Longitudinal Functional Study of Murine Aging: A Resource for Future Study Designs.

Aging is characterized by systemic declines in tissue and organ functions. Interventions that slow these declines represent promising therapeutics to protect against age-related disease and improve the quality of life. In this study, several interventions associated with lifespan extension in invertebrates or improvement of age-related disease were tested in mouse models to determine if they were effective in slowing tissue aging in a broad spectrum of functional assays.

Utility of objective gait measures in levodopa-unresponsive freezing in Parkinson's.

Levodopa-unresponsive gait freezing in Parkinson disease is debilitating. Gait kinematics, while time-consuming, can help optimize levodopa's benefit on gait stride length and stride velocity, and thereby improve freezing and falls in these patients.

Variable Presentation of COVID-19 in Pediatric Patients.

Infection by SARS-CoV-2 has led to disease referred to as coronavirus disease 2019 which, in children has been described as of multisystem inflammatory syndrome in children. Our experience demonstrates 2 distinct presentations of this syndrome which have different clinical courses and may have differing long-term outcomes.

Human parvovirus B19 infection in an immunocompromised host.

Serologic testing may be negative in immunocompromised hosts due to inadequate IgG and IgM response. The classic bone marrow findings of viral inclusions and giant proerythroblasts are pathognomonic for active infection and should prompt initiation of therapy regardless of serologic results.

Introducing EL-FIT (Exercise and Liver FITness): A Smartphone App to Prehabilitate and Monitor Liver Transplant Candidates.

Preserved physical function is key for successful liver transplantation (LT); however, prehabilitation strategies are underdeveloped. We created a smartphone application (app), EL-FIT (Exercise and Liver FITness), to facilitate exercise training in end-stage liver disease (ESLD). In this feasibility study, we tested EL-FIT app usage and the accuracy of physical activity data transfer and obtained feedback from initial users.

Biomarkers of inflammation, hypercoagulability and endothelial injury predict early asymptomatic doxorubicin-induced cardiotoxicity in breast cancer patients.

Doxorubicin (DOX)-induced cardiotoxicity is a major limitation to its clinical application. Cardiotoxicity of DOX is dose-dependent that begins with the first dose. Oxidative stress and inflammation are involved in DOX-related cardiotoxicity.

Signet-ring cell large B-cell lymphoma: A potential diagnostic pitfall with signet-ring cell carcinoma.

This study reveals the importance of recognizing uncommon histologic variants in diffuse large B-cell lymphoma, such as the signet-ring cell variant, which may result in an erroneous or delayed diagnosis with potential impact in patient treatment.

Monoacylglycerol Acyltransferase 1 Knockdown Exacerbates Hepatic Ischemia/Reperfusion Injury in Mice With Hepatic Steatosis.

Nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) is becoming the most common indication for liver transplantation. The growing prevalence of NAFLD not only increases the demand for liver transplantation, but it also limits the supply of available organs because steatosis predisposes grafts to ischemia/reperfusion injury (IRI) and many steatotic grafts are discarded. We have shown that monoacylglycerol acyltransferase (MGAT) 1, an enzyme that converts monoacylglycerol to diacylglycerol, is highly induced in animal models and patients with NAFLD and is an important mediator in NAFLD-related insulin resistance.

Bleeding outcomes in thrombocytopenic acute leukemic patients with venous thromboembolism.

Cancer-associated thrombosis in acute leukemia patients with severe thrombocytopenia (platelets ≤50 × 10/L) poses a management challenge due to competing risks of bleeding and recurrent thrombosis. A retrospective analysis was conducted to determine the occurrence of clinically relevant bleeding (CRB) rates during treatment for acute venous thromboembolic events (VTE) in thrombocytopenic acute leukemic patients. A cohort of 74 patients were subgrouped into three VTE-treatment interventions: anticoagulation ( = 24), inferior vena cava filter placement ( = 22), and observation ( = 28).

Investigating the potential underdiagnosis of primary hyperparathyroidism at the University of Arkansas for Medical Sciences.

Introduction: Primary hyperparathyroidism (PHPT) is a condition in which one or more parathyroid glands secrete excess amounts of parathyroid hormone (PTH). In short, PHPT is characterized by hypercalcemia/hypercalciuria with concurrent elevated PTH levels. This condition is known to increase the risk of cardiovascular disease, osteoporosis, psychiatric disturbances, and renal complications.

Low morbidity and mortality with COVID-19 in sickle cell disease: A single center experience.

Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) is caused by SARS-CoV-2 infection, which evolved into a global pandemic within a short time. Individuals with sickle cell disease (SCD) suffer from underlying cardiopulmonary comorbidities and are at risk of severe complications such as pneumonia, acute chest syndrome, thrombosis, stroke, and multiorgan failure. Whether COVID-19 poses a high risk of morbidity and mortality in SCD patients remains unclear.

Nox4 Expression Is Not Required for OVX-Induced Osteoblast Senescence and Bone Loss in Mice.

Estrogen deficiency and aging play critical roles in the pathophysiology of bone as a result of increased oxidative stress. It has been suggested that prevention of NADPH oxidase- (Nox-) dependent accumulation of ROS may be an approach to potentially minimize bone loss caused by these conditions. Using ovariectomized (OVX) and Nox4 gene-deletion mouse models, we investigated the role of Nox4 in OVX-induced bone loss and osteoblast senescence signaling.

Developmental assessments during the first 5 years of life in infants fed breast milk, cow's milk formula, or soy formula.

Objective: To investigate the effects of infant feeding mode on childhood cognition and language as the differential effects of infant feeding on development remain understudied.

Methods: Breastfed [BF, 174], cow's milk-based formula-fed [MF, 169], or soy protein-based formula-fed [SF, 161] children were longitudinally tested from age 3 to 60 months for neurodevelopment. Data were analyzed using mixed models while adjusting for multiple covariates.

Changes to the ACGME Common Program Requirements and Their Potential Impact on Emergency Medicine Core Faculty Protected Time.

The Accreditation Council for Graduate Medical Education (ACGME), which regulates residency and fellowship training in the United States, recently revised the minimum standards for all training programs. These standards are codified and published as the Common Program Requirements. Recent specific revisions, particularly removing the requirement ensuring protected time for core faculty, are poised to have a substantial impact on emergency medicine training programs.

High-risk obstetrical call center vs. healthcare providers: is there consistency in advice given?

Objective: To determine the level of agreement between the advice given to an obstetric patient calling an obstetric call center and the advice given by health care providers with varying degrees of knowledge and experience.

Study Design: This is a retrospective quality improvement project which evaluates the level of agreement between advice from nurses at an obstetric call center using software with obstetric triage protocols compared with advice given by women's health advanced practice nurse (APN), a fourth year obstetrics and gynecology (OB-GYN) resident, and a maternal fetal medicine (MFM) specialist on the same call scenarios.

Results: The call center nurses advised emergency care more frequently (51.

Prospective Evaluation of the Strategy of Functionally Optimized Coronary Intervention.

Background Long-term outcomes after percutaneous coronary intervention (PCI) relate in part to residual ischemia in the treated vessel, as reflected by post-PCI fractional flow reserve (FFR). The strategy of FFR after PCI and treatment of residual ischemia-known as functionally optimized coronary intervention (FCI)-may be feasible and capable of improving outcomes. Methods and Results Feasibility and results of FCI using an optical-sensor pressure wire were prospectively evaluated in an all-comer population with 50% to 99% lesions and ischemic FFR (≤0.

3D ultrastructural analysis of α-granule, dense granule, mitochondria, and canalicular system arrangement in resting human platelets.

Background: State-of-the-art 3-dimensional (3D) electron microscopy approaches provide a new standard for the visualization of human platelet ultrastructure. Application of these approaches to platelets rapidly fixed prior to purification to minimize activation should provide new insights into resting platelet ultrastructure.

Objectives: Our goal was to determine the 3D organization of α-granules, dense granules, mitochondria, and canalicular system in resting human platelets and map their spatial relationships.

3-(3-Hydroxyphenyl)-Propionic Acid (PPA) Suppresses Osteoblastic Cell Senescence to Promote Bone Accretion in Mice.

Phenolic acids (PAs) are metabolites derived from polyphenolic compounds found in fruits and vegetables resulting from the actions of gut bacteria. Previously, we reported that the levels of seven individual PAs were found to be at least 10 times higher in the serum of rats fed a blueberry (BB)-containing diet compared to those fed a control diet. We have characterized the effects of one such BB-associated serum PA, 3-(3-hydroxyphenyl)-propionic acid (PPA), on senescence signaling and promotion of mesenchymal stem cell differentiation toward osteoblasts, while suppressing adipogenesis in the stem cells.

The Osteocyte Transcriptome Is Extensively Dysregulated in Mouse Models of Osteogenesis Imperfecta.

Osteocytes are long-lived, highly interconnected, terminally differentiated osteoblasts that reside within mineralized bone matrix. They constitute about 95% of adult bone cells and play important functions including in the regulation of bone remodeling, phosphate homeostasis, and mechanical stimuli sensing and response. However, the role of osteocytes in the pathogenesis of congenital diseases of abnormal bone matrix is poorly understood.

Natural history of human papillomavirus and vaccinations in men: A literature review.

Background And Aims: Infection with high-risk (HR) genotypes of the human papillomavirus (HPV) is necessary for and causative of almost all cervical cancers and their precursor condition, cervical intraepithelial neoplasia. These conditions have been sharply reduced by cervical cytology screening, and a further decrease is expected because of the recent introduction of prophylactic HPV vaccinations. While significant attention has been given to gynecologic HPV disease, men can be affected by HPV-related cancers of the anus, penis, and oropharynx.

Micronutrient Deficiency Independently Predicts Time to Event in Patients With Heart Failure.

Background Dietary micronutrient deficiencies have been shown to predict event-free survival in other countries but have not been examined in patients with heart failure living in the United States. The purpose of this study was to determine whether number of dietary micronutrient deficiencies in patients with heart failure was associated with shorter event-free survival, defined as a combined end point of all-cause hospitalization and death. Methods and Results Four-day food diaries were collected from 246 patients with heart failure (age: 61.

Sclerostin Antibody Treatment Stimulates Bone Formation to Normalize Bone Mass in Male Down Syndrome Mice.

Down syndrome (DS), characterized by trisomy of human chromosome 21, is associated with a variety of endocrine disorders as well as profound skeletal abnormalities. The low bone mass phenotype in DS is defined by low bone turnover due to decreased osteoclast and osteoblast activity, decreasing the utility of antiresorptive agents in people with DS. Sclerostin antibody (SclAb) is a therapeutic candidate currently being evaluated as a bone anabolic agent.

Effect of Depth of Sedation in Older Patients Undergoing Hip Fracture Repair on Postoperative Delirium: The STRIDE Randomized Clinical Trial.

Importance: Postoperative delirium is the most common complication following major surgery in older patients. Intraoperative sedation levels are a possible modifiable risk factor for postoperative delirium.

Objective: To determine whether limiting sedation levels during spinal anesthesia reduces incident delirium overall.