The Gut Microbiota's Role in Neurological, Psychiatric, and Neurodevelopmental Disorders.

Aim: This article aims to explore the role of the human gut microbiota (GM) in the pathogenesis of neurological, psychiatric, and neurodevelopmental disorders, highlighting its influence on health and disease, and investigating potential therapeutic strategies targeting GM modulation.

Materials And Methods: A comprehensive analysis of the gut microbiota's composition and its interaction with the human body, particularly, its role in neurological and psychiatric conditions, is provided. The review discusses factors influencing GM composition, including birth mode, breastfeeding, diet, medications, and geography.

The Role of Macronutrients and Gut Microbiota in Neuroinflammation Post-Traumatic Brain Injury: A Narrative Review.

Traumatic brain injury (TBI) represents a multifaceted pathological condition resulting from external forces that disrupt neuronal integrity and function. This narrative review explores the intricate relationship between dietary macronutrients, gut microbiota (GM), and neuroinflammation in the TBI. We delineate the dual aspects of TBI: the immediate mechanical damage (primary injury) and the subsequent biological processes (secondary injury) that exacerbate neuronal damage.

Antibacterial and Anti-Influenza Activities of -Heterocyclic Carbene-Gold Complexes.

Background/objectives: Infectious diseases represent a serious threat due to rising antimicrobial resistance, particularly among multidrug-resistant bacteria and influenza viruses. Metal-based complexes, such as -heterocyclic carbene-gold (NHC-gold) complexes, show promising therapeutic potential due to their ability to inhibit various pathogens.

Methods: Eight NHC-gold complexes were synthesized and tested for antibacterial activity against , , and for anti-influenza activity in lung and bronchial epithelial cells infected with influenza virus A/H1N1.

sp. nov., a New Mite Species Infesting .

, or "mamey sapote", is a tropical fruit tree native to Central America and Southern Mexico, producing sweet, nutrient and vitamin-rich fruit. Several insect pests are known to infest but none have been associated with plant growth alterations. Eriophyoid mites are well known to cause plant malformations, but mites that cause this type of damage to mamey sapote have not been reported.

Functional Roles of the Charged Residues of the C- and M-Gates in the Yeast Mitochondrial NAD Transporter Ndt1p.

Mitochondrial carriers transport organic acids, amino acids, nucleotides and cofactors across the mitochondrial inner membrane. These transporters consist of a three-fold symmetric bundle of six transmembrane α-helices that encircle a pore with a central substrate binding site, whose alternating access is controlled by a cytoplasmic and a matrix gate (C- and M-gates). The C- and M-gates close by forming two different salt-bridge networks involving the conserved motifs [YF][DE]XX[KR] on the even-numbered and PX[DE]XX[KR] on the odd-numbered transmembrane α-helices, respectively.

P2 Receptor Antagonists Rescue Defective Heme Content in an In Vitro SLC25A38-Associated Congenital Sideroblastic Anemia Cell Model.

Mutations in the SLC25A38 gene are responsible for the second most common form of congenital sideroblastic anemia (CSA), a severe condition for which no effective treatment exists. We developed and characterized a K562 erythroleukemia cell line with markedly reduced expression of the SLC25A38 protein (A38-low cells). This model successfully recapitulated the main features of CSA, including reduced heme content and mitochondrial respiration, increase in mitochondrial iron, ROS levels and sensitivity to oxidative stress.

Cardiovascular Diseases in Public Health: Chromosomal Abnormalities in Congenital Heart Disease Causing Sudden Cardiac Death in Children.

Chromosomal abnormalities (CAs) are changes in the number or structure of chromosomes, manifested as alterations in the total number of chromosomes or as structural abnormalities involving the loss, duplication, or rearrangement of chromosomal segments. CAs can be inherited or can occur spontaneously, leading to congenital malformations and genetic diseases. CAs associated with cardiovascular diseases cause structural or functional alterations of the heart, affecting the cardiac chambers, valves, coronary arteries, aorta, and cardiac conduction, thus increasing the likelihood of arrhythmias, cardiac arrest, and sudden cardiac death (SCD).

The Importance of Multidimensional Frailty in Clinical Practice.

Frailty in older adults is a complex, multidimensional syndrome characterized by decreased physiological reserves and increased vulnerability to stressors [...

International Nephrology Masterclass in Chronic Kidney Disease: Rationale, Summary, and Future Perspectives.

Chronic kidney disease (CKD) is a progressive condition that affects more than 10% of the population worldwide, accounting for more than 843 million (M) individuals. The prevalence of CKD (844 M patients) is higher than that of diabetes mellitus (422 M patients), cancer (42 M patients), and HIV (37 M patients), but people are often less aware of it. Global expert groups predict reductions in the nephrology workforce in the next decade, with a declining interest in nephrology careers.

Surgical Management of Pediatric Obstructive Sleep Apnea: Efficacy, Outcomes, and Alternatives-A Systematic Review.

Aim: Obstructive sleep apnea (OSA) is the most prevalent sleep-related breathing disorder. OSA affects approximately 2 million Italians, although only 3% receive a diagnosis and correct treatment. This review aims to provide an overview to guide clinical decision making, ensuring that patients receive the most appropriate treatment for their specific condition.

Spirulina Used as Functional Feed Supplement or Alternative Protein Source: A Review of the Effects of Different Dietary Inclusion Levels on Production Performance, Health Status, and Meat Quality of Broiler Chickens.

The broiler industry is pivotal in meeting the growing global demand for highly nutritious animal protein foods. Hence, there is a continuous interest in identifying novel, alternative, and even unconventional feed resources that could help sustainably support chicken meat production and quality. In this view, the microalga Spirulina (, formerly , ), due to its unique chemical composition and some ecological advantages offered by its cultivation over traditional agriculture, has attracted great attention in the poultry sector for potential application in broiler diets, either as a functional supplement or a replacer of conventional protein sources such as soybean meal.

Updates on Inflammatory Molecular Pathways Mediated by ADAM17 in Autoimmunity.

ADAM17 is a member of the disintegrin and metalloproteinase (ADAM) family of transmembrane proteases with immunoregulatory activity in multiple signaling pathways. The functional ADAM17 is involved in the shedding of the ectodomain characterizing many substrates belonging to growth factors, cytokines, receptors, and adhesion molecules. The ADAM17-dependent pathways are known to be crucial in tumor development and progression and in the modulation of many pathological and physiological processes.

Diagnostic and Therapeutic Aspects of Monoclonal Gammopathies of Renal Significance (MGRS): An Update.

Monoclonal gammopathy of renal significance (MGRS) refers to a group of renal disorders caused by a monoclonal immunoglobulin (MIg), secreted by a non-malignant B-cell clone. Unlike overt multiple myeloma or B-cell proliferation, MGRS does not meet those diagnostic criteria. However, it is associated with significant morbidity, due to severe renal, and sometimes systemic, lesions induced by the MIg.

Evidences on the Use of Hypofractionation in Postoperative/Salvage Radiotherapy for Prostate Cancer: Systematic Review of the Literature and Recent Developments.

Background: Radical prostatectomy (RP) is one possible curative treatment for localized prostate cancer. Despite that, up to 40% of patients will later relapse. Currently, post-operative radiotherapy (PORT) courses deliver 1.

Comparative Diagnostic Efficacy of Ultrasonography and Radiography for Gas Embolism in Loggerhead () Turtles.

Sea turtles face numerous threats, often stemming from human activities, resulting in high mortality rates. One of the primary risks they encounter is posed by fishing activities. In the South Adriatic Sea, the extensive trawling fleet often impacts sea turtles, and in recent years, a specific disorder, known as gas embolism (GE), and the associated disease known as decompression sickness (DCS), has emerged as a new threat.

Improving the ONE HEALTH approach: a lesson from SARS-CoV-2 pandemic.

The emergence of SARS-CoV-2 has underscored the critical need to enhance the ONE HEALTH approach which recognizes the interconnectedness of human, animal, and environmental health. In this review we report on various animal species that were infected by SARS-CoV-2 virus during the pandemic with the aim to contribute to the One Health approach. The SARS-CoV-2 pandemic has highlighted the devastating consequences of zoonotic diseases such as COVID19 and has reiterated the critical role that the health of wildlife, domestic animals, and the environment plays in human health.

Priority actions for Fusarium head blight resistance in durum wheat: Insights from the wheat initiative.

Fusarium head blight (FHB), mainly caused by Fusarium graminearum and Fusarium culmorum, is a major wheat disease. Significant efforts have been made to improve resistance to FHB in bread wheat (Triticum aestivum), but more work is needed for durum wheat (Triticum turgidum spp. durum).

Investigating the causal pathways among psychopathological variables, cognitive impairment, and real-life functioning in people with schizophrenia.

The present study aimed to investigate the causal relationships among cognitive impairment, psychopathology, and real-life functioning in a large sample of people with schizophrenia, using a data-driven causal discovery procedure based on partial ancestral graphs (PAGs). This method may provide additional insights for the identification of potential therapeutic targets to promote recovery in people with chronic schizophrenia. State-of-the-art instruments were used to assess the study variables.

Dapagliflozin ameliorates Lafora disease phenotype in a zebrafish model.

Lafora disease (LD) is an ultra-rare and still incurable neurodegenerative condition. Although several therapeutic strategies are being explored, including gene therapy, there are currently no treatments that can alleviate the course of the disease and slow its progression. Recently, gliflozins, a series of SGLT2 transporter inhibitors approved for use in type 2 diabetes mellitus, heart failure and chronic kidney disease, have been proposed as possible repositioning drugs for the treatment of LD.

First-line immune-based combinations or sunitinib in favorable-risk metastatic renal cell carcinoma: a real-world retrospective comparison from the ARON-1 study.

Introduction: Renal cell carcinoma (RCC) is one of the most common types of urogenital cancer. The introduction of immune-based combinations, including dual immune-checkpoint inhibitors (ICI) or ICI plus tyrosine kinase inhibitors (TKIs), has radically changed the treatment landscape for metastatic RCC, showing varying efficacy across different prognostic groups based on the International Metastatic RCC Database Consortium (IMDC) criteria.

Materials And Methods: This retrospective multicenter study, part of the ARON-1 project, aimed to evaluate the outcomes of favorable-risk metastatic RCC patients treated with immune-based combinations or sunitinib.

kMetaShot: a fast and reliable taxonomy classifier for metagenome-assembled genomes.

The advent of high-throughput sequencing (HTS) technologies unlocked the complexity of the microbial world through the development of metagenomics, which now provides an unprecedented and comprehensive overview of its taxonomic and functional contribution in a huge variety of macro- and micro-ecosystems. In particular, shotgun metagenomics allows the reconstruction of microbial genomes, through the assembly of reads into MAGs (metagenome-assembled genomes). In fact, MAGs represent an information-rich proxy for inferring the taxonomic composition and the functional contribution of microbiomes, even if the relevant analytical approaches are not trivial and still improvable.

Paediatric dental trauma: insights from epidemiological studies and management recommendations.

Dental trauma is common in all age groups, although, epidemiologically, it is more common in children with studies that indicate that 15% of preschoolers and 20-25% of school-age children experience it. These injuries, which frequently call for immediate attention, can affect the hard tissues and supporting components of the teeth, and, because dental damage in deciduous teeth occurs frequently and affects speech, nutrition, and oral development, it is particularly worrying. After searching three databases, Scopus, Web of Science (WoS), and PubMed, and removing duplicates, 3,630 articles were screened, and 12 publications were included in the qualitative analysis.

Advancements and future perspectives in nutrient film technique hydroponic system: a comprehensive review and bibliometric analysis.

In the context of climate change, reducing the environmental impact of agriculture has become increasingly critical. To ensure sustainable food production, it is essential to adopt cultivation techniques that maximize resource efficiency, particularly in water and nutrient usage. The Nutrient Film Technique (NFT) is one such hydroponic system, designed to optimize water and nutrient use, making it a valuable tool for sustainable agriculture.

Veno-Arterial Extracorporeal Membrane Oxygenation (VA-ECMO) Support in New Era of Heart Transplant.

Heart failure is a serious and challenging medical condition characterized by the inability of the heart to pump blood effectively, leading to reduced blood flow to organs and tissues. Several underlying causes may be linked to this, including coronary artery disease, hypertension, or previous heart attacks. Therefore, it is a chronic condition that requires ongoing management and medical attention.