Colorectal carcinogenesis in the Lynch syndromes and familial adenomatous polyposis: trigger events and downstream consequences.

Carcinogenesis encompasses processes that lead to increased mutation rates, enhanced cellular division (tumour growth), and invasive growth. Colorectal cancer (CRC) carcinogenesis in carriers of pathogenic APC (path_APC) and pathogenic mismatch repair gene (path_MMR) variants is initiated by a second hit affecting the corresponding wild-type allele. In path_APC carriers, second hits result in the development of multiple adenomas, with CRC typically emerging after an additional 20 years.

Accuracy and clinical applicability of plasma tau 181 and 217 for Alzheimer's disease diagnosis in a memory clinic cohort.

Plasma tau phosphorylated at threonine 181 (p-tau181) and 217 (p-tau217) have demonstrated high accuracy for Alzheimer's disease (AD) diagnosis, defined by CSF/PET amyloid beta (Aβ) positivity, but most studies have been performed in research cohorts, limiting their generalizability. We studied plasma p-tau217 and p-tau181 for CSF Aβ status discrimination in a cohort of consecutive patients attending an academic memory clinic in Spain (July 2019-June 2024). All patients had CSF AD biomarkers performed as part of their routine clinical assessment.

Liver resection in stage 0-A HCC in segments 7/8: a propensity-matched analysis comparing open, laparoscopic, and robotic approach.

Background: Both laparoscopic hepatectomy (LH) and robotic hepatectomy (RH) have been performed for tumors in nearly all liver segments. However, few studies have compared the outcomes of patients who underwent open hepatectomy (OH), LH and RH for the treatment of Barcelona Clinic Liver Cancer (BCLC) stage 0-A HCC in S7/8.

Methods: The clinical data of patients who underwent S7/8 resection for the treatment of BCLC stage 0-A HCC in the First Affiliated Hospital of Guangxi Medical University from July 2017 to July 2023 were retrospectively collected.

YAT2150 is irresistible in Plasmodium falciparum and active against Plasmodium vivax and Leishmania clinical isolates.

We recently characterized the potent antiplasmodial activity of the aggregated protein dye YAT2150, whose presumed mode of action is the inhibition of protein aggregation in the malaria parasite. Using single-dose and ramping methods, assays were done to select Plasmodium falciparum parasites resistant to YAT2150 concentrations ranging from 3× to 0.25× the in vitro IC of the compound (in the two-digit nM range) and performed a cross-resistance assessment in P.

Cushing syndrome.

Cushing syndrome (CS) is a constellation of signs and symptoms caused by excessive exposure to exogenous or endogenous glucocorticoid hormones. Endogenous CS is caused by increased cortisol production by one or both adrenal glands (adrenal CS) or by elevated adrenocorticotropic hormone (ACTH) secretion from a pituitary tumour (Cushing disease (CD)) or non-pituitary tumour (ectopic ACTH secretion), which stimulates excessive cortisol production. CS is associated with severe multisystem morbidity, including impaired cardiovascular and metabolic function, infections and neuropsychiatric disorders, which notably reduce quality of life.

Nephrectomy in Autosomal Dominant Polycystic Kidney Disease: A consensus statement of the ERA Genes & Kidney Working Group.

A substantial number of patients with Autosomal Dominant Polycystic Kidney Disease (ADPKD) undergo a nephrectomy, especially in work-up for a kidney transplantation. Currently, there is no evidence-based algorithm to guide clinicians which patients should undergo nephrectomy, the optimal timing of this procedure, or the preferred surgical technique. This systematic review-based consensus statement aimed to answer important questions regarding nephrectomy in ADPKD.

Heterogeneity of the Treatment Effect with PARP Inhibitors in Metastatic Castration-resistant Prostate Cancer: A Living Interactive Systematic Review and Meta-analysis.

Background And Objective: Selection of patients harboring mutations in homologous recombination repair (HRR) genes for treatment with a PARP inhibitor (PARPi) is challenging in metastatic castration-resistant prostate cancer (mCRPC). To gain further insight, we quantitatively assessed the differential efficacy of PARPi therapy among patients with mCRPC and different HRR gene mutations.

Methods: This living meta-analysis (LMA) was conducted using the Living Interactive Evidence synthesis framework.

KDIGO 2025 clinical practice guideline for the evaluation, management, and treatment of autosomal dominant polycystic kidney disease (ADPKD): executive summary.

The Kidney Disease: Improving Global Outcomes (KDIGO) 2025 Clinical Practice Guideline for the Evaluation, Management, and Treatment of Autosomal Dominant Polycystic Kidney Disease (ADPKD) represents the first KDIGO guideline on this subject. Its scope includes nomenclature, diagnosis, prognosis, and prevalence; kidney manifestations; chronic kidney disease (CKD) management and progression, kidney failure, and kidney replacement therapy; therapies to delay progression of kidney disease; polycystic liver disease; intracranial aneurysms and other extrarenal manifestations; lifestyle and psychosocial aspects; pregnancy and reproductive issues; pediatric issues; and approaches to the management of people with ADPKD. The guideline has been developed with patient partners, clinicians, and researchers around the world, with the goal to generate a useful resource for healthcare providers and patients by providing actionable recommendations.

Prevalence and severity of anxiety, stress, and depression in long COVID among adults in Barcelona.

Background: The COVID-19 pandemic's long-term mental health implications are increasingly concerning, especially among patients suffering post-acute sequelae of SARS-CoV-2 infection: Long COVID (LC) patients.

Aim: This study explores the presence and distribution of anxiety, depression, and stress in LC individuals with cognitive complaints in northern Barcelona (Spain).

Design & Settings: This cross-sectional study involved 155 diagnosed LC individuals from the "Aliança ProHEpiC-19 Cognitiu (APC)" project.

Fluid fluctuations assessed with artificial intelligence during the maintenance phase impact anti-vascular endothelial growth factor visual outcomes in a multicentre, routine clinical care national age-related macular degeneration database.

Aim: To evaluate the impact of fluid volume fluctuations quantified with artificial intelligence in optical coherence tomography scans during the maintenance phase and visual outcomes at 12 and 24 months in a real-world, multicentre, national cohort of treatment-naïve neovascular age-related macular degeneration (nAMD) eyes.

Methods: Demographics, visual acuity (VA) and number of injections were collected using the Fight Retinal Blindness tool. Intraretinal fluid (IRF), subretinal fluid (SRF), pigment epithelial detachment (PED), total fluid (TF) and central subfield thickness (CST) were quantified using the RetinAI Discovery tool.

Utility of the combination of high fluorescence cells and tumor markers for the diagnosis of malignant pleural effusions.

Background: New diagnostic tools have emerged to assist the traditional diagnosis of malignant pleural effusion (MPE), such as high fluorescence cells (HFc) and tumor markers (TMs), determined by clinical laboratory automated pleural fluid workup. This study aimed to evaluate the diagnostic ability of the combination of HFc and TMs for diagnosing MPE.

Methods: We recruited hospitalized patients with pleural effusion at Parc Taulí University Hospital.

Spatiotemporal network dynamics and structural correlates in the human cerebral cortex in vitro.

Elucidating human cerebral cortex function is essential for understanding the physiological basis of both healthy and pathological brain states. We obtained extracellular local field potential recordings from cortical slices of neocortical tissue from refractory epilepsy patients. Multi-electrode recordings were combined with histological information, providing a two-dimensional spatiotemporal characterization of human cortical dynamics in control conditions and following modulation of the excitation/inhibition balance.

Gender-Equity Model for Liver Allocation using Artificial Intelligence (GEMA-AI) for waiting list liver transplant prioritization.

Background & Aims: We aimed to develop and validate an artificial intelligence score (GEMA-AI) to predict liver transplant (LT) waiting list outcomes using the same input variables contained in existing models.

Methods: Cohort study including adult LT candidates enlisted in the United Kingdom (2010-2020) for model training and internal validation, and in Australia (1998-2020) for external validation. GEMA-AI combined international normalized ratio, bilirubin, sodium, and the Royal Free Glomerular Filtration Rate in an explainable Artificial Neural Network.

A new population pharmacokinetic model for dosing optimization of zonisamide in patients with refractory epilepsy.

Zonisamide exhibits significant pharmacokinetic variability, demanding for the development of population pharmacokinetic (PopPK) models to identify key factors influencing drug disposition. This study aimed to develop and validate a PopPK to optimize zonisamide posology in patients with refractory epilepsy. A total of 114 plasma concentrations of zonisamide, obtained from 64 patients, were used for PopPK model development, employing the nonlinear mixed-effects modelling approach.

A new Mediterranean Lifestyle Pyramid for children and youth: a critical lifestyle tool for preventing obesity and associated cardiometabolic diseases in a sustainable context.

Cardiovascular risk factors begin in childhood and track into adulthood, increasing the possibility of impaired cardiometabolic health. Adopting healthy dietary patterns can help curb childhood obesity, a worrisome epidemic problem at present. In the era of personalized nutrition, dietary recommendations should be adapted to different stages of life, including children (older than 3 years) and adolescents.

Depth of focus as a function of spherical aberration using adaptive optics in pseudophakic subjects.

Purpose: To measure visual acuity at three different defocus planes in pseudophakic subjects with varying levels of spherical aberration induced by an adaptive optics visual simulator. The study aimed to simulate Extended Depth of Focus (EDOF) intraocular lenses (IOLs).

Setting: Private hospital (IMO, Barcelona, Spain).

Temporal trends and patterns in mortality from falls across 59 high-income and upper-middle-income countries, 1990-2021, with projections up to 2040: a global time-series analysis and modelling study.

Background: Deaths related to falls are a substantial public health problem worldwide, and insight into trends and differences in global fall-related deaths can be valuable for identifying prevention strategies and developing effective policies. Thus, we aimed to estimate global fall-related mortality rate trends and forecast future fall-related deaths.

Methods: In this global time-series analysis and modelling study, we investigated temporal trends in fall-related mortality rates from 1990 to 2021 using the WHO Mortality Database, following the GATHER guidelines, and forecasted trends until 2040 across 59 high-income and upper-middle-income countries.

Unveiling the EEG signatures of extrasensory perception during spiritual experiences: A single-case study with a well-renowned channeler.

Just as the brain of Albert Einstein is studied in an attempt to understand human intelligence or the bodies of elite athletes are examined to improve muscle strength, the study of people who claim to have spiritual experiences could enrich the investigation of the brain-mind relationship. Although mediumship with deceased people is widely extensively studied in spiritual experiences, we explored a mediumistic experience called "channeling" where the individual connects with a non-corporeal intelligence (NCI) source. To approach this kind of spiritual experience, we considered three hypotheses: the fraud hypothesis (i), the mental pathology hypothesis (ii), and the extrasensory perception hypothesis (iii).

Exposure to residential air pollution and the development of functional connectivity of brain networks throughout adolescence.

Background: A few studies linked air pollution to differences in functional connectivity of resting-state brain networks in children, but how air pollution exposure affects the development of brain networks remains poorly understood. Therefore, we studied the association of air pollution exposure from birth to 3 years and one year before the first imaging assessment with the development of functional connectivity across adolescence.

Methods: We utilized data from 3,626 children of the Generation R Study (The Netherlands).

Modelling the long-term dynamics and inhibitory effects of crude glycerol impurities in a methanogenic and sulfidogenic UASB bioreactor.

The performance of Upflow Anaerobic Sludge Blanket (UASB) bioreactors treating sulfate (SO) -rich effluents depends on multiple factors, including microbial interactions and operational conditions. The high complexity of these systems necessitates the use of mathematical modelling tools to better understand the process and predict the long-term impacts of various operational variables. In this work, a mathematical model describing the long-term operation of a sulfate-fed 2.

Precision Oncology: A Global Perspective on Implementation and Policy Development.

Despite the acknowledged merits of precision oncology (PO) and its increasing global implementation, its full potential for advancing care and prevention remains unrealized. The benefits are currently accessible to only limited patient segments because of multifaceted barriers. Successful implementation hinges on various factors-scientific complexities not limited to technical, clinical, regulatory, economic, administrative, and health care policy-related challenges.

Machine Learning Potential for Identifying and Forecasting Complex Environmental Drivers of Infections in the United States.

Background: Environmental change in coastal areas can drive marine bacteria and resulting infections, such as those caused by , with both foodborne and nonfoodborne exposure routes and high mortality. Although ecological drivers of in the environment have been well-characterized, fewer models have been able to apply this to human infection risk due to limited surveillance.

Objectives: The Cholera and Other Illness Surveillance (COVIS) system database has reported infections in the United States since 1988, offering a unique opportunity to both explore the forecasting capabilities machine learning could provide and to characterize complex environmental drivers of infections.

Off-label use of biologics in urticarial vasculitis: a European retrospective cohort study.

Objectives: Urticarial vasculitis (UV) is characterized by atypical urticarial lesions and leukocytoclastic vasculitis, sometimes with extracutaneous manifestations. First-line treatment is based on colchicine, hydroxychloroquine, dapsone or low-dose glucocorticoids. In refractory forms, the use of biologics has been anecdotally described as potentially effective.

Polarimetric Compressed Sensing with Hollow, Self-Assembled Diffractive Films.

Sensing light's polarization and wavefront direction enables surface curvature assessment, material identification, shadow differentiation, and improved image quality in turbid environments. Traditional polarization cameras utilize multiple sensor measurements per pixel and polarization-filtering optics, which result in reduced image resolution. We propose a nanophotonic pipeline that enables compressive sensing and reduces the sampling requirements with a low-refractive-index, self-assembled optical encoder.

Systematic review of the needs and health-related quality of life domains relevant to people surviving cancer in Europe.

Purpose: To systematically review qualitative studies on outcomes, needs, experiences, preferences, concerns and health-related quality of life (HRQoL) of people surviving cancer in Europe in the last decade.

Methods: Protocol registered ( https://www.crd.