Serum biomarkers that predict lean mass loss over bed rest in older adults: An exploratory study.

Background: Lean mass (LM) loss during extended bed rest contributes to long term functional decline in older adults. Identifying blood biomarkers that predict a hospitalized individual's risk of losing LM could allow for timely intervention.

Methods: LM from 19 healthy subjects (age 60-76 y, 4 males, 15 females), who were confined to 10 days of complete bed rest, was measured pre- and post-bed rest.

Glutathione peroxidase-1 overexpression reduces oxidative stress, and improves pathology and proteome remodeling in the kidneys of old mice.

This study investigated the direct roles of hydrogen peroxide (H O ) in kidney aging using transgenic mice overexpressing glutathione peroxidase-1 (GPX1 TG). We demonstrated that kidneys in old mice recapitulated kidneys in elderly humans and were characterized by glomerulosclerosis, tubular atrophy, interstitial fibrosis, and loss of cortical mass. Scavenging H O by GPX1 TG significantly reduced mitochondrial and total cellular reactive oxygen species (ROS) and mitigated oxidative damage, thus improving these pathologies.

Surgical Treatment of Symptomatic Small Medial Petrous Meningiomas Causing Trigeminal Neuralgia.

Background: Symptomatic trigeminal neuralgia caused by small (<3 cm) skull base meningiomas is treated by radiosurgery or surgical resection. Although radiosurgery is less invasive, surgical resection provides more rapid resolution of symptoms. We reviewed a short series of patients who underwent an anterior transpetrosal approach for surgical resection of meningiomas causing trigeminal neuralgia.

Prepapillary vascular loop-a new classification.

Background/objectives: To analyze the ophthalmic characteristics of congenital prepapillary vascular loop (PVL) and to propose a new morphologic classification dividing the loops into six types.

Subjects/methods: Collaborative multinational multicentre retrospective study of PVL cases.

Results: There was a total of 49 cases (61 eyes), 37 unilateral (75.

Elevation of the unfolded protein response increases RANKL expression.

Increased production of the osteoclastogenic cytokine RANKL is a common feature of pathologic bone loss, but the underlying cause of this increase is poorly understood. The unfolded protein response (UPR) is activated in response to accumulation of misfolded proteins in the endoplasmic reticulum (ER). Failure to resolve misfolding results in excess UPR signaling that stimulates cytokine production and cell death.

Incidence and prediction of intraoperative and postoperative cardiac arrest requiring cardiopulmonary resuscitation and 30-day mortality in non-cardiac surgical patients.

Background: The incidence, prediction and mortality outcomes of intraoperative and postoperative cardiac arrest requiring cardiopulmonary resuscitation (CPR) in surgical patients are under investigated and have not been studied concurrently in a single study.

Methods: A retrospective cohort study was conducted using the American College of Surgeons National Surgical Quality Improvement Program data between 2008 and 2012. Firth's penalized logistic regression was used to study the incidence and identify risk factors for intra- and postoperative CPR and 30-day mortality.

The Relationship of Age and Other Baseline Factors to Outcome of Initial Surgery for Intermittent Exotropia.

Purpose: To determine whether age at surgery is associated with surgical outcome of intermittent exotropia (IXT) at 3 years.

Design: Secondary analysis of pooled data from a randomized trial.

Methods: A total of 197 children 3 to <11 years of age with basic-type IXT of 15-40 prism diopters (Δ) were randomly assigned to 1 of 2 surgical procedures for treatment of intermittent exotropia.

Safety and efficacy of endoscopic submucosal dissection for rectal neoplasia: a multicenter North American experience.

 Rectal lesions traditionally represent the first lesions approached during endoscopic submucosal dissection (ESD) training in the West. We evaluated the safety and efficacy of rectal ESD in North America.  This is a multicenter retrospective analysis of rectal ESD between January 2010 and September 2018 in 15 centers.

Author Correction: Tubular cell and keratinocyte single-cell transcriptomics applied to lupus nephritis reveal type I IFN and fibrosis relevant pathways.

An amendment to this paper has been published and can be accessed via a link at the top of the paper.

Children Exposure-Related Behavior Patterns and Risk Perception Associated with Recreational Beach Use.

Background: Oil spill chemicals (OSCs) result not only from the crude oil components but also from dispersants used in the clean-up activities, where some may result in adverse health effects under certain exposure and dosage conditions. One of the main populations of concern for exposure to OSCs are children, who are frequent beach users. Activities such as ingestion of and digging in sand can increase dermal and ingestion exposure.

Status Epilepticus among Older Adults in the United States.

Objective: This study aimed to identify temporal time trends and risk factors associated with mortality for hospitalized older adults with status epilepticus (SE).

Design: A retrospective study was performed.

Setting: Hospitalized patients were identified utilizing an administrative database-The Nationwide Inpatient Sample database from 1998 through September 2015.

Creating the Next Generation of Translational Geroscientists.

Advances in understanding fundamental processes of aging have led to a variety of investigational therapies to delay or prevent age-related diseases and conditions. These geroscience therapeutics hold the promise of revolutionizing medical care of older adults by treating the complex syndromes of aging and preserving health and independence. A crucial bottleneck is the study of geroscience therapeutics in early-stage, first-in-human, or proof-of-concept clinical trials.

Association between breast cancer risk and leisure physical activity in a rural cohort population.

Background: Physical activity has been identified as a modifiable risk factor for breast cancer. Varying definitions of physical activity have made the evaluation difficult to analyze. In a state with high prevalence of obesity and elevated rates of breast cancer incidence and mortality, physical activity may be an important element for risk reduction.

Individual- and county-level determinants of high breast cancer incidence rates.

Background: Age-adjusted breast cancer rates vary across and within states. However, most statistical models inherently identify either individual- or area-level determinants to explain geographic disparities in breast cancer rates and ignore the effects of the other level of determinants. We present a micro-macro modelling approach that incorporates both levels of determinants to better explain this variability and to discover opportunities to reduce breast cancer rates.

Risk Factors Associated with the Development of Transaminitis in Oxandrolone-Treated Adult Burn Patients.

Oxandrolone has proven benefits in thermal burn injury and has become a standard of care. Transaminitis is the most frequent side effect of oxandrolone use, although no risk factors have been identified that increase the risk of transaminitis. The objective was to evaluate the frequency of transaminitis while on oxandrolone and to identify risk factors leading to an increased risk of transaminitis in adult burn patients.

Tubular cell and keratinocyte single-cell transcriptomics applied to lupus nephritis reveal type I IFN and fibrosis relevant pathways.

The molecular and cellular processes that lead to renal damage and to the heterogeneity of lupus nephritis (LN) are not well understood. We applied single-cell RNA sequencing (scRNA-seq) to renal biopsies from patients with LN and evaluated skin biopsies as a potential source of diagnostic and prognostic markers of renal disease. Type I interferon (IFN)-response signatures in tubular cells and keratinocytes distinguished patients with LN from healthy control subjects.

Sjögren Syndrome without Focal Lymphocytic Infiltration of the Salivary Glands.

Objective: Primary Sjögren syndrome (SS) is characterized by a focal lymphocytic infiltrate in exocrine glands. We describe patients who lacked this key feature.

Methods: We evaluated patients with sicca in a comprehensive clinic at which medical, dental, and ophthalmological examinations were performed.

Feature space learning model.

With the massive volume and rapid increasing of data, feature space study is of great importance. To avoid the complex training processes in deep learning models which project original feature space into low-dimensional ones, we propose a novel feature space learning (FSL) model. The main contributions in our approach are: (1) FSL can not only select useful features but also adaptively update feature values and span new feature spaces; (2) four FSL algorithms are proposed with the feature space updating procedure; (3) FSL can provide a better data understanding and learn descriptive and compact feature spaces without the tough training for deep architectures.

Bariatric Procedures in Older Adults in the United States: Analysis of a Multicenter Database.

Background Bariatric procedures help reduce obesity-related comorbidities and thus improve survival. Clinical characteristics and outcomes after bariatric procedures in older adults were investigated. Methods A multi-institutional Nationwide Inpatient Sample (NIS) database was queried from years 2005 through 2012.

Author Correction: Nuclear localization of Beclin 1 promotes radiation-induced DNA damage repair independent of autophagy.

A correction to this article has been published and is linked from the HTML and PDF versions of this paper. The error has not been fixed in the paper.

Towards quality assurance and quality control in untargeted metabolomics studies.

We describe here the agreed upon first development steps and priority objectives of a community engagement effort to address current challenges in quality assurance (QA) and quality control (QC) in untargeted metabolomic studies. This has included (1) a QA and QC questionnaire responded to by the metabolomics community in 2015 which recommended education of the metabolomics community, development of appropriate standard reference materials and providing incentives for laboratories to apply QA and QC; (2) a 2-day 'Think Tank on Quality Assurance and Quality Control for Untargeted Metabolomic Studies' held at the National Cancer Institute's Shady Grove Campus and (3) establishment of the Metabolomics Quality Assurance and Quality Control Consortium (mQACC) to drive forward developments in a coordinated manner.

Randomized prospective trial of cooled versus traditional radiofrequency ablation of the medial branch nerves for the treatment of lumbar facet joint pain.

Background And Objectives: No previous study has assessed the outcomes of cooled radiofrequency ablation (C-RFA) of the medial branch nerves (MBN) for the treatment of lumbar facet joint pain nor compared its effectiveness with traditional RFA (T-RFA). This study evaluated 6-month outcomes for pain, function, psychometrics, and medication usage in patients who underwent MBN C-RFA versus T-RFA for lumbar Z-joint pain.

Methods: In this blinded, prospective trial, patients with positive diagnostic MBN blocks (>75% relief) were randomized to MBN C-RFA or T-RFA.

Oesophageal Stents for Potentially Curable Oesophageal Cancer - A Bridge to Surgery?

For oesophageal cancer patients with potentially curative disease, treatment usually comprises neoadjuvant chemoradiotherapy followed by surgery. Several methods are currently used for nutritional support while patients are undergoing neoadjuvant treatment but these do not relieve dysphagia. Stenting as a bridge to curative surgery has been explored in several case series and a case control study.