Preliminary experience of the isolate left subclavian artery in-situ fenestration during 'zone 2' thoracic endovascular aortic repair.

Objectives: To evaluate the results of isolated left subclavian artery in-situ fenestration (ISF) during 'zone 2' thoracic endovascular aortic repair (TEVAR) using a new adjustable needle puncturing device system.

Methods: It is a multicentre, retrospective, physician-initiated cohort study of patients treated from 28 July 2021 to 3 April 2024. Inclusion criteria were isolate left subclavian artery revascularization for elective or urgent/emergent 'zone 2' TEVAR.

Lower extremity arterial disease perspective: IUA consensus document on "lead management". Part 1.

Atherosclerotic cardiovascular disease (ASCVD) is defined as coronary heart disease (CHD), cerebrovascular disease, or lower extremity arterial disease (LEAD) also named peripheral arterial disease (PAD). ASCVD is considered to be of atherosclerotic origin and is the leading cause of morbidity and mortality mainly for individuals with diabetes mellitus (DM). In this consensus document of the International Union of Angiology the authors discuss epidemiology, risk factors, primary and secondary prophylaxis, the correlation between diabetes mellitus and LEAD, conservative and surgical treatment.

Molecular Profiling of Kenyan Acute Myeloid Leukemia Patients.

Acute myeloid leukemia (AML) is an infrequent disease, and it is associated with high morbidity and mortality. It harbors a unique configuration of cytogenetic abnormalities and molecular mutations that can be detected using microscopic and molecular methods respectively. These genetic tests are core elements of diagnosis and prognostication in high-income countries.

COVID-19 Vaccine: Between Myth and Truth.

Since December 2019, a pandemic caused by the newly identified SARS-CoV-2 spread across the entire globe, causing 364,191,494 confirmed cases of COVID-19 to date. SARS-CoV-2 is a betacoronavirus, a positive-sense, single-stranded RNA virus with four structural proteins: spike (S), envelope (E), membrane (M), and nucleocapsid (N). The S protein plays a crucial role both in cell binding and in the induction of a strong immune response during COVID-19 infection.

Endovascular Reconstruction for Total Aorto-Iliac Occlusion.

Objectives: To analyze outcomes following endovascular treatment of total occlusion of the infrarenal aorta and aorto-iliac bifurcation in a multicenter Italian registry.

Methods: It is a multicenter, retrospective, observational cohort study. From January 2015 to December 2018, 1306 endovascular interventions for aorto-iliac occlusive disease were recorded in the vascular registry.

Correction: Visani et al. miR-196B-5P and miR-200B-3P Are Differentially Expressed in Medulloblastomas of Adults and Children. 2020, , 265.

The authors wish to make the following corrections to this paper [...

The tumor-agnostic treatment for patients with solid tumors: a position paper on behalf of the AIOM- SIAPEC/IAP-SIBioC-SIF Italian Scientific Societies.

The personalized medicine is in a rapidly evolving scenario. The identification of actionable mutations is revolutionizing the therapeutic landscape of tumors. The morphological and histological tumor features are enriched by the extensive genomic profiling, and the first tumor-agnostic drugs have been approved regardless of tumor histology, guided by predictive and druggable genetic alterations.

IDH1 single nucleotide polymorphism improves progression free survival in patients with IDH mutated grade II and III gliomas.

Background: A synonymous single nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) is a substitution of a single base that does not modify the primary amino acid sequence but could influence protein function. In patients with brain tumors, the incidence of the silent SNP IDH 1 105GGT (rs11554137) is three times higher than the normal population.

Methods: Our aim was to investigate the prognostic role of the IDH 1 105GGT SNP.

The clinical and prognostic role of ALK in glioblastoma.

Background: anaplastic lymphoma kinase (ALK) overexpression and gene alterations have been detected in several malignancies, with prognostic and therapeutic implications. However, few studies investigated the correlation between ALK altered expression and prognosis in patients with glioblastoma (GBM).

Methods: We performed an evaluation of ALK overexpression and structural/quantitative chromosome alterations through immune-histochemical assay (IHC with D5F3 antibody) and fluorescent in situ hybridization (FISH) in patients with isocitrate dehydrogenase (IDH) wild type (wt) GBM.

IDH1 Non-Canonical Mutations and Survival in Patients with Glioma.

Background: Non-canonical mutations of the isocitrate dehydrogenase (IDH) genes have been described in about 20-25% and 5-12% of patients with WHO grade II and III gliomas, respectively. To date, the prognostic value of these rare mutations is still a topic of debate.

Methods: We selected patients with WHO grade II and III gliomas and IDH1 mutations with available tissue samples for next-generation sequencing.

Impaired Ganglion Cell Function Objectively Assessed by the Photopic Negative Response in Affected and Asymptomatic Members From Brazilian Families With Leber's Hereditary Optic Neuropathy.

The photopic negative response (PhNR) is an electrophysiological method that provides retinal ganglion cell function assessment using full-field stimulation that does not require clear optics or refractive correction. The purpose of this study was to assess ganglion cell function by PhNR in affected and asymptomatic carriers from Brazilian families with LHON. Individuals either under suspicion or previously diagnosed with LHON and their family members were invited to participate in this cross-sectional study.

Non-Coding RNAs in the Transcriptional Network That Differentiates Skeletal Muscles of Sedentary from Long-Term Endurance- and Resistance-Trained Elderly.

In a previous study, the whole transcriptome of the vastus lateralis muscle from sedentary elderly and from age-matched athletes with an exceptional record of high-intensity, life-long exercise training was compared-the two groups representing the two extremes on a physical activity scale. Exercise training enabled the skeletal muscle to counteract age-related sarcopenia by inducing a wide range of adaptations, sustained by the expression of protein-coding genes involved in energy handling, proteostasis, cytoskeletal organization, inflammation control, and cellular senescence. Building on the previous study, we examined here the network of non-coding RNAs participating in the orchestration of gene expression and identified differentially expressed micro- and long-non-coding RNAs and some of their possible targets and roles.

Molecular Pathology of Poorly Differentiated and Anaplastic Thyroid Cancer: What Do Pathologists Need to Know?

The molecular characterization of poorly and anaplastic thyroid carcinomas has been greatly improved in the last years following the advent of high throughput technologies. However, with special reference to genomic data, the prevalence of reported alterations is partly affected by classification criteria. The impact of molecular pathology in these tumors is multifaceted and bears diagnostic, prognostic, and predictive implications although its use in the clinical practice is not completely assessed.

Dual TMPRSS2:ERG Fusion in a Patient with Lung and Prostate Cancers.

The TMPRSS2:ERG fusion is considered prostate specific and has been rarely described in other tumors. We describe the case of a patient who developed lung and prostate cancers, both harboring the TMPRSS2:ERG fusion. The patient developed a cancer of the prostate with lymph node metastases and after two years a nodule of the thoracic wall.

Gene expression profile in metastatic and non-metastatic parathyroid carcinoma.

Parathyroid carcinoma (PC) is one of the rarest and aggressive malignancies of the endocrine system. In some instances, the histological diagnosis remains uncertain unless there is evidence of gross local invasion or secondary spread. The identification of molecular markers could improve the diagnostic accuracy of these lesions.

What Is New in Thyroid Cancer: The Special Issue of the Journal Cancers.

The incidence of thyroid cancer has increased over the past 3 to 4 decades. Nonetheless, the mortality from thyroid cancer has remained stable. The thyroid gland may develop nodules encompassing several types of cell proliferation, from frankly benign to very aggressive forms with many intermediate challenging variants.

Pathological post-mortem findings in lungs infected with SARS-CoV-2.

Italy was the first European nation to be massively infected by SARS-CoV-2. Up to the end of May 2020, more than 33,000 deaths had been recorded in Italy, with a large prevalence among males, those over 75 years of age, and in association with co-morbidities. We describe the lung pathological and immunohistochemical post-mortem findings at the autopsy of nine patients who died of SARS-CoV-2-associated disease.

Periostin, tenascin, osteopontin isoforms in long- and non-long survival patients with pancreatic cancer: a pilot study.

Pancreatic adenocarcinoma (PDAC) is the most frequent histological type of malignancy in the pancreas. Extracellular matrix (ECM), plays a critical role during the process of human carcinogenesis and the possible diversity in matricellular proteins composition of ECM may have a significant impact on the clinical course of PDAC. Aim of this paper was to evaluate the expression of three matricellular proteins, including Periostin (POSTN), Tenascin (TNS) and Osteopontin (OPN), in PDAC from long-survival (LS) and non-long survival (NLS) patients.

Skeletal Muscle Gene Expression in Long-Term Endurance and Resistance Trained Elderly.

Physical exercise is deemed the most efficient way of counteracting the age-related decline of skeletal muscle. Here we report a transcriptional study by next-generation sequencing of vastus lateralis biopsies from elderly with a life-long high-level training practice ( = 9) and from age-matched sedentary subjects ( = 5). Unsupervised mixture distribution analysis was able to correctly categorize trained and untrained subjects, whereas it failed to discriminate between individuals who underwent a prevalent endurance ( = 5) or a prevalent resistance ( = 4) training, thus showing that the training mode was not relevant for sarcopenia prevention.

Primary analysis of JUMP, a phase 3b, expanded-access study evaluating the safety and efficacy of ruxolitinib in patients with myelofibrosis, including those with low platelet counts.

Ruxolitinib is a potent Janus kinase (JAK) 1/JAK2 inhibitor approved for the treatment of myelofibrosis (MF). Ruxolitinib was assessed in JUMP, a large (N = 2233), phase 3b, expanded-access study in MF in countries without access to ruxolitinib outside a clinical trial, which included patients with low platelet counts (<100 × 10 /l) and patients without splenomegaly - populations that have not been extensively studied. The most common adverse events (AEs) were anaemia and thrombocytopenia, but they rarely led to discontinuation (overall, 5·4%; low-platelet cohort, 12·3%).

Plasma peroxiredoxin changes and inflammatory cytokines support the involvement of neuro-inflammation and oxidative stress in Autism Spectrum Disorder.

Background: It has been established that children with Autism Spectrum Disorders (ASD) are affected by oxidative stress, the origin of which is still under investigation. In the present work, we evaluated inflammatory and pro-oxidant soluble signature in non-syndromic ASD and age-matched typically developing (TD) control children.

Methods: We analyzed leukocyte gene expression of inflammatory cytokines and inflammation/oxidative-stress related molecules in 21 ASD and 20 TD children.

How Many Papillae in Conventional Papillary Carcinoma? A Clinical Evidence-Based Pathology Study of 235 Unifocal Encapsulated Papillary Thyroid Carcinomas, with Emphasis on the Diagnosis of Noninvasive Follicular Thyroid Neoplasm with Papillary-Like Nuclear Features.

The percentage of papillae is a crucial criterion in differentiating noninvasive follicular thyroid neoplasm with papillary-like nuclear features (NIFTP) from papillary thyroid carcinomas (PTCs) and in subclassifying PTC into classic and follicular variant. Since the description of NIFTP, three studies have shown that the presence of any papillae may be associated with nodal metastasis, which led to modification of the NIFTP criterion from <1% papillae to no true papillae allowed. We aim at providing clinical evidence-based data on the impact that papillary growth has on nodal spread and tumor genotype in tumors previously diagnosed as encapsulated unifocal PTC.