Network-based biomarkers in background electroencephalography in childhood epilepsies-A scoping review and narrative synthesis.

Background: Brain network analysis is an emerging field of research that could lead to the development, testing and validation of novel biomarkers for epilepsy. This could shorten the diagnostic uncertainty period, improve treatment, decrease seizure risk and lead to better management. This scoping review summarises the current state of electroencephalogram (EEG)-based network abnormalities for childhood epilepsies.

Robust and interpretable AI-guided marker for early dementia prediction in real-world clinical settings.

Background: Predicting dementia early has major implications for clinical management and patient outcomes. Yet, we still lack sensitive tools for stratifying patients early, resulting in patients being undiagnosed or wrongly diagnosed. Despite rapid expansion in machine learning models for dementia prediction, limited model interpretability and generalizability impede translation to the clinic.

Family carers and the provision of person-centred dementia care for activities of daily living.

Care provided by family members is not always consistent with the principles of person-centred dementia care (PCDC) and interventions to improve the quality of care are needed. A good foundation for the development of such interventions is provided by an understanding of how good and poor care practices are manifested in everyday care, and of the challenges to providing good quality care. Thirty people providing care to a spouse or partner with dementia were interviewed, and asked to describe examples of the care they provided for activities of daily living and the challenges to providing good quality care.

Alström syndrome: the journey to diagnosis.

Background: Alström syndrome (AS) is a recessively inherited genetic condition which is ultra-rare and extremely complex. Symptoms include retinal dystrophy, nystagmus, photophobia, hearing loss, obesity, insulin resistance, diabetes and cardiomyopathy. The condition is progressive, but it is important to note that not all the complications associated with AS occur in everyone affected.

FAecal micRobiota transplantation in primary sclerosinG chOlangitis (FARGO): study protocol for a randomised, multicentre, phase IIa, placebo-controlled trial.

Introduction: Primary sclerosing cholangitis (PSC) is the classical hepatobiliary manifestation of inflammatory bowel disease (IBD). The strong association between gut and liver inflammation has driven several pathogenic hypotheses to which the intestinal microbiome is proposed to contribute. Pilot studies of faecal microbiota transplantation (FMT) in PSC and IBD are demonstrated to be safe and associated with increased gut bacterial diversity.

Reporting of cluster randomised crossover trials: extension of the CONSORT 2010 statement with explanation and elaboration.

This article presents the CONSORT (consolidated standards of reporting trials) extension for cluster randomised crossover trials. A cluster randomised crossover trial involves randomisation of groups of individuals (known as clusters) to different sequences of interventions over time. The design has gained popularity in settings where cluster randomisation is required because it can largely overcome the loss in power due to clustering in parallel cluster trials.

Agent-based simulation of trust networks and opportunistic behaviours of hydraulic infrastructure project participants.

Opportunistic behaviour has become a research hotspot in hydraulic infrastructure project management owing to its serious damage to the cooperation efficiency of all participants in a project. The trust networks formed by each participant can restrain opportunistic behaviour, but due to the dynamic evolution of the networks, its research should adopt a dynamic paradigm. The structure and evolution of trust networks can be simulated using computer simulations and modelling.

Association of gut microbiota and gut metabolites and adverse outcomes in biliary atresia: A longitudinal prospective study.

Background: The Kasai portoenterostomy (KPE) aims to re-establish bile flow in biliary atresia (BA); however, BA remains the commonest indication for liver transplantation in pediatrics. Gut microbiota-host interplay is increasingly associated with outcomes in chronic liver disease. This study characterized fecal microbiota and fatty acid metabolites in BA.

Corrigendum: Development and validation of dependence and craving measures specific to athletes who use anabolic-androgenic steroids.

[This corrects the article DOI: 10.3389/fpsyg.2024.

Infrastructuring Educational Genomics: Associations, Architectures, and Apparatuses.

Technoscientific transformations in molecular genomics have begun to influence knowledge production in education. Interdisciplinary scientific consortia are seeking to identify 'genetic influences' on 'educationally relevant' traits, behaviors, and outcomes. This article examines the emerging 'knowledge infrastructure' of educational genomics, attending to the assembly and choreography of organizational associations, epistemic architecture, and technoscientific apparatuses implicated in the generation of genomic understandings from masses of bioinformation.

Cellular and extracellular white matter alterations after childhood trauma experience in individuals with schizophrenia.

Background: Childhood trauma (CT) is related to altered fractional anisotropy (FA) in individuals with schizophrenia (SZ). However, it remains unclear whether CT may influence specific cellular or extracellular compartments of FA in SZ with CT experience. We extended our previous study on FA in SZ (Costello et al.

Neural stem cell-derived extracellular vesicles purified by monolith chromatography retain stimulatory effect in in vitro scratch assay.

Background Aims: Extracellular vesicles (EVs) have gained traction as potential cell-free therapeutic candidates. Development of purification methods that are scalable and robust is a major focus of EV research. Yet there is still little in the literature that evaluates purification methods against potency of the EV product.

Biologically-targeted discovery-replication scan identifies G×G interaction in relation to risk of Barrett's esophagus and esophageal adenocarcinoma.

Inherited genetics represents an important contributor to risk of esophageal adenocarcinoma (EAC), and its precursor Barrett's esophagus (BE). Genome-wide association studies have identified ∼30 susceptibility variants for BE/EAC, yet genetic interactions remain unexamined. To address challenges in large-scale G×G scans, we combined knowledge-guided filtering and machine learning approaches, focusing on genes with (A) known/plausible links to BE/EAC pathogenesis (n=493) or (B) prior evidence of biological interactions (n=4,196).

Free Open Access Medical Education (FOAMed) use in medical students: a literature review.

Purpose: Free Open Access Medical Education (FOAMed) is an emergent phenomenon within medical education. The rise of FOAMed resources has meant that medical education needs no longer be confined to the lecture theatre or the hospital setting, but rather, can be produced and shared amongst any individual or group with access to internet and a suitable device. This study presents a review of the use of FOAMed resources by students as part of their university medical education.

Long-range directional growth of neurites induced by magnetic forces.

The ability to control the growth and orientation of neurites over long distances has significant implications for regenerative therapies and the development of physiologically relevant brain tissue models. In this study, the forces generated on magnetic nanoparticles internalised within intracellular endosomes are used to direct the orientation of neuronal outgrowth in cell cultures. Following differentiation, neurite orientation was observed after 3 days application of magnetic forces to human neuroblastoma (SH-SY5Y) cells, and after 4 days application to rat cortical primary neurons.

Proteomic changes upon treatment with semaglutide in individuals with obesity.

Obesity and type 2 diabetes are prevalent chronic diseases effectively managed by semaglutide. Here we studied the effects of semaglutide on the circulating proteome using baseline and end-of-treatment serum samples from two phase 3 trials in participants with overweight or obesity, with or without diabetes: STEP 1 (n = 1,311) and STEP 2 (n = 645). We identified evidence supporting broad effects of semaglutide, implicating processes related to body weight regulation, glycemic control, lipid metabolism and inflammatory pathways.

EDENT1FI Master Protocol for screening of presymptomatic early-stage type 1 diabetes in children and adolescents.

Introduction: The identification of type 1 diabetes at an early presymptomatic stage has clinical benefits. These include a reduced risk of diabetic ketoacidosis (DKA) at the clinical manifestation of the disease and a significant reduction in clinical symptoms. The European action for the Diagnosis of Early Non-clinical Type 1 diabetes For disease Interception (EDENT1FI) represents a pioneering effort to advance early detection of type 1 diabetes through public health screening.

Impact of the SARS-CoV-2/COVID-19 pandemic on the patient journeys of those with a newly diagnosed paediatric brain tumour in the UK: a qualitative study.

Objectives: To explore the impact of the SARS-CoV-2/COVID-19 pandemic on the diagnosis, management and patient journey for children and young people with a newly diagnosed brain tumour in the UK.

Design: Exploratory qualitative study focused on patient journeys from multiple perspectives, conducted as part of a wider mixed-methods study.

Setting: Three paediatric oncology tertiary centres in the UK.

Attention-guided CenterNet deep learning approach for lung cancer detection.

Lung cancer remains a significant health concern worldwide, prompting ongoing research efforts to enhance early detection and diagnosis. Prior studies have identified key challenges in existing approaches, including limitations in feature extraction, interpretability, and computational efficiency. In response, this study introduces a novel deep learning (DL) framework, termed the Improved CenterNet approach, tailored specifically for lung cancer detection.

Disentangling Sources of Momentum Fluctuations in Xe+Xe and Pb+Pb Collisions with the ATLAS Detector.

High-energy nuclear collisions create a quark-gluon plasma, whose initial condition and subsequent expansion vary from event to event, impacting the distribution of the eventwise average transverse momentum [P([p_{T}])]. Disentangling the contributions from fluctuations in the nuclear overlap size (geometrical component) and other sources at a fixed size (intrinsic component) remains a challenge. This problem is addressed by measuring the mean, variance, and skewness of P([p_{T}]) in ^{208}Pb+^{208}Pb and ^{129}Xe+^{129}Xe collisions at sqrt[s_{NN}]=5.

Endonuclease G promotes hepatic mitochondrial respiration by selectively increasing mitochondrial tRNA production.

Mitochondrial endonuclease G (EndoG) contributes to chromosomal degradation when it is released from mitochondria during apoptosis. It is presumed to also have a mitochondrial function because EndoG deficiency causes mitochondrial dysfunction. However, the mechanism by which EndoG regulates mitochondrial function is not known.