Immunonutrition to improve the quality of life of upper gastrointestinal cancer patients undergoing neoadjuvant treatment prior to surgery (NEOIMMUNE): double-blind randomized controlled multicenter clinical trial.

Background: Malnutrition is common with esophagogastric cancers and is associated with negative outcomes. We aimed to evaluate if immunonutrition during neoadjuvant treatment improves patient's health-related quality of life (HRQOL) and reduces postoperative morbidity and toxicities during neoadjuvant treatment.

Methods: A multicenter double-blind randomized controlled trial (RCT) was undertaken.

Syndemic, mental health and living with dependent persons in Latin America and Spain: a study with a gender perspective.

Objective: To analyze the sociostructural determinants associated with mental health problems during the lockdown period among populations residing in Brazil, Chile, Ecuador, Mexico, Peru, and Spain who lived with minors or dependents, approached from a gender perspective.

Methods: A cross-sectional study was conducted in six participating countries via an adapted, self-managed online survey. People living with minors and/or dependents were selected.

Encorafenib, cetuximab and chemotherapy in BRAF-mutant colorectal cancer: a randomized phase 3 trial.

Encorafenib + cetuximab (EC) is approved for previously treated BRAF V600E-mutant metastatic colorectal cancer (mCRC) based on the BEACON phase 3 study. Historically, first-line treatment of BRAF V600E-mutant mCRC with chemotherapy regimens has had limited efficacy. The phase 3 BREAKWATER study investigated EC+mFOLFOX6 versus standard of care (SOC) in patients with previously untreated BRAF V600E mCRC.

Ferroptosis triggers mitochondrial fragmentation via Drp1 activation.

Constitutive mitochondrial dynamics ensure quality control and metabolic fitness of cells, and their dysregulation has been implicated in various human diseases. The large GTPase Dynamin-related protein 1 (Drp1) is intimately involved in mediating constitutive mitochondrial fission and has been implicated in mitochondrial cell death pathways. During ferroptosis, a recently identified type of regulated necrosis driven by excessive lipid peroxidation, mitochondrial fragmentation has been observed.

Is the Coronal Plane Alignment of the Knee (CPAK) Classification Useful to Plan Individualized Total Knee Arthroplasty Surgery for the Spanish Population? A Critical Analysis of the CPAK Classification.

Introduction: The CPAK classification aims to categorize knee phenotypes. The original study was based on Australian and Belgian population, but significant variation in CPAK distribution exists between different geographic areas. The primary objective is to evaluate knee phenotypes of osteoarthritic Spanish population based on the CPAK system.

Green solutions for treating groundwater polluted with nitrates, pesticides, antibiotics, and antibiotic resistance genes for drinking water production.

The present study evaluates for the first time the seasonal performance of an innovative green groundwater treatment. The pilot plant combines microalgae-bacteria treatment and a cork-wood biofilter to reduce nitrates, pesticides, antibiotics (ABs), and antibiotic resistance genes (ARGs) from groundwater. Groundwater had nitrate concentrations ranging from 220 to 410 mg/L, while ABs (sulfonamides and fluoroquinolones) and pesticides (triazines) were detected at concentrations ranging from a few ng/L to 150 ng/L.

Lung function-associated exposome profile in the era of climate change: Pooled analysis of 8 population-based European cohorts within the EXPANSE project.

Background: The independent and interrelated long-term effects of the exposome such as air pollution, greenness, and ambient temperature on lung function are not well understood, yet relevant in the light of climate change.

Methods: Pre-bronchodilation FEV1 from five mature birth cohorts (N = 4724) and three adult cohorts (N = 6052) from five European countries were used to assess cross-sectional associations with air pollution, greenness, and ambient temperature, assigned to their residential address. All two-way interactions and square terms were a priori included in building the final elastic net regression model.

Incidental nanoparticle characterisation in industrial settings to support risk assessment modelling.

Research on nanoparticle (NP) release and potential exposure can be assessed through experimental field campaigns, laboratory simulations, and prediction models. However, risk assessment models are typically designed for manufactured NP (MNP) and have not been adapted for incidental NP (INP) properties. A notable research gap is identifying NP sources and their chemical, physical, and toxicological properties, especially in real-world settings.

Determining the process components of impact assessment in health and social program implementation: A scoping review of theories, models and frameworks.

Objectives: Health and social service research impact analysis play a pivotal role in demonstrating research value. Impact analysis of programs, interventions, or policies in real-world settings is complex. There are many implementation evaluation theories, models, and frameworks (TMF) and researchers find choosing one challenging.

Parenthood, gender, and turning points to crime for young people in Latin America.

In very different societal contexts, parenthood has been identified as a critical turning point in life course trajectories. In this qualitative study, we explore parenthood as a turning point for 40 young women and 40 young men in prisons across Latin America. We study the impact of parenthood on criminal trajectories, identify gender differences, and analyze the different mechanisms at work.

Development of Attention-based Prediction Models for All-cause Mortality, Home Care Need, and Nursing Home Admission in Ageing Adults in Spain Using Longitudinal Electronic Health Record Data.

Predicting health-related outcomes can help with proactive healthcare planning and resource management. This is especially important on the older population, an age group growing in the coming decades. Considering longitudinal rather than cross-sectional information from primary care electronic health records (EHRs) can contribute to more informed predictions.

Usefulness of urinary biomarker-based risk score and multiparametric MRI for clinically significant prostate cancer detection in biopsy-naïve patients.

Objectives: This study aimed to investigate the accuracy of multiparametric magnetic resonance imaging (mpMRI), genetic urinary test (GUT), and prostate cancer prevention trial risk calculator version 2.0 (PCPTRC2) for the clinically significant prostate cancer (csPCa) diagnostic in biopsy-naïve patients.

Materials And Methods: In a single center study between 2021 and 2024 participants underwent prostate mpMRI, GUT, and ultrasound (US) guided biopsy.

Development and Characterization of Lyophilized Chondroitin Sulfate-Loaded Solid Lipid Nanoparticles: Encapsulation Efficiency and Stability.

This study explores the development and characterization of lyophilized chondroitin sulfate (CHON)-loaded solid lipid nanoparticles (SLN) as an innovative platform for advanced drug delivery. Solid lipid nanoparticles are increasingly recognized for their biocompatibility, their ability to encapsulate diverse compounds, their capacity to enhance drug stability, their bioavailability, and their therapeutic efficacy. CHON, a naturally occurring glycosaminoglycan with anti-inflammatory and regenerative properties, was integrated into SLN formulations using the hot microemulsion technique.

Medicinal Plant Use in North Karelia, Finland, in the 2010s.

Finnish North Karelia is a region with a rich cultural history of ethnomedicinal plant use, shaped by centuries of interactions among various ethnic groups. This study identified both similarities and divergences between local Finns, Karelians war refugees, and individuals of mixed origin compared to historical records. Based on 67 semi-structured interviews, we documented the use of 43 medicinal plant taxa from 25 families, of which 31 remain in use.

Influence of Dietary Fiber and Polyphenols During Pre-Gestation, Gestation, or Lactation on Intestinal Gene Expression.

Background/objectives: Diet composition is important for health, especially during critical periods such as pre-gestation (P), gestation (G), or lactation (S), due to its potential impact not only on the mother but on the offspring. The Mediterranean diet includes many healthy foods rich in fiber and/or polyphenols, such as whole grains, fruits, vegetables, beans, and nuts. The present preclinical study assesses the impact of a diet rich in fiber and polyphenols (HFP diet) during one of those three periods (P, G, or S, three weeks each) on the rat gene expression of the small intestine obtained at the end of the lactation period.

Psychoneurological Links Contributing to Body Mass Index and Eating Disorder Severity.

Background-objectives: Multiple dynamic interacting factors contribute to the presence and progression of eating disorders (ED). Empirical research has provided mixed findings regarding the mechanisms explaining the contribution of body mass index (BMI) to the diverse ED endophenotypes. The present study aims to evaluate the underlying processes (direct and indirect effects) contributing to BMI and ED severity, considering the contribution of multiple neuropsychological constructs.

Vitamin D Supplementation Is Associated with Inflammation Amelioration and Cognitive Improvement in Decompensated Patients with Cirrhosis.

Decompensated cirrhosis is characterized by systemic inflammation and innate and adaptive immune dysfunction. Hepatic encephalopathy (HE) is a prevalent and debilitating condition characterized by cognitive disturbances in which ammonia and inflammation play a synergistic pathogenic role. Extraskeletal functions of vitamin D include immunomodulation, and its deficiency has been implicated in immune dysfunction and different forms of cognitive impairment.

Improving Sensitivity and Resolution of Dendrimer Identification in MALDI-TOF Mass Spectrometry Using Varied Matrix Combinations.

Matrix-assisted laser desorption/ionization time-of-flight mass spectrometry (MALDI-TOF MS) is a well-known technique for polymer analysis, particularly for determining the molecular weight and structural details of dendrimers. In this study, we evaluated the performance of various matrices, such as 2',4',6'-trihydroxyacetophenone (THAP), α-cyano-4-hydroxycinnamic acid (HCCA), and sinapinic acid (SA), and their combinations, on the sensitivity and resolution of poly(amidoamine) (PAMAM) dendrimers of different generations (G3.0, G4.

Graphene/TiO Heterostructure Integrated with a Micro-Lightplate for Low-Power NO Gas Detection.

Low-power gas sensors that can be used in IoT (Internet of Things) systems, consumer devices, and point-of-care devices will enable new applications in environmental monitoring and health protection. We fabricated a monolithic chemiresistive gas sensor by integrating a micro-lightplate with a 2D sensing material composed of single-layer graphene and monolayer-thick TiO. Applying ultraviolet (380 nm) light with quantum energy above the TiO bandgap effectively enhanced the sensor responses.

Unmet Needs in the Management of Chronic Kidney Disease-Associated Pruritus and the Characteristics of the Ideal Treatment: A Spanish Cross-Sectional Survey from a Multidisciplinary Perspective.

Chronic kidney disease-associated pruritus (CKD-aP) is underdiagnosed and not fully understood by healthcare professionals, which leads to poor patient management and impacts patients' quality of life (QoL). The aim of this study was to analyse unmet needs in CKD-aP management and explore the attributes/characteristics that the ideal CKD-aP treatment should have from the perspective of a group of nephrologists, hospital pharmacists, nurses, patient representatives, and regional health authorities in Spain. A descriptive, cross-sectional study was conducted using an e-survey including ad hoc questions (6-point Likert scale) related to unmet needs in CKD-aP and best-worst scaling (BWS) to prioritise the attributes/characteristics of the ideal CKD-aP treatment.

Pain Decrement Using Radiofrequency Therapy After Knee Platelet-Rich Plasma Injections Within First 72 h in Active Populations with Patellar Chondropathy.

To determine whether 448 kHz capacitive-resistive monopolar radiofrequency (CRMR) after platelet-rich-plasma (PRP) injections can further reduce pain sensation within the first 72 h in an active population with patellar chondropathy. One-hundred fifty-three active patients with patellar chondropathy grade II-III were followed for three days after PRP injections with and without CRMR under a control-placebo study. They were clinically evaluated for pain sensation using a visual analog scale ranging from zero (no pain sensation) to ten (highest pain sensation).

Spanish Validation of the Problem Area in Diabetes-Pediatric Version Survey and Its Weak Association with Metabolic Control Parameters in Pediatric Diabetes: A Cross-Sectional Multicenter Study.

: Type 1 diabetes mellitus (T1DM) in pediatric patients often leads to emotional distress, impacting self-management. The PAID-Peds survey measures diabetes-related emotional burden but lacks a validated Spanish version. This study aimed to validate the Spanish PAID-Peds survey in children and adolescents with T1DM and correlate it with diabetic metabolic control parameters.

New Insights on Quality, Safety, Nutritional, and Nutraceutical Properties of Honeydew Honeys from Italy.

Honeydew honey is less studied than nectar honey, although it is characterized by peculiar nutritional properties. This is mainly due to its challenging production, which leads to easy counterfeiting and difficult valorization. This contribution aims to provide a comprehensive characterization of the physico-chemical, palynological, functional, and food safety properties of a large sampling of honeydew honeys collected throughout Italy.

Mechanical Behavior of PEEK and PMMA Graphene and Ti6Al4V Implant-Supported Frameworks: In Silico Study.

A comparative analysis has been carried out between three different dental materials suitable for the prostheses manufacturing. The analysis performed is based on the finite elements method (FEM) and was made to evaluate their performance under three different loading conditions. Three different materials were modeled with 3D CAD geometry, all of them suitable to be simulated by means of a linear elastic model.

Essential Oils as Bioinsecticides Against (Linnaeus, 1767): Evaluating Its Efficacy Under a Practical Framework.

Concerns about the negative effects of traditional insecticides and increasing insecticide resistance have prompted the exploration of botanical alternatives like essential oils (EOs). The registration of biocides is a mandatory procedure, and some regions have established a special status for compounds that meet specific low-risk criteria, which includes certain EOs. This study aimed to evaluate and compare the efficacy of sixteen EOs, both registered as low-risk biocides and/or standard biocides, against the German cockroach, .