Heritability and Correlation Estimates for Serum Insulin-like Growth Factor I Concentration, Weight, Weight Gain, and Height in Angus Beef Cattle in a Long-Term Divergent Selection Study for Serum Insulin-like Growth Factor I (1989 to 2017).

This study investigated the genetic parameters for serum IGF-I concentrations and growth traits in beef cattle. A divergent selection experiment for serum IGF-I concentration was initiated in 1989. One hundred spring-calving (50 high line and 50 low line) and 100 fall-calving (50 high line and 50 low line) black Angus cows with unknown IGF-I concentrations were randomly assigned to the two divergent selection lines.

Leveraging large language models to improve patient education on dry eye disease.

Background/objectives: Dry eye disease (DED) is an exceedingly common diagnosis in patients, yet recent analyses have demonstrated patient education materials (PEMs) on DED to be of low quality and readability. Our study evaluated the utility and performance of three large language models (LLMs) in enhancing and generating new patient education materials (PEMs) on dry eye disease (DED).

Subjects/methods: We evaluated PEMs generated by ChatGPT-3.

O-TO-T Advancement Reconstruction for Partial Glossectomy Defects: A Case Series.

We present O-T advancement reconstruction (OTAR) in lateral tongue defects, describing technique, indications, outcomes, and limitations. 11 patients with lateral tongue defects who underwent OTAR after earlystage cancer removal. Demographics, staging, functional oral intake scale (FOIS), dysphagia outcome severity scale (DOSS), defect size, and complications were included.

Source Data Verification (SDV) quality in clinical research: A scoping review.

Introduction: The value of Source Data Verification (SDV) has been a common theme in the applied Clinical Translational Science literature. Yet, few published assessments of SDV quality exist even though they are needed to design risk-based and reduced monitoring schemes. This review was conducted to identify reports of SDV quality, with a specific focus on accuracy.

Comparing Cisgender and Trans-spectrum Postsecondary Student Alcohol and Substance Use: Results From the Arkansas Collegiate Substance Use Assessment.

Purpose: Examine self-reported substance use of cisgender and trans-spectrum students.

Design: Observational Study, cross-sectional design.

Setting: Arkansas post-secondary institutions.

Demographic analysis of survival trends in squamous cell carcinoma of the upper 1/3 of the esophagus: a population-based study.

Esophageal malignancies, constituting 3% of global cancers, pose significant health challenges with poor survival rates. Squamous Cell Carcinoma (SCC) and Adenocarcinoma (AC) are predominant subtypes, with shifting incidences globally. This analysis will focus primarily on the demographics of survival trends for Squamous cell carcinoma of esophagus (SCCE).

Dupilumab as an Adjunct to Oral Immunotherapy in Pediatric Patients With Peanut Allergy.

Background: Peanut allergy is a common, life-threatening food allergy in children. We evaluated whether dupilumab, which blocks the activity of interleukin (IL)-4/IL-13, enhances the efficacy of oral immunotherapy (OIT) AR101 in pediatric patients with peanut allergy.

Methods: A Phase II, multicenter, randomized, double-blind study was conducted in the USA (NCT03682770) in pediatric patients (6-≤ 17 years old) with confirmed peanut allergy.

Gut microbiota dysbiosis in Alzheimer's disease (AD): Insights from human clinical studies and the mouse AD models.

Alzheimer's Disease (AD) is a debilitating neurocognitive disorder with an unclear underlying mechanism. Recent studies have implicated gut microbiota dysbiosis with the onset and progression of AD. The connection between gut microbiota and AD can significantly affect the prevention and treatment of AD patients.

Role of dietary and nutritional interventions in ceramide-associated diseases.

Ceramides are important intermediates in sphingolipid metabolism and serve as signaling molecules with independent biological significance. Elevated cellular and circulating ceramide levels are consistently associated with pathological conditions including cardiometabolic diseases, neurological diseases, autoimmune diseases, and cancers. Although pharmacological inhibition of ceramide formation often protects against these diseases in animal models, pharmacological modulation of ceramides in humans remains impractical.

Profound hypotonia in an infant with δ-aminolevulinic acid dehydratase deficient porphyria.

δ-Aminolevulinic acid (ALA) dehydratase (ALAD) deficient porphyria (ADP) is an extremely rare form of porphyria, with only eight documented cases. Herein, we report the second known case of ADP in the Western hemisphere and third case with infantile onset of symptoms. A male neonate presented on day three of life with profound hypotonia, pinpoint pupils, absent deep tendon reflexes, and anemia.

Inter-center variations in inpatient outcomes for infants with gastroschisis from the Children's Hospitals Neonatal Consortium.

Objective: To estimate inter-center variation (ICV) in hospital length of stay (LOS) and oral feeding at discharge among infants with gastroschisis.

Study Design: The Children's Hospitals Neonatal Consortium's (CHNC) database was used to identify hospitalized survivors with gastroschisis. Two outcomes were evaluated: LOS and discharge without tube feedings.

Real-world evidence on the benefits of optimal itch relief and skin clearance in atopic dermatitis management: a study from the TARGET-DERM AD registry.

In atopic dermatitis (AD), the real-world impact of achieving itch and skin lesion treatment targets compared to partial improvement remains unclear. We assessed the relationship between itch relief (reduction in Worst Itch Numeric Rating Scale [WI-NRS]) and skin clearance (Investigator Global Assessment [IGA] 0/1) with other patient-reported outcomes. Using TARGET-DERM AD registry data on adults receiving standard-of-care treatment, we described and modeled the relationship of itch severity (Worst Itch Numeric Rating Scale [WI-NRS]) and skin lesion severity (IGA) outcomes with patient-reported (quality of life ([DLQI)], AD severity [(POEM]), sleep ([Sleep-NRS]), and skin pain [(Pain-NRS]).

Fetal Tracheal Occlusion Corelates with Normalized YAP Expression and Alveolar Epithelial Differentiation in CDH.

Congenital diaphragmatic hernia (CDH) is characterized by incomplete closure of the diaphragm. While the ensuing compression to the fetal lung causes lung hypoplasia, specific cellular phenotypes and developmental signaling defects in the alveolar epithelium in CDH are not fully understood. Employing lung samples from human CDH, a surgical lamb model and a nitrogen rat model, we investigate whether lung compression impairs alveolar epithelial differentiation and Yes-associated protein (YAP)-mediated mechanosensing.

Sexual Dysfunction in Chronic Urticaria: A Systematic Review.

Introduction: Chronic urticaria (CU) is frequently a debilitating skin condition characterized by recurrent and spontaneous wheal and flares with significant impact on quality of life. This systematic review examines the impact of CU on sexual health.

Methods: A systematic review using PubMed, Embase, Web of Science, and Cochrane library databases was conducted for articles on sexual health in chronic urticaria.

Hurley Staging Training for Hidradenitis Suppurativa Patients.

Introduction: The Hurley staging system is a grading system utilized to measure hidradenitis suppurativa (HS) severity. Teaching patients to grade the severity of HS may aid in the accuracy of self-reporting for research and clinical purposes. Thus, this study aimed to determine the utility of a Hurley stage learning module (HSLM) for participants to grade images of HS.

Intra-peritoneal Povidone-iodine Irrigation Decreases Abscesses in a Perforated Appendicitis Murine Model.

Background: Children with perforated appendicitis frequently form post-operative intra-abdominal abscesses (IAA). Intra-peritoneal irrigation for prevention remains controversial. Using a perforated appendicitis murine model, we sought to determine the effect of intra-peritoneal irrigation on post-operative IAA and adhesion formation.

Pediatric gastrostomy tube referral patterns and postoperative use: A single-center experience.

Objectives: Practice variability exists regarding the timing of gastrostomy tube (GT) placement in patients unable to maintain adequate oral nutrition. We sought to assess patient factors predictive of longer surgical GT use to inform patient selection.

Methods: We conducted a single-center, retrospective cohort study including children ≤18 years who underwent surgical GT placement from June 1, 2018 to June 1, 2021 at a children's hospital.

Childhood Educational Outcomes of Infants Born With Esophageal Atresia With or Without Tracheoesophageal Fistula.

Background: There are limited studies on educational outcomes of children born with esophageal atresia (EA) with or without tracheoesophageal fistula (TEF). We aimed to compare 3rd to 5th grade academic proficiency among children born with EA/TEF versus unaffected children.

Methods: Children born with EA/TEF (2000-2005) were identified from the Arkansas Reproductive Health Monitoring System.

Stimulant use disorder and the likelihood of stroke: Analysis of a national database in the United States.

Background: Stimulant use has been associated with an increased risk of stroke, though data on clinical characteristics and exact risk are limited. This retrospective case-control study examines stroke risk in individuals with stimulant use disorder using data from a national U.S.

Error rates of data processing methods in clinical research: A systematic review and meta-analysis of manuscripts identified through PubMed.

Background: In clinical research, prevention of data errors is paramount to ensuring reproducibility of trial results and the safety and efficacy of the resulting interventions. Over the last 40 years, empirical assessments of data accuracy in clinical research have been reported, however, there has been little systematic synthesis of these results. Although notable exceptions exist, little evidence exists regarding the relative accuracy of different data processing methods.