Forensic psychiatry in Turkiye.

Turkiye, with its origins in an enduring civilisation rooted in preceding Turkish states from ancient and medieval eras, possesses its own firmly established legal traditions. Legislation concerning to the mentally ill was introduced post the French Revolution in the Ottoman Empire and underwent reforms with the advent of Turkiye's modern Republic in 1923, led by Mustafa Kemal Atatürk. This remains an ongoing process of enhancement, despite the absence of a well-established mental health law.

Clinical and legal issues of inmates' food refusal: the importance of decision-making capacity assessment.

Inmates' food refusal is a large-scale phenomenon raising clinical, ethical, and professional responsibility issues. Obtaining a clinical balance of the right to refuse food with the right to protect the inmate's health can be a challenging process. Several reasons may support inmates' choice of refusing food, including political or protest reasons, as well as psychiatric disorders.

SIGMAP: an explainable artificial intelligence tool for SIGMA-1 receptor affinity prediction.

Developing sigma-1 receptor (S1R) modulators is considered a valuable therapeutic strategy to counteract neurodegeneration, cancer progression, and viral infections, including COVID-19. In this context, tools capable of accurately predicting S1R affinity are highly desirable. Herein, we present a panel of 25 classifiers trained on a curated dataset of high-quality bioactivity data of small molecules, experimentally tested as potential S1R modulators.

Robotic-assisted surgery for the treatment of urologic cancers: recent advances.

Introduction: Recent advancements in single-port surgery, robotic platforms, 3D models and artificial intelligence have transformed surgical procedures, especially in urology. These innovations enhance precision, safety, and efficacy, reducing invasiveness and recovery times. The review focuses on the latest in robotic-assisted surgery for genitourinary cancers, highlighting the shift toward personalized, minimally invasive treatments.

Different abnormalities of mismatch negativity in schizophrenia and depression as assessed with magnetoencephalography.

Mismatch negativity (MMN) is widely considered a candidate diagnostic biomarker for schizophrenia (SCZ). Although blunted MMN responses have been reliably observed in psychosis, the evidence for MMN deficits in other disorders, such as major depressive disorder (MDD), is mixed. This study explores whether MMN alterations in amplitude or latency are unique to SCZ or extend to non-psychotic MDD patients.

Intracranial hemorrhage in an infant leads to the diagnosis and treatment of severe hemophilia B: a case report.

Background: Hemophilia B is a rare bleeding disorder in males, characterized by a deficiency in coagulation factor IX (FIX). Replacement of FIX with a recombinant FIX (rFIX) fusion protein, to sustain therapeutic plasma levels, is recommended as both treatment and prophylaxis to prevent bleeding episodes, particularly intracranial hemorrhage (ICH).

Case Presentation: This case report outlines the management of ICH in a 7-month-old infant with severe hemophilia B, following an accidental trauma-related event, resulting in a thin compound fracture of the left occiput.

High level of circulating cell-free tumor DNA at diagnosis correlates with disease spreading and defines multiple myeloma patients with poor prognosis.

Multiple myeloma (MM) is a plasma cell (PC) disorder characterized by skeletal involvement at the time of diagnosis. Recently, cell-free DNA (cfDNA) has been proven to recapitulate the heterogeneity of bone marrow (BM) disease. Our aim was to evaluate the prognostic role of cfDNA at diagnosis according to disease distribution, and to investigate the role of the MM microenvironment inflammatory state in supplying the release of cfDNA.

The international Hip Outcome Tool 12 questionnaire (iHOT-12): an Italian language cross-cultural adaptation and validation.

Background: Patient-reported outcome (PRO) measures are essential for evaluating disease-related quality of life. The International Hip Outcome Tool 12 (iHOT12) assesses various aspects of hip-related symptoms, function, sports participation, and social limitations. This study aimed to adapt and validate an Italian version of the iHOT12 according to COnsensus-based Standards for the selection of health Measurement INstruments (COSMIN) guidelines.

Ruminative thinking mediates the effects of exposure to adverse life events on psychotic-like experiences.

Introduction: A growing literature has shown that exposure to adverse life events during childhood or adolescence is associated with the presence of psychotic-like experiences (PLEs), which is in turn associated with the risk of psychotic outcomes. Ruminative thinking, i.e.

Irisin Treatment Prevents Isoproterenol-Induced Cardiac Fibrosis in Mice.

Background: Cardiac fibrosis is a pathophysiological process that occurs as the end stage of cardiovascular diseases. Irisin is a myokine secreted mainly by skeletal muscle exerting pleiotropic effects. Previous studies found altered irisin levels in patients with cardiovascular diseases and irisin has been shown to preserve cardiac function after ischemia-reperfusion injury in mice.

Sodium-Glucose Cotransporter 2 Inhibitors Improve Body Composition by Increasing the Skeletal Muscle Mass/Fat Mass Ratio in Patients with Type 2 Diabetes: A 52-Week Prospective Real-Life Study.

Background: Sodium-glucose cotransporter 2 inhibitors (SGLT2is) induce body weight loss, but their effect on skeletal muscle mass (SMM) and strength needs to be better elucidated.

Objectives: This study aimed to evaluate the effects of SGLT2i on SMM in a real-life population setting of patients with type 2 diabetes (T2D). Secondary outcomes included changes in liver steatosis and in anthropometric and glucometabolic parameters.

Demonstrating the Efficacy of Core-Shell Silica Catalyst in Depolymerizing Polycarbonate.

Polycarbonate (PC) is a highly versatile plastic material that is extensively utilized across various industries due to its superior properties, including high impact strength and heat resistance. However, its durability presents significant challenges for recycling and waste management. Polycarbonate is a thermoplastic polymer representative of the class of condensation reaction polymers obtained from the reaction of bisphenol A (BPA) and a carbonyl source, such as phosgene or alkyl and aryl carbonate.

Effectiveness and Personalized Approaches in the Correction of Gummy Smile: A Systematic Review of Orthodontic and Surgical Treatments.

This systematic review seeks to assess the effectiveness of different orthodontic and combined orthodontic-surgical approaches for correcting gummy smile, with a focus on treatment efficacy, duration, and the potential for integrating various techniques. The objective is to offer evidence-based recommendations for the optimal management of gummy smile. A thorough search of the literature was conducted in the PubMed, Cochrane Library, Scopus, and Web of Science databases, covering publications from 1 January 1982 to 4 November 2024.

Improving Diagnosis and Management of Opioid-Induced Constipation (OIC) in Clinical Practice: An Italian Expert Opinion.

Opioid-induced constipation (OIC) is a very common and troublesome gastrointestinal side effect following the use of opioids. Despite existing international guidelines, OIC is largely underdiagnosed and undertreated. ECHO OIC is a European project designed to improve the diagnosis and management of OIC at the primary care level.

Unraveling the Role of the Human Gut Microbiome in Health and Diseases.

The human gut is a complex ecosystem that supports billions of living species, including bacteria, viruses, archaea, phages, fungi, and unicellular eukaryotes. Bacteria give genes and enzymes for microbial and host-produced compounds, establishing a symbiotic link between the external environment and the host at both the gut and systemic levels. The gut microbiome, which is primarily made up of commensal bacteria, is critical for maintaining the healthy host's immune system, aiding digestion, synthesizing essential nutrients, and protecting against pathogenic bacteria, as well as influencing endocrine, neural, humoral, and immunological functions and metabolic pathways.