Microbial boundaries in peri-implantitis: a review of pathogen-related advances.

In the field of implantology, peri-implantitis is still a common complication of implant failure. Similar to periodontal disease, this kind of pathological condition is characterized by inflammation of the tissues surrounding dental implants or fillings. The sources of infection have been shown to be chronic periodontitis and poor maintenance of the communion.

Development of a Population Pharmacokinetic Gabapentin Model Leveraging Therapeutic Drug Monitoring Concentrations.

Gabapentin has variable pharmacokinetics (PK), which contributes to difficulty in dosing and increased risk of adverse events. The objective of this study was to leverage gabapentin concentrations from therapeutic drug monitoring (TDM) to develop a population PK (popPK) model and characterize significant covariates that impact gabapentin PK. Data were retrospectively collected from 82 hospitalized adult patients with TDM gabapentin concentrations.

Advances in Corneal Diagnostics Using Machine Learning.

This paper provides comprehensive insights into the cornea and its diseases, with a particular focus on keratoconus. This paper explores the cornea's function in maintaining ocular health, detailing its anatomy, pathological conditions, and the latest developments in diagnostic techniques. Keratoconus is discussed extensively, covering its subtypes, etiology, clinical manifestations, and the application of the Q-value for quantification.

The anti ulcerogenic effect of sildenafil and moringa on ulcers in rats.

Background: Moringa and Sildenafil oleifera (MO) have been shown to mitigate the ulcerogenic effects of medications that induce ulcers in rats.

Objective: the goal of This research is to assess the combined protective effects of Sildenafil citrate and the Indian herb Moringa oleifera against indomethacin-induced gastric ulcers in rats.

Materials And Methods: Gastric ulcers were induced in rats by oral administration of indomethacin.

Determining the perceptions and practices of oncologists regarding venous thromboembolism risk assessment in ambulatory cancer patients: A qualitative study.

Cancer-associated thrombosis (CAT) can increase morbidity and mortality for cancer patients. Therefore, guidelines recommend predicting VTE risk and thromboprophylaxis for high-risk patients. Many studies critique oncologists' adherence to thromboprophylaxis guidelines for cancer patients.

Enhancing the quality of lentil proteins via combination with whey proteins based on a dual process: a novel strategy through the incorporation of complexation and fermentation.

In recent years, there has been a growing interest in developing a distinguished alternative to human consumption of animal-based proteins. The application of lentil proteins in the food industry is typically limited due to their poor solubility and digestibility. An innovative method of balancing lentil-whey protein (LP-WP) complexes with higher-quality protein properties was established to address this issue, which coupled a pH-shifting approach with fermentation treatment.

Orthodontic practice marketing: The orthodontist and laypeople's perspective.

Objective: This study aimed to comparatively evaluate the perceptions of laypeople and orthodontists regarding the usefulness of orthodontic practice websites (OPWs) and Internet-based social media (ISM) and to assess whether the content, features, and design of these online information sources meet the expectations of laypeople compared to orthodontists.

Material And Methods: A cross-sectional, nationwide study was conducted using a pretested and validated electronic questionnaire administered separately to specialist orthodontists and laypeople. A total of 136 orthodontists and 1038 laypeople voluntarily participated.

Assessment the thermoforming effect on the physical and mechanical properties of different thermoplastic orthodontic retainers: An study.

Objectives: As patients are instructed to wear thermoplastic retainers for the rest of their lives, the durability of the materials is a critical factor in evaluating whether the expense is justified. This study examined the physical and mechanical properties of three different thermoplastic retainer materials before and after thermoforming (BT and AT).

Materials And Methods: Clear Advantage Series I, Clear Advantage Series II, and Leone types were used, with each material having a thickness of 1 mm.

The effect of energy drinks on force degradation of elastomeric chains (An study).

Objectives: This study aimed to determine how three different energy drink types affected the force decay of three distinct brands of clear, short elastomeric chains over various time intervals.

Materials And Methods: In this study, 600 pieces of clear, short elastomeric chains from three brands were examined. The initial force was measured immediately using a digital scale and after 1, 7, 14, 21, and 28 days.

Induction of Epithelial-Mesenchymal Transition in Periodontitis Rat Model.

Objectives:  Epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT) is a process that shifts cellular phenotype. It is linked to several different inflammatory diseases including periodontitis. This study was conducted to investigate the involvement of the EMT process in an experimental periodontitis (EP) model.

Exploring dihydropyrimidone derivatives as modulators of carbohydrate catabolic enzyme to mitigate diabetes.

Diabetes is a prevalent and serious metabolic disorder affecting millions globally, and it poses extensive health risks due to elevated blood glucose levels. One promising approach for managing diabetes is the inhibition of α-glucosidase, an enzyme that plays a crucial role in carbohydrate metabolism. Targeting α-glucosidase can help delay glucose absorption, thus controlling postprandial blood sugar spikes.

Impact of Anemia on Clinical Outcomes in Atrial Fibrillation Patients on Oral Anticoagulants: A Prognostic Meta-Analysis.

Background: Anemia is frequently observed as a comorbidity in atrial fibrillation (AF), especially in elderly patients and in those on anticoagulation. This has been associated with poor clinical outcomes. We aim to investigate the impact of anemia on clinical outcomes in patients with AF on oral anticoagulation.

The Rising Challenge of Stroke in Iraq and the Importance of Endovascular Centers.

Stroke is a critical public health issue in Iraq, where the rising incidence is met with insufficient specialized care, often leading to severe disability or mortality. This editorial highlights the urgent need for establishing endovascular centers across the country to address these gaps. Endovascular interventions, such as mechanical thrombectomy, have proven effective in reducing stroke-related mortality and long-term disability when administered within a narrow treatment window.

Clinical relevance of midkine as a biomarker predicting atherosclerotic risk factors in individuals with type-2 diabetes mellitus: a cross-sectional study.

Objective: Midkine (MK) is a member of a small protein family that includes pleiotrophin. MK levels are elevated in obese patients and have a pro-arthrogenic effect through various pathophysiological processes including vascular inflammation and atherogenesis. This study aimed to investigate the association between serum MK levels and several atherosclerotic risk factors in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM).

Exploring the Link: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis on the Prevalence and Association Between Refractive Errors and Intermittent Exotropia.

Background And Aims: Refractive errors and intermittent exotropia are prevalent conditions in pediatric populations, impacting visual development and quality of life. Despite the co-occurrence of conditions such as myopia, hypermetropia, and astigmatism with strabismus, comprehensive analyses of their coexistence are limited. This study aims to investigate the prevalence and characteristics of refractive error among children with intermittent exotropia and find the correlation between the angle of deviation for far and near with factors like mean spherical equivalent and age.

Demographic factors, knowledge, attitude and perception and their association with nursing students' intention to use artificial intelligence (AI): a multicentre survey across 10 Arab countries.

Background: Artificial intelligence (AI) is becoming increasingly important in healthcare, with a significant impact on nursing practice. As future healthcare practitioners, nursing students must be prepared to incorporate AI technologies into their job. This study aimed to explore the associated factors with nursing students' intention to use AI.

Low Middle Income Countries and Academic Productivity of Neurosurgery: A Quantitative Analysis From Pakistan.

Neurosurgical training and practice rely heavily on research, which is a pivotal marker of academic productivity. This study investigates the current landscape of neurosurgery publications originating from Pakistan, encompassing overall research output, prevalent topics, and disparities across institutions and regions. Electronic databases, including PubMed, Scopus, Web of Science, and ScienceDirect, were systematically searched up to November 1, 2023, using specified keywords.

Hematological profile among cutaneous leishmaniasis patients before and after treatment with sodium stibogluconate in Diyala, Iraq.

Introduction: Cutaneous leishmaniasis (CL) is a common protozoan disease in Iraq characterized by localized ulcers, primarily on exposed skin. This study aimed to investigate the hematological parameters of infected patients using a complete blood count (CBC) in the endemic area of Diyala Governorate, northeast of Baghdad. This has been studied in newly diagnosed, untreated individuals and patients receiving sodium antimony gluconate.

Efficacy of Erythritol Air Polishing for Inducing Initial Healing of Shallow-to-Moderate Periodontal Pockets and Restoring Gingival Crevicular Fluid β-Catenin, 8-Hydroxy-Deoxyguanosine and Total Antioxidant Capacity: A Split-Mouth Randomised Clinical Trial.

Objective: To evaluate the efficacy of subgingival erythritol powder air polishing (EPAP) for inducing initial healing of shallow-to-moderate periodontal pockets and its effect on gingival crevicular fluid (GCF) β-catenin, 8-hydroxy-deoxyguanosine (8-OHdG) and total antioxidant capacity (TAC) levels.

Methods: This randomised, split-mouth clinical trial involved 22 periodontitis patients. Periodontal pockets (4-6 mm) were treated either by scaling and root planing (control) or EPAP followed by subgingival instrumentation 1 month later (test).

Optical and Geometrical Properties from Terahertz Time-Domain Spectroscopy Data.

Terahertz waves are nondestructive and non-ionizing to synthetic and natural materials, including polymeric and biological materials. As a result, terahertz-based spectroscopy has emerged as a suitable technique to uncover fundamental molecular mechanisms and material properties in this electromagnetic spectrum regime. In terahertz time-domain spectroscopy (THz-TDS), the material's optical properties are resolved using the raw time-domain signals collected from the sample and air reference data depending on accurate prior knowledge of the sample geometry.

Long-Term Outcomes of Bariatric Surgery in Iraq: A Call for More Research.

Bariatric surgery offers significant benefits of weight loss and improvement of comorbidities for morbidly obese patients. Significant and long-term studies around the world have shown that weight reduction is durable, with improvement in the quality of life and resolution of comorbidities after surgery. In Iraq, preliminary studies are encouraging for short-term outcomes, but there is a definite lack of long-term data.

Management of Petrous and Tentorial Dural Arteriovenous Fistulas: A Systematic Review.

The petrous and tentorial dural arteriovenous fistulas are vascular malformations that are very infrequent but highly aggressive, with a significant risk of intracranial hemorrhage and neurological deficits. Optimal management remains one of the most debated subjects, with various series reporting endovascular and microsurgical approaches. Therefore, this systematic review aims to assess the efficacy, safety, and outcomes of different treatment modalities of petrous and tentorial dural arteriovenous fistulas (DAVFs) based on clinical presentation, imaging techniques, treatment outcome, and complications arising in the course of their treatment.

Pseudo-Perception: A New Concept for Resolving the Problems of Long Instruments in Neurosurgical Interventions.

Long surgical instruments, particularly in brain endoscopy, often compromise precision and control due to the physical distance between the surgeon's hand and the instrument's tip, increasing the likelihood of tremors. Various technological solutions, including robotics, have been proposed to address this issue. This report outlines the development of a pseudo-perception system aimed at improving control over long instruments in neurosurgical procedures by manipulating visual feedback to enhance the surgeon's sense of proximity to the instrument's tip.

Jaw vs abdominal Burkitt's lymphoma: An analysis of 25 Iraqi cases.

Objectives: This study compared the clinicopathological, immunohistochemical characteristics and Epstein-Barr virus (EBV) detection of Burkitt's lymphoma (BL) in the abdomen and jaw of Iraqi patients.

Methods: A cohort/retrospective study was carried out between August and September 2024 using 25 tissue blocks (14 gnathic and 11 abdominal BL) from the Oral and Maxillofacial Laboratory, University of Baghdad, College of Dentistry, and the National Centre for Educational Laboratories. The sections were stained with haematoxylin and eosin (H&E), while CD10, CD20, Bcl-2, BCl-6, C-Myc and Ki-67 markers were used for diagnosis.