Nighttime light extent and intensity explain the dynamics of human activity in coastal zones.

Studying human activity in coastal areas is crucial for urban planning, sustainability, and economic development. However, there is limited evidence of ongoing monitoring of human activities in these areas. Thus, a quantitative analysis of the spatio-temporal changes, trends, and variability of Nighttime light (NTL) in the Italian Coastal Zone over the past decade (2014-2023) was conducted to assess human activity dynamics.

Decisional capacity to consent to treatment in children and adolescents: A systematic review.

Obtaining informed consent in vulnerable populations like children and adolescents, is a relevant issue and raises ethical concerns. Minors are considered unable to consent to treatment, and permission from guardians is required for them. Nevertheless, several studies have been carried out on the competence of pediatric patients, with mixed results.

Anterior Cruciate Ligament Reconstruction with LARS Synthetic Ligament: Outcomes and Failures.

Anterior cruciate ligament (ACL) injuries are common in athletes, but their prevalence has also increased among adults. ACL reconstruction (ACLR) is a key treatment option, with graft choice playing a critical role in recovery. The study evaluates the clinical and functional outcomes of ACLR using the Ligament Augmentation and Reconstruction System (LARS) in patients over 35 years old.

Progress and Challenges in Integrating Nutritional Care into Oncology Practice: Results from a National Survey on Behalf of the NutriOnc Research Group.

Introduction: Nutritional care is a cornerstone of cancer treatment, with the potential to significantly improve patient outcomes by addressing malnutrition and enhancing recovery. Despite growing awareness, the integration of evidence-based nutritional strategies into oncology remains inconsistent. Following a 2020 survey that highlighted critical gaps, the NutriOnc Research Group launched targeted initiatives to raise awareness and improve practices.

The Unripe Carob Extract ( L.) as a Potential Therapeutic Strategy to Fight Oxaliplatin-Induced Neuropathy.

Background: Oxaliplatin-induced neuropathy (OIN) is a severe painful condition that strongly affects the patient's quality of life and cannot be counteracted by the available drugs or adjuvants. Thus, several efforts are devoted to discovering substances that can revert or reduce OIN, including natural compounds. The carob tree, L.

Role of Increasing Body Mass Index in Gut Barrier Dysfunction, Systemic Inflammation, and Metabolic Dysregulation in Obesity.

Aims: This study explores the link between body mass index (BMI), intestinal permeability, and associated changes in anthropometric and impedance parameters, lipid profiles, inflammatory markers, fecal metabolites, and gut microbiota taxa composition in participants having excessive body mass.

Methods: A cohort of 58 obese individuals with comparable diet, age, and height was divided into three groups based on a priori clustering analyses that fit with BMI class ranges: Group I (25-29.9), Group II (30-39.

Gene-Based Molecular Tools to Improve Quantitative Detection of the Mycotoxigenic Fungus .

Ochratoxin A (OTA) is a mycotoxin, a common contaminant of grapes and their derivatives, such as wine, and classified as possible human carcinogen (group 2B) by the International Agency for Research on Cancer (IARC). is the main producer of OTA in grapes. The stability of the molecule and the poor availability of detoxification systems makes the control of in vineyards the main strategy used to reduce OTA contamination risk.

In Vitro Toxicity of a DEHP and Cadmium Mixture on Sheep Cumulus-Oocyte Complexes.

Di-(2-ethylhexyl) phthalate (DEHP) and Cadmium (Cd) affect female reproduction. To date, toxicological research has focused on the effects of individual contaminants, whereas living beings are exposed to mixtures. This study analyzed the effects of a DEHP/Cd mixture on nuclear and cytoplasmic maturation of sheep cumulus-oocyte complexes (COCs) compared with single compounds.

High Incidence of Isolated Tumor Cells in Sentinel Node Biopsies of Thin Melanomas: A Potential Factor in the Paradoxical Prognosis of Stage IIIA Cutaneous Melanoma?

: This study aims to evaluate whether the presence of isolated tumor cells (ITCs) correlates with specific stages of cutaneous melanoma, potentially shedding light on their prognostic significance and the paradoxical survival outcomes in stage IIIA. : This study analyzed cases of sentinel lymph node biopsies for cutaneous melanoma between 2021 and 2023. It included patients with CM diagnoses, available histological slides, and clinical information about the neoplasia stage.

Choriocapillaris flow in two different patterns of exudative type 1 macular neovascularization.

Background: To compare the characteristics of type 1 macular neovascularization (MNV) and the surrounding choriocapillaris (CC) perfusion in patients with neovascular age-related macular degeneration (nAMD) versus those with pachychoroid neovasculopathy (PNV) using swept-source optical coherence tomography angiography (SS-OCTA).

Methods: This retrospective study included 64 treatment-naïve eyes (37 nAMD, 27 PNV) with type 1 MNV. SS-OCTA images were analysed to measure MNV area and perimeter, and CC flow deficits (FD) in five concentric rings surrounding the lesion.

Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease: A narrative synthesis of its hallmarks for palliative care clinicians.

Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) is a life-limiting condition and the third leading cause of death worldwide. People with COPD experience physical and psychological symptoms and functional limitations that impair their quality of life. Their caregivers face adverse clinical outcomes due to personal, social, and financial demands.

A claudin5-binding peptide enhances the permeability of the blood-brain barrier in vitro.

The blood-brain barrier (BBB) maintains brain homeostasis but also prevents most drugs from entering the brain. No paracellular diffusion of solutes is allowed because of tight junctions that are made impermeable by the expression of claudin5 (CLDN5) by brain endothelial cells. The possibility of regulating the BBB permeability in a transient and reversible fashion is in strong demand for the pharmacological treatment of brain diseases.

Characterization of mint virus C, a new member of the genus Carlavirus.

Here, we report the complete genome sequence of a new carlavirus causing mosaic on mint plants in Italy, which we have tentatively named "mint virus C" (MVC). Flexuous particles of around 600 nm were observed using transmission electron microscopy, and next-generation sequencing was performed to determine the nucleotide sequence of the MVC genome, which was found to be 8558 nt long, excluding the poly(A) tail, and shows the typical organization of a carlavirus. The putative proteins encoded by MVC are 44-56% identical to the closest matches in the NCBI database, suggesting that MVC should be considered a member of a new species in the genus Carlavirus.

Measuring water pollution effects on antimicrobial resistance through explainable artificial intelligence.

Antimicrobial resistance refers to the ability of pathogens to develop resistance to drugs designed to eliminate them, making the infections they cause more difficult to treat and increasing the likelihood of disease diffusion and mortality. As such, antimicrobial resistance is considered as one of the most significant and universal challenges to both health and society, as well as the environment. In our research, we employ the explainable artificial intelligence paradigm to identify the factors that most affect the onset of antimicrobial resistance in diversified territorial contexts, which can vary widely from each other in terms of climatic, economic and social conditions.

Supplying LSD1 with FAD in pancreatic cancer: A matter of protein-protein interaction?

Lysine-specific demethylase 1 (LSD1) is a key regulator in cancer epigenetic, and its activity is reliant on flavin adenine dinucleotide (FAD) as a cofactor. In this study, we investigated the correlation between LSD1 and FAD synthase isoform 2 (FADS2) protein levels in pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma (PDAC) cell lines. We first assessed LSD1 protein and mRNA levels in mutant p53-expressing PANC-1 and MiaPaCa2 cells and p53-null AsPc-1 cells, compared to human pancreatic ductal epithelial (HPDE) controls.

Evaluating ADHD medication trial representativeness: a Swedish population-based study comparing hypothetically trial-eligible and trial-ineligible individuals.

Background: Randomised controlled trials (RCTs) evaluating ADHD medications often use strict eligibility criteria, potentially limiting generalisability to patients in real-world clinical settings. We aimed to identify the proportion of individuals with ADHD who would be ineligible for medication RCTs and evaluate differences in treatment patterns and clinical and functional outcomes between RCT-eligible and RCT-ineligible individuals.

Methods: We used multiple Swedish national registries to identify individuals with ADHD, aged at least 4 years at the age of diagnosis, initiating pharmacological treatment between Jan 1, 2007, and Dec 31, 2019, with follow-up up to Dec 31, 2020.

Prognostic Value of Myocardial CT-ECV in Severe Aortic Stenosis Requiring Aortic Valve Replacement: A Systematic Review and Meta-analysis.

Aim: Computed tomography (CT)-derived extracellular volume fraction (ECV) is a non-invasive method to quantify myocardial fibrosis. Evaluating CT-ECV during aortic valve replacement (AVR) planning CT in severe aortic stenosis (AS) may aid prognostic stratification. This meta-analysis evaluated the prognostic significance of CT-ECV in severe AS necessitating AVR.

Pre-biologic FeNO might predict anti-IL-5/IL-5Rα response to treatment in severe asthmatics.

Objective: It remains unclear whether baseline FeNO levels can predict response to anti-IL5/5R biologic treatment in patients with severe asthma.

Methods: We recruited 104 patients with severe eosinophilic asthma treated with anti-IL5/anti-IL5R for at least one year who had measured FeNO values before the beginning of anti-eosinophilic treatment. Population was divided into subjects with FeNO < 25 and ≥25 ppb.

Evolution of autoimmune diagnostics over the past 10 years: lessons learned from the UK NEQAS external quality assessment EQA programs.

Objectives: External quality assessment (EQA) programs play a pivotal role in harmonizing laboratory practices, offering users a benchmark system to evaluate their own performance and identify areas requiring improvement. The objective of this study was to go through and analyze the UK NEQAS "Immunology, Immunochemistry and Allergy" EQA reports between 2012 and 2021 to assess the overall level of harmonization in autoimmune diagnostics and identify areas requiring improvement for future actions.

Methods: The EQA programs reviewed included anti-nuclear (ANA), anti-dsDNA, anti-centromere, anti-extractable nuclear antigen (ENA), anti-phospholipids, anti-neutrophil cytoplasm (ANCA), anti-proteinase 3 (PR3), anti-myeloperoxidase (MPO), anti-glomerular basement membrane (GBM), rheumatoid factor (RF), anti-citrullinated protein antibodies (ACPA), mitochondrial (AMA), liver-kidney-microsomal (LKM), smooth muscle (ASMA), APCA, and celiac disease antibodies.

Outcomes and prognostic indicators in daratumumab-refractory multiple myeloma: a multicenter real-world study of elotuzumab, pomalidomide, and dexamethasone in 247 patients.

Background: Daratumumab-refractory multiple myeloma (Dara-R MM) presents a significant treatment challenge. This study aimed to evaluate the efficacy and survival outcomes of elotuzumab, pomalidomide, and dexamethasone (EloPd) in a large, real-world cohort of patients with Dara-R MM, with particular focus on progression-free survival (PFS) and overall survival (OS).

Materials And Methods: This retrospective analysis included 247 Dara-R MM patients treated with EloPd.

Mental Health Care Utilization and Prescription Rates Among Children, Adolescents, and Young Adults in France.

Importance: Amid escalating mental health challenges among young individuals, intensified by the COVID-19 pandemic, analyzing postpandemic trends is critical.

Objective: To examine mental health care utilization and prescription rates for children, adolescents, and young adults before and after the COVID-19 pandemic.

Design, Setting, And Participants: This population-based time trend study used an interrupted time series analysis to examine mental health care and prescription patterns among the French population 25 years and younger.

EEG Microstates in the Study of Attention-Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder: A Review of Preliminary Evidence.

Attention-deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) is a neurobiological condition that affects both children and adults. Microstate (MS) analyses, a data-driven approach that identifies stable patterns in EEG signals, offer valuable insights into the neurophysiological characteristics of ADHD. This review summarizes findings from 13 studies that applied MS analyses to resting-state and task-based brain activity in individuals with ADHD.

Unusual anatomic variation: The posterior inferior cerebellar artery arising from the middle meningeal artery.

An adult patient was admitted to our emergency department for a first episode of generalized tonic-clonic seizure. Computed tomography scan and magnetic resonance imaging showed a temporal intracranial hemorrhage and parenchymal edema caused by a dural arteriovenous fistula (DAVF), whose angioarchitecture was better understood through the DSA which showed as intriguing and rare vascular anomaly the origin of the posterior inferior cerebellar artery (PICA) from the middle meningeal artery (MMA). The endovascular treatment of the DAVF was then successfully performed.

Immune Response Against SARS-CoV-2.

The immune response to SARS-CoV-2 infection is highly complex, involving a dynamic interplay between the innate and adaptive immune systems [...