Probe metal binding mode of imine covalent organic frameworks: cycloiridation for (photo)catalytic hydrogen evolution from formate.

Metalation of covalent organic frameworks (COFs) is a critical strategy to functionalize COFs for advanced applications yet largely relies on the pre-installed specific metal docking sites in the network, such as porphyrin, salen, 2,2'-bipyridine, We show in this study that the imine linkage of simple imine-based COFs, one of the most popular COFs, readily chelate transition metal (Ir in this work) cyclometalation, which has not been explored before. The iridacycle decorated COF exhibited more than 10-fold efficiency enhancement in (photo)catalytic hydrogen evolution from aqueous formate solution than its molecular counterpart under mild conditions. This work will inspire more functional cyclometallated COFs to be explored beyond catalysis considering the large imine COF library and the rich metallacycle chemistry.

Electrocatalytic redox neutral [3 + 2] annulation of -cyclopropylanilines and alkenes.

Although synthetic organic electrochemistry (EC) has advanced significantly, net redox neutral electrosynthesis is quite rare. Two approaches have been employed to achieve this type of electrosynthesis. One relies on turnover of the product by the reactant in a chain mechanism.

Genotype-dependent and heat-induced grain chalkiness in rice correlates with the expression patterns of starch biosynthesis genes.

Starch biosynthesis is a complex process underlying grain chalkiness in rice in a genotype-dependent manner. Coordinated expression of starch biosynthesis genes is important for producing translucent rice grains, while disruption in this process leads to opaque or chalky grains. To better understand the dynamics of starch biosynthesis genes in grain chalkiness, six rice genotypes showing variable chalk levels were subjected to gene expression analysis during reproductive stages.

Student perceptions of older adults after a music intervention: A mixed approach.

Aims: The aims of this project were to investigate changes in nursing students' attitudes and perceptions of older adults after implementing individualized Music and Memory© playlists. In addition, the inquiry sought to compare pre and post survey responses for changes in rankings of caring for the older adult as a career choice. The qualitative inquiry sought to explore students' perceptions of their experience through narrative journaling for a better understanding of the experience.

Interaction energy between neuronal cell receptors and peptoid ligands.

Peptoids as an extracellular matrix (ECM) material is gaining importance in in vitro neuronal cell culture studies due to their biocompatibility, self-assembling structure, and stability. Mechanotransduction between a neuronal cell and an ECM is mediated by neuronal cell receptors such as integrin and neural cellular adhesion molecule. In this study, using molecular dynamics, we investigate the interaction energies between peptoid and neuronal cell receptors, and also study the effect of peptoid bundle size.

Rice Inundation Assessment Using Polarimetric UAVSAR Data.

Irrigated rice requires intense water management under typical agronomic practices. Cost effective tools to improve the efficiency and assessment of water use is a key need for industry and resource managers to scale ecosystem services. In this research we advance model-based decomposition and machine learning to map inundated rice using time-series polarimetric, -band Uninhabited Aerial Vehicle Synthetic Aperture Radar (UAVSAR) observations.

Effects of a 14-Day Hydration Intervention on Individuals with Habitually Low Fluid Intake.

Background: Debate continues over whether or not individuals with low total water intake (TWI) are in a chronic fluid deficit (i.e., low total body water) [1].

Thermal inactivation kinetics of Salmonella and Enterococcus faecium NRRL B-2354 on dried basil leaves.

The enhanced heat resistance of Salmonella developed at low water activity makes it a serious challenge to eliminate them during thermal processing. The objectives of this research are to (i) investigate the effect of water activity on thermal inactivation of Salmonella cocktail (Agona, Tennessee, Mbandaka, Montevideo, and Reading) in dried basil leaves, and (ii) evaluate Enterococcus faecium NRRL B-2354 as an appropriate surrogate for Salmonella in dried basil leaves. Dried basil leaves, inoculated with a Salmonella cocktail and E.

Reporting health data in waiting rooms with mobile technology: Patient expectation and confirmation.

Objectives: Hospitals and medical staff use digital devices such as mobile phones and tablets to treat patients. Prior research has examined patient-reported outcomes, and the use of medical devices to do diagnosis and prognosis of patients, but not whether patients like using, and intend to use in future, mobile devices to self-report medical data. We address this research gap by developing a theoretical model based on the expectancy confirmation model (ECM) and testing it in an empirical study of patients using mobile technology to self-report data.

Disgust and political attitudes .

We introduce the Special Issue on Disgust and Political Attitudes discussing the importance of understanding state and trait disgust, the innovative and transparent process by which registered reports and preregistered studies were chosen and funded, and the manuscripts that make up this special issue. This essay concludes by discussing future research directions in disgust and political attitudes, as well as the benefits of a transparent review process that avoids the "file drawer problem" of unpublished null findings.

Homeless and hungry: food insecurity in the land of plenty.

Homelessness continues to challenge service providers in the United States where 600,000+ individuals are without their own place to stay on any given night. With significant barriers preventing access to food, homeless persons remain at risk for experiencing long-term food insecurity. As such, the primary intent of this paper was to examine specific hypotheses that explored the impact of both risks/stressors and resources on the reported food insecurity among homeless adults.

Methanosarcina acetivorans contains a functional ISC system for iron-sulfur cluster biogenesis.

Background: The production of methane by methanogens is dependent on numerous iron-sulfur (Fe-S) cluster proteins; yet, the machinery involved in Fe-S cluster biogenesis in methanogens remains largely unknown. Methanogen genomes encode uncharacterized homologs of the core components of the ISC (IscS and IscU) and SUF (SufBC) Fe-S cluster biogenesis systems found in bacteria and eukaryotes. Methanosarcina acetivorans contains three iscSU and two sufCB gene clusters.

Defining relictual biodiversity: Conservation units in speckled dace (Leuciscidae: ) of the Greater Death Valley ecosystem.

The tips in the tree of life serve as foci for conservation and management, yet clear delimitations are masked by inherent variance at the species-population interface. Analyses using thousands of nuclear loci can potentially sort inconsistencies, yet standard categories applied to this parsing are themselves potentially conflicting and/or subjective [e.g.

Facing new fears during the COVID-19 pandemic: The State of America's mental health.

Objective: COVID-19 is rearranging our society with fear and worry about the novel coronavirus impacting the mental health of Americans. The current study examines the intersection of COVID-19 fear, worries and perceived threat with social vulnerabilities and mental health consequences, namely anxiety and depressive symptomatology.

Methods: Using an online platform, a national sample (n = 10, 368) of U.

A CRISPRi-dCas9 System for Archaea and Its Use To Examine Gene Function during Nitrogen Fixation by Methanosarcina acetivorans.

CRISPR-based systems are emerging as the premier method to manipulate many cellular processes. In this study, a simple and efficient CRISPR interference (CRISPRi) system for targeted gene repression in archaea was developed. The CRISPR-Cas9 system was repurposed by replacing Cas9 with the catalytically dead Cas9 (dCas9) to generate a CRISPRi-dCas9 system for targeted gene repression.

Recombinase-mediated integration of a multigene cassette in rice leads to stable expression and inheritance of the stacked locus.

Unlabelled: Efficient methods for multigene transformation are important for developing novel crop varieties. Methods based on random integrations of multiple genes have been successfully used for metabolic engineering in plants. However, efficiency of co-integration and co-expression of the genes could present a bottleneck.

Gene flow and species delimitation in fishes of Western North America: Flannelmouth () and Bluehead sucker ().

The delimitation of species boundaries, particularly those obscured by reticulation, is a critical step in contemporary biodiversity assessment. It is especially relevant for conservation and management of indigenous fishes in western North America, represented herein by two species with dissimilar life histories codistributed in the highly modified Colorado River (i.e.

Reticulate evolution as a management challenge: Patterns of admixture with phylogenetic distance in endemic fishes of western North America.

Admixture in natural populations is a long-standing management challenge, with population genomic approaches offering means for adjudication. We now more clearly understand the permeability of species boundaries and the potential of admixture for promoting adaptive evolution. These issues particularly resonate in western North America, where tectonism and aridity have fragmented and reshuffled rivers over millennia, in turn promoting reticulation among endemic fishes, a situation compounded by anthropogenic habitat modifications and non-native introductions.

Racial/ethnic segregation and health disparities: Future directions and opportunities.

Health researchers have investigated the association between racial segregation and racial health disparities with multilevel approaches. This study systematically reviews these multilevel studies and identifies broad trends and potential directions for future research on racial segregation and health disparities in the US. After searching databases including CINAHL and MEDLINE, we identified and systematically reviewed 66 articles published between 2003 and 2019 and found four major gaps in racial/ethnic segregation and health disparities: (a) the concept of segregation was rarely operationalized at the neighborhood level, (b) except for the evenness and exposure dimension, other dimensions of segregation are overlooked, (c) little attention was paid to the segregation between whites and non-black minorities, particularly Hispanics and Asians, and (d) mental health outcomes were largely absent.

Chronic Disease, the Built Environment, and Unequal Health Risks in the 500 Largest U.S. Cities.

Health is increasingly subject to the complex interplay between the built environment, population composition, and the structured inequity in access to health-related resources across communities. The primary objective of this paper was to examine cardiometabolic disease (diabetes, cardiovascular diseases, stroke) markers and their prevalence across relatively small geographic units in the 500 largest cities in the United States. Using data from the American Community Survey and the 500 Cities Project, the current study examined cardiometabolic diseases across 27,000+ census tracts in the 500 largest cities in the United States.

Optimal price regulations in international pharmaceutical markets with generic competition.

In a two-country (home and foreign) model in which the home producer of a branded pharmaceutical product faces generic competition in each market, we analyze home's optimal policy choices regarding two major types of price regulations: external reference pricing (ERP) and direct price controls. Home's nationally optimal ERP policy lowers domestic price while maintaining the firm's export incentive. This ERP policy results in a negative international price spillover that the foreign country can (partly) offset via a local price control.

MOVE MORE, GAIN LESS: EFFECT OF A RECREATIONAL TRAIL SYSTEM ON CHILDHOOD BMI.

We investigate the effect of residential proximity to recreational trails on childhood body mass index (BMI). We find that children living within 0.5 miles of recreational trails have BMI -scores that are 0.

Moving Sport and Exercise Science Forward: A Call for the Adoption of More Transparent Research Practices.

The primary means of disseminating sport and exercise science research is currently through journal articles. However, not all studies, especially those with null findings, make it to formal publication. This publication bias towards positive findings may contribute to questionable research practices.

Gut microbiota in reintroduction of giant panda.

Reintroduction is a key approach in the conservation of endangered species. In recent decades, many reintroduction projects have been conducted for conservation purposes, but the rate of success has been low. Given the important role of gut microbiota in health and diseases, we questioned whether gut microbiota would play a crucial role in giant panda's wild-training process.