App-Based Coaching to Prevent Addictive Behaviors in Vocational School Students: A Cluster Randomized Trial.

Purpose: This two-arm cluster randomized controlled trial evaluated the effectiveness of an app-based addiction prevention program in German vocational school students.

Methods: Schools from 5 German federal states were recruited. No eligibility criteria for classes were applied; enrollment decisions were made by school heads or teachers.

On the temperature dependent photoluminescence of nanoscale LuPO:Eu and their application for bioimaging.

This work concerns a synthesis method for efficiently luminescent LuPO:Eu nanoscale particles (∼100 nm) as well as their temperature (77-500 K) and time dependent photoluminescence. In addition, the incubation of these particles into cells of a human lung adenocarcinomic cell line A549 is briefly presented. This points to the application for bioimaging and detection of cancer cells in the field of medical diagnostics.

Influence of Carbohydrate Intake on Caprylic Acid (C8:0)-Induced Ketogenesis-A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis.

The ketogenic diet is used worldwide to treat various diseases, especially drug-resistant epilepsies. Medium-chain triglycerides or medium-chain fatty acids, primarily the major ketogenic compound caprylic acid (C8; C8:0), can significantly support ketogenesis. This review examines the effects of concurrent carbohydrate intake on C8-induced ketogenesis.

App-Based Addiction Prevention at German Vocational Schools: Implementation and Reach for a Cluster-Randomized Controlled Trial.

This article examines the implementation, participation rates, and potential determinants of participation in the digital addiction prevention program "ready4life." A two-arm cluster-randomized trial recruited German vocational students via class-based strategies. Intervention group received 16 weeks of in-app coaching; the control group received health behavior information, with coaching offered after 12 months.

The autoxidation of polyether-polyurethane open cell soft foam: An analytical aging method to reproducibly determine VOC emissions caused by thermo-oxidative degradation.

We present a new method for investigating the oxidation and emission behavior of air-permeable materials. Employing this method, a differentiated statement can be made about the extent to which critical volatile organic compounds (VOCs) such as formaldehyde, acetaldehyde, and acrolein are contained in the material as impurities or formed by thermo-oxidative degradation of the polymer matrix in the use phase. The parameters affecting methods of VOC analysis are reviewed and considered for the developed method.

Medium-Chain Triglycerides (MCTs) for the Symptomatic Treatment of Dementia-Related Diseases: A Systematic Review.

Pathomechanisms of dementias involve increasing damage to neuronal energy metabolism, resulting in degeneration-related insulin resistance and glucose hypometabolism. In this case, ketone bodies can provide an alternative energy source. Supplementation with medium-chain triglycerides (MCTs), which can induce ketogenesis, may alleviate brain energy deficits and improve neuronal function.

Clinical accuracy of instrument-based SARS-CoV-2 antigen diagnostic tests: a systematic review and meta-analysis.

Background: During the COVID-19 pandemic, antigen diagnostic tests were frequently used for screening, triage, and diagnosis. Novel instrument-based antigen tests (iAg tests) hold the promise of outperforming their instrument-free, visually-read counterparts. Here, we provide a systematic review and meta-analysis of the SARS-CoV-2 iAg tests' clinical accuracy.

Wastewater generation model to predict impacts of urine separation on wastewater treatment plants.

Wastewater treatment plants (WWTPs) are under increasing pressure to enhance resource efficiency and reduce emissions into water bodies. The separation of urine within the catchment area may be an alternative to mitigate the need for costly expansions of central WWTPs. While previous investigations assumed a spatially uniform implementation of urine separation across the catchment area, the present study focuses on an adapted stochastic wastewater generation model, which allows the simulation of various wastewater streams (e.

Interstitial or interstitialcy: effect of the cation size on the migration mechanism in NaSICON materials.

Sodium superionic conductors (NaSICONs) with general formula NaMAO have attracted significant attention as solid electrolytes for all solid-state batteries owing to their remarkable room temperature ionic conductivity in the order of 10 S cm. Their flexible structural framework, which allows the incorporation of various aliovalent cations, affects the Na ion transport. However, establishing a straightforward correlation between Na mobility and NaSICON composition proves challenging due to competing influences such as framework alteration and stoichiometric changes of the cation substituents and thus the mobile Na ions.

Comparing SARS-CoV-2 antigen-detection rapid diagnostic tests for COVID-19 self-testing/self-sampling with molecular and professional-use tests: a systematic review and meta-analysis.

Self-testing is an effective tool to bridge the testing gap for several infectious diseases; however, its performance in detecting SARS-CoV-2 using antigen-detection rapid diagnostic tests (Ag-RDTs) has not been systematically reviewed. This study aimed to inform WHO guidelines by evaluating the accuracy of COVID-19 self-testing and self-sampling coupled with professional Ag-RDT conduct and interpretation. Articles on this topic were searched until November 7th, 2022.

Methodological approaches and competence areas of nursing students in virtual reality simulation research - A scoping review.

Objectives: To analyze methodological approaches (theoretical frameworks, study designs, methods) and competence areas of nursing students in research on virtual reality simulations (VRS) with a high level of immersion.

Methods: A scoping review was performed. A systematic search of the literature was conducted on MEDLINE, CINAHL and ERIC databases on 30/11/22.

Near-infrared fluorescence tattooing: a new approach for endoscopic marking of tumors in minimally invasive colorectal surgery using a persistent near-infrared marker.

Introduction: Intraoperative accurate localization of tumors in the lower gastrointestinal tract is essential to ensure oncologic radicality. In minimally invasive colon surgery, tactile identification of tumors is challenging due to diminished or absent haptics. In clinical practice, preoperative endoscopic application of a blue dye (ink) to the tumor site has become the standard for marking and identification of tumors in the colon.

Beta-Hydroxybutyrate (BHB), Glucose, Insulin, Octanoate (C8), and Decanoate (C10) Responses to a Medium-Chain Triglyceride (MCT) Oil with and without Glucose: A Single-Center Study in Healthy Adults.

MCTs are increasingly being used to promote ketogenesis by patients on ketogenic diet therapy, but also by people with other conditions and by the general public for the perceived potential benefits. However, consumption of carbohydrates with MCTs and untoward gastrointestinal side effects, especially at higher doses, could decrease the sustainability of the ketogenic response. This single-center study investigated the impact of consuming carbohydrate as glucose with MCT oil compared to MCT alone on the BHB response.

Exploratory analysis of the effect of a controlled lifestyle intervention on inflammatory markers - the Healthy Lifestyle Community Programme (cohort 2).

Background: Chronic low-grade inflammation is associated with an increased risk of chronic disease and mortality. The objective of the study was to test the effect of a healthy lifestyle intervention on biomarkers of inflammation (among other risk markers).

Methods: We conducted a non-randomized controlled trial with mostly middle-aged and elderly participants from the general population in rural northwest Germany (intervention: n = 114; control: n = 87).

Identifying Future Study Designs for Mental Health and Social Wellbeing Associated with Diets of a Cohort Living in Eco-Regions: Findings from the INSUM Expert Workshop.

Diets influence our mental health and social wellbeing (MHSW) in multiple ways. A rising community concept, Eco-Regions, has gained interest. The research project "Indicators for assessment of health effects of consumption of sustainable, organic school meals in Ecoregions" (INSUM) aims to develop future-oriented research approaches to measure the potential health effects of more sustainable and healthy diets.

Accuracy of rapid point-of-care antigen-based diagnostics for SARS-CoV-2: An updated systematic review and meta-analysis with meta-regression analyzing influencing factors.

Background: Comprehensive information about the accuracy of antigen rapid diagnostic tests (Ag-RDTs) for Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome Coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) is essential to guide public health decision makers in choosing the best tests and testing policies. In August 2021, we published a systematic review and meta-analysis about the accuracy of Ag-RDTs. We now update this work and analyze the factors influencing test sensitivity in further detail.

Chewing gum reduces visually induced motion sickness.

Visually induced motion sickness (VIMS) is a common side-effect of exposure to virtual reality (VR). Its unpleasant symptoms may limit the acceptance of VR technologies for training or clinical purposes. Mechanical stimulation of the mastoid and diverting attention to pleasant stimuli-like odors or music have been found to ameliorate VIMS.

EEG Neurofeedback in the Treatment of Adults with Binge-Eating Disorder: a Randomized Controlled Pilot Study.

Specific alterations in electroencephalography (EEG)-based brain activity have recently been linked to binge-eating disorder (BED), generating interest in treatment options targeting these neuronal processes. This randomized-controlled pilot study examined the effectiveness and feasibility of two EEG neurofeedback paradigms in the reduction of binge eating, eating disorder and general psychopathology, executive functioning, and EEG activity. Adults with BED and overweight (N = 39) were randomly assigned to either a food-specific EEG neurofeedback paradigm, aiming at reducing fronto-central beta activity and enhancing theta activity after viewing highly palatable food pictures, or a general EEG neurofeedback paradigm training the regulation of slow cortical potentials.

Fluency shaping increases integration of the command-to-execution and the auditory-to-motor pathways in persistent developmental stuttering.

Fluency-shaping enhances the speech fluency of persons who stutter, yet underlying conditions and neuroplasticity-related mechanisms are largely unknown. While speech production-related brain activity in stuttering is well studied, it is unclear whether therapy repairs networks of altered sensorimotor integration, imprecise neural timing and sequencing, faulty error monitoring, or insufficient speech planning. Here, we tested the impact of one-year fluency-shaping therapy on resting-state fMRI connectivity within sets of brain regions subserving these speech functions.

Decontamination of disposable respirators for reuse in a pandemic employing in-situ-generated peracetic acid.

Background: During shortages of filtering face pieces (FFP) in a pandemic, it is necessary to implement a method for safe reuse or extended use. Our aim was to develop a simple, inexpensive and ecological method for decontamination of disposable FFPs that preserves filtration efficiency and material integrity.

Material And Methods: Contamination of FFPs (3M Aura 9320+) with SARS-CoV-2 (1.

Effect of a 6-Month Controlled Lifestyle Intervention on Common Carotid Intima-Media Thickness.

Objectives: The intima-media thickness of the common carotid artery (ccIMT) is an established risk marker for cardiovascular disease (CVD). However, it is unclear whether lifestyle interventions can easily demonstrate an improvement in ccIMT. The objective was to test if our intervention would beneficially affect ccIMT (among other CVD markers).

Accuracy of novel antigen rapid diagnostics for SARS-CoV-2: A living systematic review and meta-analysis.

Background: SARS-CoV-2 antigen rapid diagnostic tests (Ag-RDTs) are increasingly being integrated in testing strategies around the world. Studies of the Ag-RDTs have shown variable performance. In this systematic review and meta-analysis, we assessed the clinical accuracy (sensitivity and specificity) of commercially available Ag-RDTs.

Investigation of Impulse Oscillometry for the Detection of Extravasations using Design of Experiments and an Infusion Simulator.

Extravasation is a phenomenon that occurs when the infusion solution misses the vein and enters the surrounding tissue. We developed a sensor prototype utilising impulse oscillometry to detect extravasations at an early stage. A hydraulic impulse is injected into the infusion line to observe and analyse its progress.

On the crystal structure and optical spectroscopy of rare earth comprising quaternary tungstates LiBaRE(WO) (RE = La-Nd, Sm-Ho).

The quaternary tungstates Li3Ba2RE3(WO4)8 (RE = La-Nd, Sm-Ho) were obtained by a ceramic synthesis route and were characterized by powder and single crystal X-ray diffraction. The structures of Li3Ba2Pr3(WO4)8 and Li3Ba2Tb3(WO4)8 were refined from single crystal diffractometer data: RbLiBi2(MoO4)4 type, space group C2/c, a = 528.57(2), b = 1292.

Effectiveness of personalized music systems to influence neuropsychiatric symptoms associated with dementia: A quasi-experimental study.

Context: Studies have shown that music can improve the neuropsychiatric symptoms in people with dementia. Personalized music has the greatest impact. However, people with dementia in residential care rarely listen to personalized music; in doing so, they themselves as well as their caregivers pass up the positive effects associated with it.