7,417 results match your criteria: "University of Berlin.[Affiliation]"

Functional near-infrared spectroscopy (fNIRS) technology has been steadily advancing since the first measurements of human brain activity over 30 years ago. Initially, efforts were focused on increasing the channel count of fNIRS systems and then to moving from sparse to high density arrays of sources and detectors, enhancing spatial resolution through overlapping measurements. Over the last ten years, there have been rapid developments in wearable fNIRS systems that place the light sources and detectors on the head as opposed to the original approach of using fiber optics to deliver the light between the hardware and the head.

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A new type of submarine chimneys built of halite.

Sci Total Environ

December 2024

Geological Survey of Israel, Jerusalem, Yesha'yahu Leibowitz 32, 9692100 Jerusalem, Israel; Ben-Gurion University, Zuckerberg Institute for Water Research, Sede Boqer Campus, 8499000, Israel. Electronic address:

In contrast to the subaquatic sulphide and carbonate chimneys, which are known from Mid Ocean Ridges and abyssal submarine volcanoes, chimneys built of salts have not been described yet. Here we present such halite chimneys as a new form of cold-water smokers in hypersaline environments. The here described structures rise up from the bottom of the Dead Sea and result from the submarine discharge of saturated halite-dissolution brines into the salt lake, which is at halite saturation and holds remarkable chloride excess.

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Research has long shown that men suffer more from romantic breakups than women. We predicted that men would on average be less inclined to initiate separation, decline with the separation more in well-being and increase more in loneliness, are less satisfied with singlehood, and desire a new partner more than women. We theorized that these gender differences in separation adaptation could be linked to men's higher reliance on their partners for emotional support.

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Automated segment-level coronary artery calcium scoring on non-contrast CT: a multi-task deep-learning approach.

Insights Imaging

October 2024

Department of Radiology, Charité-Universitätsmedizin Berlin, corporate member of Freie Universität Berlin, Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, Berlin, Germany.

Article Synopsis
  • * Using data from 1514 patients, the model demonstrated a sensitivity of 73.2% and a high specificity of 97.8%, showing it could correctly identify calcium in coronary artery segments.
  • * The model's performance was comparable to human observers, indicating that this automated approach has strong potential for classifying coronary artery calcification efficiently.
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Delving into South China Sea microplastic pollution: Abundance, composition, and environmental risk.

Mar Pollut Bull

December 2024

Institute of Geography, Humboldt University of Berlin, Rudower Chaussee 16, 12489 Berlin, Germany. Electronic address:

Understanding marine pollution in the South China Sea is crucial for preserving marine ecosystems and biodiversity. Despite extensive research on pollutants, there is a significant gap in knowledge about microplastics (MPs) in the archipelago region. This study focused on four typical islands, examining MPs in seawater and sediments, their distribution, and environmental risks.

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Introduction: Non-typhoidal (NTS) is a major cause of gastroenteritis worldwide, often associated with meat consumption and meat processing. Research on NTS infection and circulating serovars in meat value chains in Uganda is limited. We aimed to establish NTS prevalence, antimicrobial resistance, and risk factors among slaughterhouse workers, and to identify potentially zoonotic serovars in the pork value chain.

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Molecular Identification and Genetic Diversity Analysis of Papaya Leaf Curl China Virus Infecting Ageratum conyzoides.

Plant Pathol J

October 2024

Chongqing Key Laboratory of Plant Disease Biology, College of Plant Protection, Southwest University, Chongqing 400715, China.

Papaya leaf curl China virus (PaLCuCNV) is a damaging plant pathogen causing substantial losses to crop. The complete genomes of three PaLCuCNV isolates from Ageratum conyzoides were obtained and combined with the 68 reference isolates in GenBank for comprehensive genetic diversity analyses using specialized computational tools. Sequence alignment revealed nucleotide sequence similarity ranging from 85.

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As multiple UN fora develop parallel rules for sharing benefits from digital sequence information, we urge better coordination. International policymakers should focus on harmonizing new benefit-sharing rules to ensure open access to data, database interoperability, and better benefit sharing outcomes.

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  • A novel model simulating microbial processes in a 1 mL three-dimensional cube addresses gaps in existing ecosystem models by resolving individual microbes and their interactions at a 50 µm resolution.
  • Key findings reveal that copiotrophic bacteria largely depend on eukaryotic phytoplankton for carbon, while oligotrophic bacteria rely on cyanobacterial exudates, highlighting distinct growth and substrate patterns in aquatic environments.
  • The study also shows that attached bacteria lower carbon flux efficiency compared to free-living ones, indicating the importance of attachment and chemotaxis in optimizing bacteria's carbon acquisition in marine ecosystems.
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  • Remote patient management can enhance heart failure prognosis, but current methods for monitoring require too many resources for widespread use.
  • A study developed a machine learning model to create a risk score predicting heart failure hospitalizations within seven days, and this model performed better than traditional methods in identifying at-risk patients.
  • By focusing daily review efforts on just the top third of patients with the highest risk scores, the model could detect 95% of imminent hospitalizations, highlighting its potential to streamline monitoring and intervention processes.
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  • Hereditary angioedema (HAE) is a chronic disease requiring effective long-term preventive treatments, prompting a study to evaluate the safety and efficacy of garadacimab, a new medication for HAE.
  • In an interim analysis of the ongoing phase 3 VANGUARD study, involving 161 patients, most treatment-emergent adverse events (TEAEs) were mild, with injection-site reactions being the most common, and no serious complications linked to garadacimab were reported.
  • The results showed a significant reduction in HAE attacks, with 60% of patients remaining attack-free, indicating that garadacimab offers a safe and effective long-term treatment option for patients with
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  • Standard information reporting is essential for consistent assay conditions and data, enabling easier comparisons between laboratories.
  • The publication presents the Minimum Information for Reporting on the TEER assay (MIRTA), a key method used to assess cell culture models and toxicity potential.
  • Developed through an international collaboration, the recommendations from the RespTox Collaborative aim to improve data transparency, reproducibility, and quality in both respiratory and other cell systems.
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This study examined the impact of sport-specific cognitive training (CT) on executive functions (EFs) in youth soccer players. Thirty-one athletes (13-15 years) participated, 13 in the intervention group (IG) and 18 in the control group (CG). The IG underwent an 8-week soccer-focused CT program, while the CG maintained regular training.

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The brain helps us survive by forming internal representations of the external world. Excitatory cortical neurons are often precisely tuned to specific external stimuli. However, inhibitory neurons, such as parvalbumin-positive (PV) interneurons, are generally less selective.

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Introduction: As healthcare is shifting from a paternalistic to a patient-centred approach, medical decision making becomes more collaborative involving patients, their support persons (SPs) and physicians. Implementing shared decision-making (SDM) into clinical practice can be challenging and becomes even more complex with the introduction of artificial intelligence (AI) as a potential actant in the communicative network. Although there is more empirical research on patients' and physicians' perceptions of AI, little is known about the impact of AI on SDM.

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Background: Zoology's dark matter comprises hyperdiverse, poorly known taxa that are numerically dominant but largely unstudied, even in temperate regions where charismatic taxa are well understood. Dark taxa are everywhere, but high diversity, abundance, and small size have historically stymied their study. We demonstrate how entomological dark matter can be elucidated using high-throughput DNA barcoding ("megabarcoding").

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  • Tumors of salivary glands vary widely and can overlap, making them challenging to diagnose, despite advances in molecular testing.
  • A study examined 363 cases of 20 different salivary gland tumors and found distinct DNA methylation patterns that help classify these tumors, achieving high accuracy with a machine learning algorithm.
  • The research identified specific epigenetic signatures, distinguishing certain tumor types, and suggested that DNA methylation could aid in diagnosing and potentially uncovering new tumor classes in the future.
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  • There are big changes in the bacteria living in the mouths and guts of people with a type of blood cancer called chronic lymphocytic leukemia (CLL) compared to healthy people.
  • The study looked at samples from patients with CLL and found some good bacteria were missing while others were too much, which could be linked to how serious their condition is.
  • The research suggests that understanding these bacterial changes might help doctors predict how quickly patients with CLL might need treatment and how the disease could progress.
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Spontaneous Dimerization and Distinct Packing Modes of Transmembrane Domains in Receptor Tyrosine Kinases.

Biochemistry

October 2024

Department of Chemical Engineering and Bioengineering, University of New Hampshire, Durham, New Hampshire 03824, United States.

The insulin receptor (IR) and the insulin-like growth factor-1 receptor (IGF1R) are homodimeric transmembrane glycoproteins that transduce signals across the membrane on binding of extracellular peptide ligands. The structures of IR/IGF1R fragments in apo and liganded states have revealed that the extracellular subunits of these receptors adopt Λ-shaped configurations to which are connected the intracellular tyrosine kinase (TK) domains. The binding of peptide ligands induces structural transitions in the extracellular subunits leading to potential dimerization of transmembrane domains (TMDs) and autophosphorylation in TKs.

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The fabrication of stable perovskite nanofilm patterns is important for the development of functional optical devices. However, current production approaches are limited by the requirement for strict inert gas protection and long processing times. Here, a confined flash printing synthesis method is presented to generate perovskite nanofilms under ambient conditions, combining precursor transfer, perovskite synthesis, crystallization, and polymer protection in a single step within milliseconds.

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GABAergic inhibitory interneurons comprise many subtypes that differ in their molecular, anatomical, and functional properties. In mouse visual cortex, they also differ in their modulation with an animal's behavioral state, and this state modulation can be predicted from the first principal component (PC) of the gene expression matrix. Here, we ask whether this link between transcriptome and state-dependent processing generalizes across species.

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Oxygen Reduction Reaction Activity and Stability of Shaped Metal-Doped PtNi Electrocatalysts Evaluated in Gas Diffusion Electrode Half-Cells.

ACS Appl Mater Interfaces

October 2024

Electrochemical Energy, Catalysis and Material Science Laboratory, Department of Chemistry, Technical University Berlin, Berlin 10623, Germany.

The synthesis of bimetallic and trimetallic platinum-based octahedral catalysts for the cathode of proton exchange membrane fuel cells (PEMFCs) is a particularly active area aimed at meeting technological requirements in terms of durability and cost. The electrocatalytic activity and stability of these shaped catalysts were tested at relatively high potentials (@0.9 V vs RHE) and at lower current densities using the rotating disk electrode, which is less suitable for assessing their behavior under the operating conditions of PEMFCs.

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Dissecting AI-based mutation prediction in lung adenocarcinoma: A comprehensive real-world study.

Eur J Cancer

November 2024

Institute of Pathology, Charité Universitätsmedizin, Berlin, Germany; BIFOLD, Berlin, Germany; German Cancer Consortium, German Cancer Research Center (DKTK/DKFZ), Munich Partner Site, Germany; Institute of Pathology, LMU München, München, Germany. Electronic address:

Introduction: Molecular profiling of lung cancer is essential to identify genetic alterations that predict response to targeted therapy. While deep learning shows promise for predicting oncogenic mutations from whole tissue images, existing studies often face challenges such as limited sample sizes, a focus on earlier stage patients, and insufficient analysis of robustness and generalizability.

Methods: This retrospective study evaluates factors influencing mutation prediction accuracy using the large Heidelberg Lung Adenocarcinoma Cohort (HLCC), a cohort of 2356 late-stage FFPE samples.

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Short-term vital parameter forecasting in the intensive care unit: A benchmark study leveraging data from patients after cardiothoracic surgery.

PLOS Digit Health

September 2024

Department of Cardiothoracic and Vascular Surgery, Deutsches Herzzentrum der Charité (DHZC), Berlin, Germany.

Patients in an Intensive Care Unit (ICU) are closely and continuously monitored, and many machine learning (ML) solutions have been proposed to predict specific outcomes like death, bleeding, or organ failure. Forecasting of vital parameters is a more general approach to ML-based patient monitoring, but the literature on its feasibility and robust benchmarks of achievable accuracy are scarce. We implemented five univariate statistical models (the naïve model, the Theta method, exponential smoothing, the autoregressive integrated moving average model, and an autoregressive single-layer neural network), two univariate neural networks (N-BEATS and N-HiTS), and two multivariate neural networks designed for sequential data (a recurrent neural network with gated recurrent unit, GRU, and a Transformer network) to produce forecasts for six vital parameters recorded at five-minute intervals during intensive care monitoring.

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We established a longitudinal acute slice preparation of transgenic mouse optic nerve to characterize membrane properties and coupling of glial cells by patch-clamp and dye-filling, complemented by immunohistochemistry. Unlike in cortex or hippocampus, the majority of EGFP + cells in optic nerve of the hGFAP-EGFP transgenic mouse, a tool to identify astrocytes, were characterized by time and voltage dependent K-currents including A-type K-currents, properties previously described for NG2 glia. Indeed, the majority of transgene expressing cells in optic nerve were immunopositive for NG2 proteoglycan, whereas only a minority show GFAP immunoreactivity.

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