Type 1 Diabetes in care homes: A practical guide on management.

The primary purpose of the original NAPCHD project was to develop a national Strategic Document of Diabetes Care for Care Homes which has now been completed and well received as a worthwhile, sustainable, and effective guidance for delivering quality diabetes care in the UK. A Working Group of NAPCHD was established to produce a Position Statement on type 1 diabetes in care homes since this area was recommended as a topic to further develop. There are currently limited data on the prevalence and clinical outcomes associated with type 1 diabetes in care homes and management policies have been non-existent in the UK.

Automatic Recognition of Multiple Emotional Classes from EEG Signals through the Use of Graph Theory and Convolutional Neural Networks.

Emotion is a complex state caused by the functioning of the human brain in relation to various events, for which there is no scientific definition. Emotion recognition is traditionally conducted by psychologists and experts based on facial expressions-the traditional way to recognize something limited and is associated with errors. This study presents a new automatic method using electroencephalogram (EEG) signals based on combining graph theory with convolutional networks for emotion recognition.

The optimal endometrial thickness threshold for prediction of endometrial cancer in postmenopausal women without bleeding remains uncertain-Systematic review and meta-analysis.

The incidental finding of endometrial thickness (ET) >4 mm in the absence of postmenopausal bleeding (PMB) is a common cause of referring women to secondary care. However, there is lack of consensus amongst gynecologists as regards the management. It is estimated that up to 15 % of endometrial cancers occur in women without PMB.

The Experience of Phenylketonuria in Pregnancy and the Developing Maternal-Infant Relationship: A Qualitative Study.

Phenylketonuria (PKU) is a rare metabolic condition characterised by an inability to metabolise phenylalanine (Phe), found in many foods. When pregnant with PKU, women must adhere to a strict low-Phe diet. If they do not, foetal abnormalities or pregnancy loss can occur.

An Automatic Lie Detection Model Using EEG Signals Based on the Combination of Type 2 Fuzzy Sets and Deep Graph Convolutional Networks.

In recent decades, many different governmental and nongovernmental organizations have used lie detection for various purposes, including ensuring the honesty of criminal confessions. As a result, this diagnosis is evaluated with a polygraph machine. However, the polygraph instrument has limitations and needs to be more reliable.

Familial hypercholesterolaemia in UK primary care: a Clinical Practice Research Datalink study of an under-recognised condition.

Background: Studies utilising genotyping methods report the prevalence of familial hypercholesterolaemia to be as high as one in 137 of the adult population.

Aim: To estimate the prevalence of familial hypercholesterolaemia measured by clinically coded diagnosis, associated treatments, and lipid measurements observed in UK primary care.

Design And Setting: This was a retrospective analysis using the Clinical Practice Research Datalink (CPRD) GOLD database.

The Utility of CT Coronary Angiography in Chronic Total Occlusion Percutaneous Coronary Intervention.

Chronic total occlusion (CTO) of the coronary arteries is a relatively common finding in routine coronary angiography. Of late, there has been considerable improvement in the success rate of percutaneous intervention for coronary CTO, attributed to technological advancement and skills development. CT coronary angiogram (CTCA) is a simple, non-invasive, and cost-effective test that aids in the diagnosis and management of coronary artery disease, including CTOs.

Development and validation of a liquid chromatography-triple quadrupole mass spectrometry method for the determination of isopeptide ε-(γ-glutamyl) lysine in human urine as biomarker for transglutaminase 2 cross-linked proteins.

Determination of the levels of protein cross-linking catalysed by the activity of transglutaminase 2 in various disease states has remained a significant challenge. The ability to quantify the isopeptide ε-(γ-glutamyl) lysine, which can form as a heterogeneous bond within or between proteins has significant analytical and clinical potential as a biomarker in biofluids such as human urine. Increased transglutaminase 2 activity is associated with a number of diseases, such as fibrosis.

Enhancing diabetes care for the most vulnerable in the 21st century: Interim findings of the National Advisory Panel on Care Home Diabetes (NAPCHD).

Older adults with diabetes may carry a substantial health burden in Western ageing societies, occupy more than one in four beds in care homes, and are a highly vulnerable group who often require complex nursing and medical care. The global pandemic (COVID-19) had its epicentre in care homes and revealed many shortfalls in diabetes care resulting in hospital admissions and considerable mortality and comorbid illness. The purpose of this work was to develop a national Strategic Document of Diabetes Care for Care Homes which would bring about worthwhile, sustainable and effective quality diabetes care improvements, and address the shortfalls in care provided.

Planning a digital intervention for adolescents with asthma (BREATHE4T): A theory-, evidence- and Person-Based Approach to identify key behavioural issues.

Objectives: To describe a transparent approach to planning a digital intervention for adolescents to self-manage their asthma using breathing retraining (BRT), based on an existing, effective adult intervention (BREATHE).

Methods: A theory-, evidence-, and Person-Based Approach was used to maximise the effectiveness and persuasiveness of the intervention. A scoping review and semistructured interviews with target intervention users (N = 18, adolescents aged 12-17 years with asthma and parents) were carried out to explore user perspectives, barriers, and facilitators towards the intended behaviours and potential intervention features.

Optogenetically Engineered Neurons Differentiated from Human SH-SY5Y Cells Survived and Expressed ChR2 in 3D Hydrogel.

The cases of brain degenerative disease will rise as the human population ages. Current treatments have a transient effect and lack an investigative system that is physiologically relevant for testing. There is evidence suggesting optogenetic stimulation is a potential strategy; however, an in vitro disease and optogenetic model requires a three-dimensional microenvironment.

Enhancement of Antibiofilm Activity of Ciprofloxacin against by Administration of Antimicrobial Peptides.

can develop resistance by mutation, transfection or biofilm formation. Resistance was induced in by growth in sub-inhibitory concentrations of ciprofloxacin for 30 days. The ability of the antimicrobials to disrupt biofilms was determined using crystal violet and live/dead staining.

Probability Matching on a Simple Simulated Foraging Task: The Effects of Reward Persistence and Accumulation on Choice Behavior.

Over a series of decisions between two or more probabilistically rewarded options, humans have a tendency to diversify their choices, even when this will lead to diminished overall reward. In the extreme case of probability matching, this tendency is expressed through allocation of choices in proportion to their likelihood of reward. Research suggests that this behaviour is an instinctive response, driven by heuristics, and that it may be overruled through the application of sufficient deliberation and self-control.

Impact of chemotherapy-induced necrosis on event-free and overall survival after preoperative MAP chemotherapy in patients with primary high-grade localized osteosarcoma.

Aims: To assess the correlation between the histological response to preoperative chemotherapy and event-free survival (EFS) or overall survival (OS) in patients with high-grade localized osteosarcoma.

Methods: Out of 625 patients aged ≤ 40 years treated for primary high-grade osteosarcoma between 1997 and 2016, 232 patients without clinically detectable metastases at the time of diagnosis and treated with preoperative high-dose methotrexate, adriamycin and cisplatin (MAP) chemotherapy and surgery were included. Associations of chemotherapy-induced necrosis in the resected specimen and EFS or OS were assessed using Cox model and the Pearson's correlation coefficients (r).

Cost-effectiveness analysis of the Neuropad device as a screening tool for early diabetic peripheral neuropathy.

Objective: To carry out a cost-effectiveness analysis of the use of Neuropad as a screening test for diabetic neuropathy together with the standard care tool, the 10-g monofilament, in people with diabetes.

Research Design And Methods: A cost-effectiveness analysis using a Markov model was developed to assess the impact on costs and outcomes of using Neuropad as a test for diabetic neuropathy (1) as a complement to the standard test, the 10-g monofilament (Neuropad + monofilament vs. monofilament); and (2) as a substitute for the monofilament (Neuropad vs.

Surgical outcomes and prognostic factors of non-metastatic radiation-induced sarcoma of bone.

Background: The survival and prognostic factors in non-metastatic, radiation-induced bone sarcomas of bone have not been described. Moreover, the quantitative data about surgical outcomes and complications after limb-salvage surgery versus amputation are quite limited.

Methods: Twenty-five patients with non-metastatic, radiation-induced sarcoma of bone who underwent definitive surgery were analysed.

Improving our understanding of metal implant failures: Multiscale chemical imaging of exogenous metals in ex-vivo biological tissues.

Biological exposures to micro- and nano-scale exogenous metal particles generated as a consequence of in-service degradation of orthopaedic prosthetics can result in severe adverse tissues reactions. However, individual reactions are highly variable and are not easily predicted, due to in part a lack of understanding of the speciation of the metal-stimuli which dictates cellular interactions and toxicity. Investigating the chemistry of implant derived metallic particles in biological tissue samples is complicated by small feature sizes, low concentrations and often a heterogeneous speciation and distribution.

Metabolic Effects of Testosterone Therapy in Men with Type 2 Diabetes and Metabolic Syndrome.

Introduction: Up to 40% of men with type 2 diabetes (T2DM) and metabolic syndrome (MetS) have hypogonadotrophic hypogonadism (HH). Men with HH are at increased risk of cardiovascular (CV) and all-cause mortality, as well as of the development of incident T2DM.

Aim: To review the current literature on the metabolic effects of testosterone therapy (TTh) in men with T2DM and MetS.

Gambling on Smartphones: A Study of a Potentially Addictive Behaviour in a Naturalistic Setting.

Smartphone users engage extensively with their devices, on an intermittent basis for short periods of time. These patterns of behaviour have the potential to make mobile gambling especially perseverative. This paper reports the first empirical study of mobile gambling in which a simulated gambling app was used to measure gambling behaviour in phases of acquisition and extinction.

Optogenetic control of iPS cell-derived neurons in 2D and 3D culture systems using channelrhodopsin-2 expression driven by the synapsin-1 and calcium-calmodulin kinase II promoters.

Development of an optogenetically controllable human neural network model in three-dimensional (3D) cultures can provide an investigative system that is more physiologically relevant and better able to mimic aspects of human brain function. Light-sensitive neurons were generated by transducing channelrhodopsin-2 (ChR2) into human induced pluripotent stem cell (hiPSC) derived neural progenitor cells (Axol) using lentiviruses and cell-type specific promoters. A mixed population of human iPSC-derived cortical neurons, astrocytes and progenitor cells were obtained (Axol-ChR2) upon neural differentiation.