.

Label-Free Optical Transmission Tomography for Direct Mycological Examination and Monitoring of Intracellular Dynamics.

Live-cell imaging generally requires pretreatment with fluorophores to either monitor cellular functions or the dynamics of intracellular processes and structures. We have recently introduced full-field optical coherence tomography for the label-free live-cell imaging of fungi with potential clinical applications for the diagnosis of invasive fungal mold infections. While both the spatial resolution and technical set up of this technology are more likely designed for the histopathological analysis of tissue biopsies, there is to our knowledge no previous work reporting the use of a light interference-based optical technique for direct mycological examination and monitoring of intracellular processes.

Neuromuscular fatigability is not affected by the contraction pattern of exercises with a similar mean torque.

Purpose: Neuromuscular fatigability is task-dependent, but the influence of the contraction pattern on neuromuscular fatigability is largely unknown. Therefore, the present study aims to investigate if neuromuscular fatigability is affected by the contraction pattern of exhausting isometric exercises.

Methods: Thirteen participants sustained a plantar flexors MVC for 1 min (MVC) before and after exhausting exercises designed to produce a similar mean torque (30% MVC), and following a 10-min rest period.

Steam Vein Sclerosis for Nonsaphenous varicose veins.

Background: The treatment of nonsaphenous varicose veins (NSVV), including incompetent perforating veins (IPV) and recurrent varicose veins (RVV), remains challenging for many reasons, including vein tortuosity, deep location and short vein to be treated. Data and recommendations are lacking. Steam vein sclerosis (SVS) is an endothermal therapy that has been used in the treatment of incompetent saphenous veins, achieving occlusion rates similar to other thermal ablation techniques with good patient tolerance and minimal postoperative pain.

Measurement and modelling of water flows and pesticide leaching under low input cropping systems.

One current challenge in sustainable agriculture is to redesign cropping systems to reduce the use and impacts of pesticides, and by doing so protect the environment, in particular groundwater, and human health. As a large range of systems could be explored and a wide number of pesticides used, field experiments cannot be carried out to study the sustainability of each of them. Thus, the objectives of this work were (1) to measure water flows and pesticide leaching in six contrasted low input cropping systems based on sunflower-wheat rotation, oilseed rape-wheat-barley rotation, and maize monoculture, experimented for three years in three different soil and climatic conditions, and (2) to assess and to compare the ability of three pesticide fate models (MACRO, PEARL, PRZM) to simulate the observed water flows and pesticide concentrations.