Germline variants in CDKN2A wild-type melanoma prone families.

Germline pathogenic variants in CDKN2A are well established as an underlying cause of familial malignant melanoma. While pathogenic variants in other genes have also been linked to melanoma, most familial cases remain unexplained. We assessed pathogenic germline variants in 360 cancer-related genes in 56 Norwegian melanoma-prone families.

Revealing the clinical relevance of .

Unlabelled: , previously misidentified as , was first described as a new species in 2020. In this study, we aimed to describe the clinical relevance of by combining clinical data, antibiotic susceptibility profiles, and biofilm formation in isolates obtained from hospitalized and non-hospitalized patients. We established a collection of 129 .

Influence of instrument choice on fear of childbirth after assisted vaginal delivery: A secondary analysis of the Bergen birth study.

Introduction: Assisted vaginal delivery has been associated with a negative childbirth experience and the development of secondary fear of childbirth, although it is less consistent than emergency Cesarean delivery. Whether the choice of instrument influences this, and the woman's preference for delivery mode in a potential subsequent pregnancy, is unknown. Our objective was to assess the association between the choice of instrument during assisted vaginal delivery, secondary fear of childbirth, and preference for an elective Cesarean delivery in a potential subsequent pregnancy.

Toward European harmonization of national myasthenia gravis registries: modified Delphi procedure-based expert consensus on collectable data.

Background: Myasthenia gravis (MG) is a rare autoimmune disorder. Several new treatment concepts have emerged in recent years, but access to these treatments varies due to differing national reimbursement regulations, leading to disparities across Europe. This highlights the need for high-quality data collection by stakeholders to establish MG registries.

Tocilizumab for Painful Chronic Pancreatitis (TOPAC trial): Protocol for a phase 2 randomized, placebo-controlled, double-blind, investigator-initiated trial.

Background: Chronic pancreatitis (CP) is a fibro-inflammatory disease that damages the pancreas, leading to severe abdominal pain and metabolic complications. Activated macrophages and pancreatic stellate cells drive CP progression, and their activity is regulated by complex immune signals, including interleukin-6 (IL-6). Preclinical studies suggest that blocking IL-6 signalling may have pain-relieving effects in CP.

Aire Mutations and Autoimmune Diseases.

Autoimmune diseases were first recognized by Mackay and Macfarlane Burnet in 1962 (Burnet and Mackay 1962). It is defined as the failure of an organism to tolerate its own cells and tissue, resulting in an aberrant immune response by lymphocytes (T-cell-driven disease) and/or antibodies (B-cell-driven disease). Autoimmune diseases can be divided into systemic autoimmune diseases and specific organ- or body-system diseases, including the endocrine, gastro-intestinal, and neurological systems, and it's not uncommon for individuals to experience multiple autoimmune conditions simultaneously.

Pupils' participation roles in school-based physical activity in the context of physically active learning and recess: experiences from Norwegian and Estonian primary and secondary school pupils.

Introduction: The role of pupil participation in school-based physical activity is an often overlooked element despite the increasing interest in pupils' voices in policy development and research. Pupil participation is here defined as collaborative actions involving pupils and school stakeholders that influence decision-making processes in school-based physical activity. This study was conducted to explore how the 10- and 15-year-old pupils perceive their participation roles in school-based physical activity connected to age and the contexts of physically active learning and recess in various schools in Norway and Estonia.

The repeatable battery for the assessment of neuropsychological status (RBANS) and substance use disorders: a systematic review.

Background: Cognitive deficits are prevalent among substance use disorder (SUD) patients and affect treatment retention and outcome. The Repeatable Battery for the Assessment of Neuropsychological Status (RBANS) is a well-researched instrument in diverse patient groups and has the potential to serve as an effective and accurate method for identifying cognitive impairment in SUD patients. This systematic review examines the RBANS' ability to detect cognitive impairment in SUD patients.

Congenital cytomegalovirus in eastern Uganda: prevalence and outcomes.

Background: Cytomegalovirus (CMV) infection poses risks to both maternal and neonatal health, however there are limited comprehensive data on congenital CMV in low-resource settings where the virus is widespread, particularly among women of reproductive age. Our research in eastern Uganda aimed to assess the prevalence of congenital CMV and outcomes among infants to inform public health policies and interventions in similar settings, addressing a significant gap in current knowledge.

Methods: We conducted a descriptive study, nested within the BabyGel Trial, across Mbale and Budaka districts in eastern Uganda, between May 2023 and January 2024.

Toxic and essential elements in primary teeth and maternal blood during pregnancy: The Norwegian Mother, Father and Child Cohort Study (MoBa) and the MoBaTooth Biobank.

Background: Maternal exposure to toxic and essential elements can be transferred to the fetus. Deciduous tooth dentine, formed prenatally, serves as a potential biomarker for fetal exposure.

Objective: To investigate the relationship between maternal blood Pb, Mn, Cu, Mo and Zn element concentrations and the corresponding child tooth dentine levels in mid pregnancy.

Enriched anoxic methanotrophic consortium augmentation for mitigating methane emissions in rainfed systems and climate-neutral rice production.

This study demonstrated the effectiveness of enriched anoxic methanotrophic consortium augmentation in reducing methane (CH) emissions from rice cultivation while improving soil fertility and rice productivity. The enriched consortium from cattle farm effluent, dominated by Acinetobacter (65.5%) and containing both types I (Methylosarcina, Methylomagnum, and Methyloversatilis) and II (Methylocystis) methanotrophs, exhibited high methane oxidation rates (V 45.

Haplotype-based analysis distinguishes maternal-fetal genetic contribution to pregnancy-related outcomes.

Genotype-based approaches for the estimation of SNP-based narrow-sense heritability ([Formula: see text]) have limited utility in pregnancy-related outcomes due to confounding by the shared alleles between mother and child. Here, we propose a haplotype-based approach to estimate the genetic variance attributable to three haplotypes - maternal transmitted ([Formula: see text]), maternal non-transmitted ([Formula: see text]) and paternal transmitted ([Formula: see text]) in mother-child pairs. We show through extensive simulations that our haplotype-based approach outperforms the conventional and contemporary approaches for resolving the contribution of maternal and fetal effects, particularly when m1 and p1 have different effects in the offspring.

A qualitative study exploring the experiences of nurses delivering bacillus Calmette-Guérin therapy.

Background: Intravesical bacillus Calmette-Guérin (BCG) is an effective treatment for preventing recurrence and progression of non-muscle-invasive bladder cancer; however, patients often withdraw early from the treatment. Nurses have an integral role in delivering and overseeing treatment. The aim of this study was to explore nurses' perspectives on the factors that contribute to patients successfully completing BCG treatment.

Evaluation of in vivo fish and amphibian endocrine test guideline assays: current status and future needs.

Endocrine pathways are crucial in regulating physiological functions in organisms, including growth and development, metabolism, tissue function, and reproduction. Exposure to endocrine disrupting chemicals (EDCs) can interfere with normal hormonal function and lead to adverse effects in organisms and/or their offspring. As a result, regulatory testing and assessment requirements have been implemented to identify and regulate EDCs-defined by the World Health Organization as chemicals that alter the function of an endocrine system and cause "subsequent adverse effects in an intact organism, its progeny, or (sub)populations" - although the approaches taken for assessment vary worldwide.

The prevalence of childhood bullying and violence victimization and subsequent risk of adult revictimization in the Norwegian population: A cross-sectional study.

Revictimization research has largely ignored bullying victimization, and knowledge of the association between childhood bullying and adulthood revictimization is scarce. Research is also needed to explore whether bullying exposure in combination with childhood violence exacerbates the risk of revictimization. This study sought to address these research gaps in a national probability sample of Norwegian adults (N = 4,299, age range: 18-74 years).

Management of gastrointestinal bleed in the intensive care setting, an updated literature review.

Gastrointestinal (GI) bleeding is a critical and potentially life-threatening condition frequently observed in the intensive care unit (ICU). This literature review consolidates current insights on the epidemiology, etiology, management, and outcomes of GI bleeding in critically ill patients. GI bleeding remains a significant concern, especially among patients with underlying risk factors such as coagulopathy, mechanical ventilation, and renal failure.

Night work and sleep debt are associated with infections among Norwegian nurses.

This study investigates possible associations between sleep duration, sleep debt and shift work characteristics, and self-reported infections among 1335 Norwegian nurses (90.4% females, mean age 41.9 y).

Inflammatory markers after supplementation with marine n-3 or plant n-6 PUFAs: a randomized double-blind crossover study.

n-3 (e.g., EPA/DHA) and n-6 (e.

Associations of parental air pollution and greenness exposures with offspring asthma outcomes.

Background: Air pollution and greenness impact respiratory health, but intergenerational effects remain unclear.We investigated whether pre-conception parental residential exposure to air pollution and greenness at age 20-44 years is associated with offspring asthma outcomes in the Lifespan and inter-generational respiratory effects of exposures to greenness and air pollution (Life-GAP) project.

Methods: We analyzed data on 3684 RHINESSA study participants born after the year 1990 (mean age 19, standard deviation 4), offspring of 2689 RHINE study participants.

Taking the competitor's pill: When combination therapies enter pharmaceutical markets.

We study the competitive effects of combination therapies in pharmaceutical markets, which crucially hinge on the additional therapeutic value of combinatory use of drugs and the therapeutic substitutability with the most relevant monotherapy. If the therapeutic value is sufficiently large, the introduction of combination therapies leads to higher prices and, somewhat paradoxically, may reduce the health plan's surplus, defined as total health benefits net of drug expenditures. If the firms are allowed to coordinate their price setting, this will lead to higher prices under uniform pricing but lower prices under indication-based pricing.

Professional roles in transformation through sharing rituals: a critical ethnographic study of Norwegian Recovery Colleges.

Recovery colleges (RCs) represent an innovation in mental health services. Facilitators with experiential knowledge or formal mental health training collaborate with students with lived experience or formal training to deliver courses in RCs. This paper examines the transformation of roles when co-creating new mental health services.

Size selection in sampling nets leads to underestimation of microplastic pollution.

Microplastic (MP) contamination in marine environments is a growing concern; however, the selectivity of sampling nets can introduce significant biases in MP pollution monitoring and assessments, particularly for smaller MPs, leading to an underestimation of their presence and complicating data comparability across studies. This study addresses this challenge by developing a new selectivity model that accounts for the biases in assessments. Further, it provides a robust framework for correcting MP concentration data.