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71 results match your criteria: "University of Arkansas Division of Agriculture[Affiliation]"
Foods
December 2024
Department of Food Science, University of Arkansas Division of Agriculture, Fayetteville, AR 72204, USA.
Post-processing contamination of has remained a major concern for the safety of ready-to-eat (RTE) meat products that are not reheated before consumption. Mathematical models are rapid and cost-effective tools to predict pathogen behavior, product shelf life, and safety. The objective of this study was to develop and validate a comprehensive model to predict the growth rate in RTE meat products as a function of temperature, pH, water activity, nitrite, acetic, lactic, and propionic acids.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFCrit Rev Biotechnol
November 2024
Department of Food Engineering, National Institute of Food Technology Entrepreneurship and Management-Thanjavur (NIFTEM-T), Thanjavur, India.
Millets, often overlooked as food crops, have regained potential as promising stable food sources of bioactive compounds to regulate blood sugar levels in the diabetic populace. This comprehensive review delves into various millet varieties, processing methods, and extraction techniques aimed at isolating bioactive compounds. The review elucidates the inhibitory effects of millet-derived bioactive compounds on key enzymes involved in carbohydrate metabolism, such as α-amylase and α-glucosidase.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFPoult Sci
November 2024
Department of Poultry Science, Center of Excellence for Poultry Science, University of Arkansas Division of Agriculture, 1260 W. Maple, POSC 0-114, Fayetteville, AR 72701, USA. Electronic address:
Due to the emergence of virulent Enterococcus cecorum (EC) in young broiler chicken flocks, the transmissibility of EC during late embryogenesis needs to be defined. The purpose of the present study was to develop a horizontal transmission model to simulate exposure to virulent EC during the hatching phase. In Exp 1, EC5, EC7, or EC11B (∼10 CFU/embryo) was administered to a subset of the embryos, deemed seeders, by in ovo injection into the amniotic cavity at day 19 of embryogenesis.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFFoods
November 2024
Department of Grain Science & Industry, Kansas State University, Manhattan, KS 66506, USA.
Millets are recognized as future foods due to their abundant nutrition and resilience, increasing their value on the global stage. Millets possess a broad spectrum of nutrients, antinutrients, and antioxidants, making it imperative to understand the effects of various processing methods on these components. Antinutritional factors interfere with the digestibility of macro-nutrients and the bioavailability and bio accessibility of minerals.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFJ Environ Qual
November 2024
Department of Biological and Agricultural Engineering, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, North Carolina, USA.
National nutrient inventories provide surplus phosphorus (P) estimates derived from county-scale mass balance calculations using P inputs from manure and fertilizer sales and P outputs from crop yield data. Although bioavailable P and surplus P are often correlated at the field scale, few studies have investigated the relationship between measured soil P concentrations of large-scale soil testing programs and inventory-based surplus P estimates. In this study, we assessed the relationship between national surplus P data from the NuGIS dataset and laboratory-measured soil test phosphorus (STP) at the county scale for Arkansas, North Carolina, and Oklahoma.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFHeliyon
May 2024
STEM College, Royal Melbourne Institute of Technology, Melbourne, Australia.
Millets are rich in nutritional and bioactive compounds, including polyphenols and flavonoids, and have the potential to combat malnutrition and various diseases. However, extracting these bioactive compounds can be challenging, as conventional methods are energy-intensive and can lead to thermal degradation. Green-assisted techniques have emerged as promising methods for sustainable and efficient extraction.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFData Brief
February 2024
University of Arkansas Division of Agriculture, Arkansas Forest Resources Center, University of Arkansas System, 110 University Court, Monticello, AR 71656, USA.
Forest canopy cover (FCC) is essential in forest assessment and management, affecting ecosystem services such as carbon sequestration, wildlife habitat, and water regulation. Ongoing advancements in techniques for accurately and efficiently mapping and extracting FCC information require a thorough evaluation of their validity and reliability. The primary objectives of this study are to: (1) create a large-scale forest FCC dataset with a 1-meter spatial resolution, (2) assess the regional spatial distribution of FCC at a regional scale, and (3) investigate differences in FCC areas among the Global Forest Change (Hansen et al.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFPoult Sci
August 2023
Department of Poultry Science, University of Arkansas Division of Agriculture, Fayetteville AR, 72701, USA. Electronic address:
Between 2018 and 2020, over 100 wild turkey fecal samples were collected from the Eastern and Central thirds of the United States, where commercial turkey production is uncommon. We hypothesized that anticoccidial-sensitive Eimeria spp. would be present in wild turkey fecal samples.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFFront Vet Sci
June 2023
Department of Poultry Science, University of Arkansas Division of Agriculture, Fayetteville, AR, United States.
Introduction: Drug-sensitive live coccidiosis vaccines have been used to control coccidiosis and renew drug sensitivity in commercial chicken operations. However, only limited species coverage vaccines have been available for commercial turkey producers. This study aimed to assess the effect of an vaccine candidate, with and without amprolium intervention, on performance and oocyst shedding.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFPlant J
September 2023
Cell and Molecular Biology Program, University of Arkansas, 115 Plant Science Building, Fayetteville, AR, 72701, USA.
Grain chalkiness is a major concern in rice production because it impacts milling yield and cooking quality, eventually reducing market value of the rice. A gene encoding vacuolar H translocating pyrophosphatase (V-PPase) is a major quantitative trait locus in indica rice, controlling grain chalkiness. Higher transcriptional activity of this gene is associated with increased chalk content.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFPoult Sci
June 2023
Department of Pathobiology, Ontario Veterinary College, University of Guelph, Guelph, Ontario N1G 2W1, Canada.
One method of prevention of coccidiosis in broiler chickens raised without antibiotics relies on coccidiosis vaccination. Live-coccidiosis vaccines carry the risk for pathogenic effects if the Eimeria species overcycle. However, all chicks must receive an appropriate dose of Eimeria oocysts to induce immunity and reduce the risk of adverse effects.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFPoult Sci
May 2023
Department of Poultry Science, Center of Excellence for Poultry Science, University of Arkansas Division of Agriculture, Fayetteville, AR 72701, USA. Electronic address:
Commercial hatch cabinet environments promote replication of microorganisms. These pathogenic or apathogenic microorganisms may serve as pioneer colonizers of the gastrointestinal tract (GIT) of poultry. Some of these pioneer colonizers, such as Escherichia coli and Enterococcus spp.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFPLoS One
October 2022
Department of Entomology and Plant Pathology, Center for Integrated Fungal Research, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, NC, United States of America.
Aspergillus flavus is an agriculturally important fungus that causes ear rot of maize and produces aflatoxins, of which B1 is the most carcinogenic naturally-produced compound. In the US, the management of aflatoxins includes the deployment of biological control agents that comprise two nonaflatoxigenic A. flavus strains, either Afla-Guard (member of lineage IB) or AF36 (lineage IC).
View Article and Find Full Text PDFJ Food Sci Technol
November 2022
School of Biological Science and Food Engineering, Chuzhou University, Chuzhou, 239000 Anhui China.
Unlabelled: The objective of this study was to investigate the relationships between morphometric measurements and woody breast (WB) severity in breast fillets using image processing as an objective detection method for WB. Breast fillets were collected and categorized as normal (NORM), mild (MILD), moderate (MOD), and severe (SEV). Compression force and energy increased as WB severity increased alongside a decrease in severity through fillet regions ( < 0.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFFront Genet
August 2022
Department of Animal Science, Iowa State University, Ames, IA, United States.
Exposure to less-hygienic conditions during early childhood has been associated with stimulation and development of the immune system. A recent study indicated that exposure of piglets to soil-borne microbes during lactation was related with modulation of gut microbiota and immune function. To identify the potential molecular mechanisms and pathways impacted by early-life topsoil exposure, we analyzed the messenger RNA (mRNA) and micro-RNA (miRNA) expression in peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs) from these piglets.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFJ Food Sci Technol
September 2022
Department of Poultry Science, University of Arkansas Division of Agriculture, Fayetteville, AR 72701 USA.
The objective of this study was to determine meat quality distributions and assess hardness distributions in raw and cooked breast fillets with the woody breast (WB) condition, in addition to evaluating the relationship between water properties and WB severity. A total of 90 breast fillets were collected and categorized as normal (NORM), mild (MILD) and severe (SEV). Breast weight, drip loss, compression measurements, cook loss, shear and texture profile analysis (TPA) values were measured for each sample by fillet location (cranial to caudal) and sampling depth (cranial-superficial, cranial-internal, middle-superficial, and middle-internal) in the raw and cooked meat state.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFTransl Anim Sci
July 2022
Department of Animal and Food Sciences, Oklahoma State University Stillwater, OK 74048USA.
Although performance benefits of monensin have been extensively studied in finishing cattle, growing cattle, and dairy cows, considerably less published work is available evaluating response to monensin supplementation in cow-calf production systems. This meta-analysis investigated the impacts of monensin on performance of beef cows and developing replacement heifers. The replacement heifer analysis was conducted using data from 18 different peer-reviewed publications and experiment station reports.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFPoult Sci
June 2022
Department of Poultry Science, University of Arkansas Division of Agriculture, Fayetteville, AR 72701, USA.
Microbial blooms that emerge in commercial hatch cabinets consist of apathogenic and pathogenic microorganisms, including Escherichia coli, Enterococcus faecalis, and Aspergillus fumigatus. Objectives of the present study included the development of a multipathogen contamination model to mimic commercial conditions and optimization of sampling methods to quantify bacterial or fungal presence within the hatch cabinet. The pathogen challenge mix (PM) was recreated from select bacterial or fungal isolates recovered from an egg homogenate (EH) derived from the contents of infertile eggs and late embryonic mortalities.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFTransl Anim Sci
April 2022
Department of Animal and Food Sciences, Oklahoma State University Stillwater, OK 74048, USA.
Monensin has been part of the beef production landscape for over 45 years. Although first approved for use in finishing cattle, it has since been approved for cattle in extensive production systems and has been an economical way to increase performance of forage-fed animals. This meta-analysis investigated the impacts of monensin on performance of stocker cattle on high-forage diets.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFAvian Dis
March 2022
Department of Poultry Science, University of Arkansas Division of Agriculture, Fayetteville, AR 72701,
The objectives of this study were to evaluate whether a preinfection of (EAD) or (ET) could affect the severity of subsequent histomoniasis in turkeys (Experiment 1) and if previous exposure to EAD infection, when a single or multiple inoculations of EAD were administered with sufficient time for complete cecal recovery, would affect the severity of HM incidence and lesions (Experiment 2). In Experiment 1, 200 poults were assigned to 1 of 5 groups, as follows: unchallenged negative control, positive challenge control inoculated with 10 HM, EAD at 500 oocysts/bird and (HM), EAD at 2500 oocysts/bird and HM, or ET at 9 × 10 oocysts/bird and HM. ET and EAD were inoculated on day 15 and HM on day 20.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFInsects
January 2022
Department of Crop Sciences, University of Illinois, Urbana, IL 61801, USA.
Helicoverpa armigera nucleopolyhedrovirus (HearNPV) is a naturally occurring virus commercially produced for control of Heliothines, including . One drawback with using this virus for control has been the slower time to mortality compared with synthetic insecticides. However, a new formulation (Heligen) has anecdotally been thought to result in quicker mortality than previously observed.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFPoult Sci
July 2021
University of Arkansas Division of Agriculture, Fayetteville, AR 72701, USA. Electronic address:
This study aimed to evaluate the fate and dissemination of Salmonella Reading (SR) in turkeys using an oral gavage challenge model. One hundred twenty-eight-week-old commercial turkey hens were moved from commercial production to research facilities. Upon arrival, a combination of enrofloxacin, 10 mg/kg, and florfenicol, 20 mg/kg, were orally administered sequentially before comingled placement on fresh pine shavings.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFMol Plant Pathol
June 2021
Department of Entomology and Plant Pathology, University of Arkansas Division of Agriculture, Fayetteville, Arkansas, USA.
The green peach aphid (Myzus persicae) is a phloem-feeding insect that causes economic damage on a wide array of crops. Using a luminol-based assay, a superoxide-responsive reporter gene (Zat12::luciferase), and a probe specific to hydrogen peroxide (HyPer), we demonstrated that this aphid induces accumulation of reactive oxygen species (ROS) in Arabidopsis thaliana. Similar to the apoplastic oxidative burst induced by pathogens, this response to aphids was rapid and transient, with two peaks occurring within 1 and 4 hr after infestation.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFBMC Public Health
March 2021
Department of Agricultural Economics and Agribusiness, University of Arkansas Division of Agriculture, Fayetteville, AR, USA.
Objective: To explore the association between food insecurity and mental health outcomes among low-income Americans during the COVID-19 pandemic.
Methods: We conducted a survey of 2714 low-income respondents nationwide from June 29, 2020 to July 21, 2020. A proportional odds logit model was employed to estimate the associations between food insecurity and anxiety and between food insecurity and depression.
Poult Sci
April 2021
Department of Poultry Science, University of Arkansas Division of Agriculture, Fayetteville, AR 72701, USA. Electronic address:
Avian pathogenic Escherichia coli (E. coli) is an opportunistic pathogen often introduced to neonatal chicks during the hatching process. This commensal bacterium, particularly as a pioneer colonizer of the gastrointestinal tract, can have substantial implications in the rearing of poultry because of reduced flock performance.
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