First-Line Chemo-Immunotherapy in SCLC: Outcomes of a Binational Real-World Study.

Introduction: SCLC is characterized by aggressiveness and limited treatment options, especially in extensive-stage SCLC (ES-SCLC). Immunotherapy added to the platinum-etoposide combination has recently become standard in this setting. This retrospective study aims to evaluate the real-world effectiveness of chemo-immunotherapy in patients with ES-SCLC, focusing on subpopulations excluded from clinical trials.

Cestodes in Eurasian wolves () and domestic dogs () in Switzerland.

Eurasian wolves () and domestic dogs () are definitive hosts of numerous cestode species. While infections with adult stages in canids are usually subclinical, some species pose a zoonotic risk or cause infections in wildlife and livestock, resulting in disease and/or economic losses. This study aimed to determine the prevalence, species composition, and geographical distribution of cestode infections in dogs and free-ranging wolves in Switzerland.

Rabies in rural northeast India: A case report emphasising the urgency of the One Health approach.

Dog-mediated rabies is endemic in India. The country records the highest mortality due to dog-bite-related rabies despite the availability of interventions to prevent deaths. We present a case study of the death of a 59-year-old man in a suburban town of Northeast India after a dog bite from an owned pup.

A stretchable human lung-on-chip model of alveolar inflammation for evaluating anti-inflammatory drug response.

This study describes a complex human in vitro model for evaluating anti-inflammatory drug response in the alveoli that may contribute to the reduction of animal testing in the pre-clinical stage of drug development. The model is based on the human alveolar epithelial cell line Arlo co-cultured with macrophages differentiated from the THP-1 cell line, creating a physiological biological microenvironment. To mimic the three-dimensional architecture and dynamic expansion and relaxation of the air-blood-barrier, they are grown on a stretchable microphysiological lung-on-chip.

Three-year course of clinical high-risk symptoms for psychosis in the community: a latent class analysis.

Aims: Clinical high-risk for psychosis (CHR-P) states exhibit diverse clinical presentations, prompting a shift towards broader outcome assessments beyond psychosis manifestation. To elucidate more uniform clinical profiles and their trajectories, we investigated CHR-P profiles in a community sample.

Methods: Participants ( = 829; baseline age: 16-40 years) comprised individuals from a Swiss community sample who were followed up over roughly 3 years.

Computer Simulation of Sulfated Cyclodextrin-Based Enantioselective Separation of Weak Bases With Partial, High-Concentration Filling of the Chiral Selector and Analyte Detection on the Cathodic Side.

Computer simulation was utilized to characterize the electrophoretic processes occurring during the enantioselective capillary electrophoresis-mass spectrometry (CE-MS) analysis of ketamine, norketamine, and hydroxynorketamine in a system with partial filling of the capillary with 19 mM (equals 5%) of highly sulfated γ-cyclodextrin (HS-γ-CD) and analyte detection on the cathodic side. Provided that the sample is applied without or with a small amount of the chiral selector, analytes become quickly focused and separated in the thereby formed HS-γ-CD gradient at the cathodic end of the sample compartment. This gradient broadens with time, remains stationary, and gradually reduces its span from the lower side due to diffusion such that analytes with high affinity to the anionic selector become released onto the other side of the focusing gradient where anionic migration and defocusing occur concomitantly.

Evaluation of three diagnostic algorithms to reduce normal scan rates, radiation exposure and costs in patients with suspected chronic coronary syndrome referred for 82Rb-Positron Emission Tomography (Rb-PET).

Background: The majority of functional ischemia tests in patients with suspected chronic coronary syndromes (CCS) yield normal results. Implementing gatekeepers for patient preselection, such as pretest probability (PTP) and/or coronary artery calcium score (CACS), could reduce the number of normal scan results, radiation exposure and costs. However, the efficacy and safety of these approaches remain unclear.

Effects of periodontal disease on the proteomic profile of the periodontal ligament.

Periodontal disease affects over 1 billion people globally. This study investigated how periodontitis affects the protein profile of the periodontal ligament (PDL) in rats. Eight Holtzman rats were divided into the control and experimental periodontitis groups.

Hyperacute Effects of Mitral Transcatheter Edge-to-Edge Repair on Left Ventricular Volumes and Functions.

Transcatheter edge-to-edge repair (TEER) is an effective intervention for high-risk patients with severe symptomatic mitral regurgitation (MR), but its acute impact on left ventricular (LV) function has not been well studied using advanced echocardiographic techniques. This study investigated the immediate effects of TEER on LV volumes and functions, as well as their influence on mid-term outcomes, using high-resolution 3D transesophageal echocardiography. In 80 patients undergoing TEER for severe MR (mean age 79±8 years, 49% with primary MR), LV end-diastolic volume (LVEDV) and stroke volume significantly decreased (161±61 to 147±54 ml and 69±18 to 50±15 ml, respectively), while end-systolic volume increased (92±60 to 97±45 ml; p<0.

Thromboembolic Complications After Treatment with the INCRAFT AAA Ultra-Low-Profile Stent Graft System.

Objective: Low-profile endografts have reported increased rates of limb graft occlusions. The INCRAFT stent graft system is an ultra-low profile endograft for the exclusion of infrarenal abdominal aortic aneurysms. Our aim was to report thromboembolic events (TE) in patients treated with the INCRAFT device and its association with risk factors.

Risk of colorectal cancer associated with frequency of colorectal polyp diagnosis in relatives.

Background & Aims: We aimed to evaluate the association of frequency of polyp diagnosis in relatives with the risk of overall and early-onset colorectal cancer (CRC).

Methods: We leveraged data from nationwide Swedish family cancer datasets (1964-2018) to calculate standardized incidence ratios (SIRs) for individuals with a family history of polyp by frequency of polyp diagnosis in family members.

Results: We followed up 11,676,043 individuals for up to 54 years.

Active Components in Internet-Based Cognitive-Behavioral Therapy for Social Anxiety Disorder: A Randomized Full Factorial Trial.

Introduction: Many studies have demonstrated that social anxiety disorder (SAD) can be effectively treated with psychotherapy, particularly cognitive-behavioral therapy (CBT), including internet-based CBT (ICBT). Despite evidence-based treatments, many individuals do not sufficiently benefit from them. Identifying the active components could help improve the effectiveness of SAD treatment.

Feasibility, trueness and precision of intraoral scanners in digitizing maxillectomy defects with exposed zygomatic implants in situ: An in vitro 3D comparative study.

Objectives: To in-vitro evaluate the feasibility and accuracy (trueness and precision) of various intraoral scanners (IOS) to digitize maxillectomy defect models with exposed zygomatic implants in situ.

Material And Methods: Six partially edentulous and edentulous maxillectomy defect models with 2 zygomatic implants each were obtained. References scans were obatined by using a laboratory scanner (inEos X5; Dentsply Sirona).

Postgraduate medical education in obstetrics and gynecology in Switzerland in comparison to Germany and Austria: the results of an international survey.

Background: There is frequent academic exchange between Switzerland, Germany and Austria, facilitated by the common language. Additionally, the postgraduate training curricula in obstetrics and gynecology show some similarities. We aimed to compare self-perceived level of ability, availability of simulation training and teaching and feedback culture among residents in obstetrics and gynecology in Switzerland, Germany, and Austria.

A scoping review evaluating the current state of gut microbiota and its metabolites in valvular heart disease physiopathology.

Background: The human microbiome is crucial in regulating intestinal and systemic functions. While its role in cardiovascular disease is better understood, the link between intestinal microbiota and valvular heart diseases (VHD) remains largely unexplored.

Methods: Peer-reviewed studies on human, animal or cell models analysing gut microbiota profiles published up to April 2024 were included.

Second Versus First Molar Extractions in Class II Division 1 Malocclusion Treatment: A Retrospective Longitudinal Outcome Study into Maxillary Canine, Premolar, and Molar Movement.

This retrospective longitudinal outcome study comparing orthodontic extraction modalities, including extraction of maxillary first or second molars, aimed to compare the three-dimensional tooth movement of maxillary canines (C), premolars (P1, P2), and molars (M1, M2) in Class II division 1 malocclusion treatment with fixed appliances. A sample of 98 patients (mean age 13.20 ± 1.

How In Vivo Alteration of Hip Replacement Wear Mode Can Cause a Voluminous Inflammatory Reaction and an Excessive Titanium Exposure.

Wear particle reaction is present in every arthroplasty. Sometimes, this reaction may lead to formation of large pseudotumors. As illustrated in this case, the volume of the reaction may be out of proportion to the volume of the wear scar.

The Emerging Predictive and Prognostic Role of Aggressive-Variant-Associated Tumor Suppressor Genes Across Prostate Cancer Stages.

Aggressive variant prostate cancer (AVPC) is characterized by a molecular signature involving combined defects in , , and/or (AVPC-TSGs), identifiable through immunohistochemistry or genomic analysis. The reported prevalence of AVPC-TSG alterations varies widely, reflecting differences in assay sensitivity, treatment pressure, and disease stage evolution. Although robust clinical evidence is still emerging, the study of AVPC-TSG alterations in prostate cancer (PCa) is promising.

Staging of prostate Cancer with ultra-fast PSMA-PET scans enhanced by AI.

Purpose: PSMA-PET is a reference standard examination for patients with prostate cancer, but even using recently introduced digital PET detectors image acquisition with standard field-of-view scanners is still in the range of 20 min. This may cause limited access to examination slots because of the growing demand for PSMA-PET. Ultra-fast PSMA-PET may enhance throughput but comes at the cost of poor image quality.

Deep learning algorithms enable MRI-based scapular morphology analysis with values comparable to CT-based assessments.

Scapular morphological attributes show promise as prognostic indicators of retear following rotator cuff repair. Current evaluation techniques using single-slice magnetic-resonance imaging (MRI) are, however, prone to error, while more accurate computed tomography (CT)-based three-dimensional techniques, are limited by cost and radiation exposure. In this study we propose deep learning-based methods that enable automatic scapular morphological analysis from diagnostic MRI despite the anisotropic resolution and reduced field of view, compared to CT.

Iron transfer across a functional syncytialized trophoblast monolayer.

Studying iron transfer across trophoblast monolayers is crucial given the significance of iron in maintaining a healthy pregnancy and supporting fetal growth and development. To get insights into the complex mechanism of transplacental iron transfer, we developed a standardized Transwell®-based monolayer model using BeWo (clone b30) cells. Our proposed method is divided into two parts: 1.

Viability assessment of Chlamydia trachomatis in men who have sex with men using molecular and culture methods.

Objectives: Chlamydia trachomatis is the most commonly diagnosed bacterial sexually transmitted infection (STI) worldwide. Diagnosis relies on nucleic acid amplification techniques, such as PCR, which does not distinguish between viable pathogens and residual bacterial DNA, leading to potential overdiagnosis and overtreatment. PCR with confirmation of pathogen viability has not been widely explored in the STI field.

Real-world effectiveness and safety of bulevirtide monotherapy for up to 96 weeks in patients with HDV-related cirrhosis.

Background And Aims: Bulevirtide (BLV) 2 mg/day is EMA approved for treatment of compensated chronic hepatitis due to Delta virus (HDV) infection, however real-life data in large cohorts of patients with cirrhosis are lacking.

Methods: Consecutive HDV-infected patients with cirrhosis starting BLV 2 mg/day since September 2019 were included in a European retrospective multicenter real-life study (SAVE-D). Patient characteristics before and during BLV treatment were collected.