In-Line Observation of Laser Cladding Processes via Atomic Emission Spectroscopy.

Direct metal deposition (DMD) can be used for the cladding of surfaces as well as repairing and additive manufacturing of parts and features. Process monitoring and control methods ensure a consistent quality during manufacturing. Monitoring by optical emission spectroscopy of the process radiation can provide information on process conditions and the deposition layer.

Depression-, Anxiety-, and Anger and Cognitive Functions: Findings From a Longitudinal Prospective Study.

Determinants of changes in cognitive function during aging are not well-understood. We aimed to estimate the effects of depression-, anxiety- and anger symptoms on cognition and on cognition changes, especially on changes in episodic memory (EM) and executive functioning (EF). We analyze data from the Mid-Life in the Midlife in the United States Biomarker study at two time points including = 710 women, and = 542 men (1996/1997) at the first assessment and = 669 women, and = 514 men at the second assessment (2013/2014).

Elder maltreatment in Europe and the United States: a transnational analysis of prevalence rates and regional factors.

We investigated the association between type and frequency of elder maltreatment (EM) and residential setting (rural, suburban, and urban settings in the U.S. and northern and southern cities in Europe).

Engineering human-focused Industrial Cyber-Physical Systems in Industry 4.0 context.

The world is increasingly interconnected, and this can also be seen in industry, where an ecosystem of digitalized assets, and humans with appropriate digital interfaces, constantly interact with each other. Digital transformation efforts in the industry rely on Industrial Cyber-Physical Systems that are driven by service-based cooperation among humans and digitalized industrial assets. This implies a radical paradigm change in their engineering and operation, which is focused on the symbiosis of digitalized assets and humans that cohabit a collaboration-driven industrial ecosystem.

Development of an industrial cyber-physical platform for small series production using digital twins.

The article describes an industrial cyber-physical platform for small series production using digital twins under development at ITMO University (Saint Petersburg, Russia). The platform is based on the following approaches: group technology, adaptive and selective assembling, and digital twin of production systems and processes. The article presents a mechanism for constructing a unified manufacturing process, and results of an integrated multiscale simulation of an injection moulding process.

The association between Major Depressive Disorder and premature death risk in hematologic and solid cancer: a longitudinal cohort study.

Background: the aim was to verify the association between Major Depressive Disorders (MDD) and the risk of premature death in people with oncological diseases, and to collect evidence about the causality of a possible association from a longitudinal perspective.

Design And Methods: it is a cohort study lasting 9 months, involving people with solid or hematologic cancers. The assessment was conducted by an ad hoc form to collect socio-demographic and clinical-oncological data, the PHQ-9 to screen MDD (cut-off ≥10) and the SF-12 to evaluate HRQoL.

"It's the First Barrier" - Lack of Common Language a Major Obstacle When Accessing/Providing Healthcare Services Across Europe.

International migration is shaping and changing urban areas as well as impacting on healthcare access and provision in Europe. To investigate how residents of superdiverse neighborhoods put together their healthcare, we conducted qualitative interviews with 76 healthcare providers and 160 residents in four European cities - Bremen, Germany; Birmingham, UK; Lisbon, Portugal and Uppsala, Sweden, between September 2015 and April 2017. A common theme arising from the data was language and communication obstacles, with both healthcare providers and users experiencing language difficulties, despite all four countries having interpretation policies or guidelines to address language barriers in healthcare.

Social stress and risk of declining cognition: a longitudinal study of men and women in the United States.

Limited research is available on the relationship between social stress and risk of declining cognition. We sought to examine whether social stress has adverse effects on risk of declining episodic memory and executive functioning in aging individuals. We used data from the MIDUS study, a national probability sample of non-institutionalized, English speaking respondents aged 25-74 living in the 48 contiguous states of the United States.

Parent Emigration, Physical Health and Related Risk and Preventive Factors of Children Left Behind: A Systematic Review of Literature.

The aim of our study was to systematically review the literature on physical health and related consequences of internal and international parental migration on left-behind children (LBC). This review followed PRISMA guidelines. We searched the PubMed, Web of Science, Academic Search Complete, PsycINFO, and Cochrane databases and included studies reporting physical health-related outcomes of children affected by parental migration.

Threats to Belonging-Stressful Life Events and Mental Health Symptoms in Aging Men-A Longitudinal Cohort Study.

Stressful life events, especially relationship events, are frequent in adult life. We investigated the impact of a variety of stressful life events on symptoms of depression, anxiety, and hostility. We analyzed data from a large prospective cohort study of men ( = 1,437) in the Boston area (assessed in 1985, 1988, and 1991).

Contextual determinants of intimate partner violence: a multi-level analysis in six European cities.

Objectives: To assess whether city-level characteristics influence the risk of intimate partner violence (IPV) victimization across six European cities.

Methods: The DOVE study included 3496 participants from Athens-Greece, Budapest-Hungary, London-UK, Östersund-Sweden, Porto-Portugal and Stuttgart-Germany. IPV victimization was assessed using the Revised Conflict Tactics Scales, and several contextual variables were included: GINI coefficient, gender equality index, an index of social support, unemployment rate and proportion of residents with tertiary education.

Psychosocial interventions for violence exposed youth - A systematic review.

Background: Violence exposure (direct, indirect, individual, structural) affects youth mental health.

Objective: We aimed to evaluate the effectiveness of psychosocial interventions in addressing the sequelae of violence exposure on youth (15-24 years old) and evaluate whether moderating factors impact intervention effectiveness.

Methods: We systematically searched eight databases and reference lists to retrieve any studies of psychosocial interventions addressing mental health among youth aged 15-25 exposed to violence.

Syntrophic acetate oxidation replaces acetoclastic methanogenesis during thermophilic digestion of biowaste.

Background: Anaerobic digestion (AD) is a globally important technology for effective waste and wastewater management. In AD, microorganisms interact in a complex food web for the production of biogas. Here, acetoclastic methanogens and syntrophic acetate-oxidizing bacteria (SAOB) compete for acetate, a major intermediate in the mineralization of organic matter.

Intimate Partner Violence and Use of Primary and Emergency Care: The Role of Informal Social Support.

Social support may encourage victims to disclose their experiences of intimate partner violence (IPV), but also to seek the appropriate help and care in the social and health services. Using data from a multicenter European project, DOVE (Domestic Violence Against women/men in Europe-prevalence, determinants, effects, and policies/practices), the present study aimed at measuring the frequency of primary care and emergency use according to IPV types of victimization, and to investigate whether victims receiving different levels of informal social support are using health care differently. Results suggested a significant association between IPV types and use of emergency services, and no association was found regarding primary care services.

Model-based control for a demand-driven biogas production to cover residual load rises.

The development of systems for energy storage and demand-driven energy production will be essential to enable the switch from fossil to renewable energy sources in future. To cover the residual load rises, a rigorous dynamic process model based on the Anaerobic Digestion Model No. 1 (ADM1) was applied to analyse the flexible operation of biogas plants.

Holocaust Survival and the Long-term Risk of Cardiovascular Disease in the Elderly.

Background: Reports of longevity in Holocaust survivors (HS) conflict with excess prevalence of chronic diseases described among them. However, data on their long-term risk of cardiovascular diseases (CVD) are limited. Clinical data on large representative groups of HS who were exposed to severe persecution are also limited.

Stochastic block models: A comparison of variants and inference methods.

Finding communities in complex networks is a challenging task and one promising approach is the Stochastic Block Model (SBM). But the influences from various fields led to a diversity of variants and inference methods. Therefore, a comparison of the existing techniques and an independent analysis of their capabilities and weaknesses is needed.

The long-term health consequences of genocide: developing GESQUQ - a genocide studies checklist.

Background: Genocide is an atrocity that seeks to destroy whole populations, leaving empty countries, empty spaces and empty memories, but also a large health burden among survivors is enormous. We propose a genocide reporting checklist to encourage consistent high quality in studies designed to provide robust and reliable data on the long term impact of genocide.

Methods: An interdisciplinary (Public Health, epidemiology, psychiatry, medicine, sociology, genocide studies) and international working committee of experts from Germany, Israel, the United States, and the United Kingdom used an iterative consensus process to develop a genocide studies checklist for studies of the long term health consequences.

Candidatus Syntrophosphaera thermopropionivorans: a novel player in syntrophic propionate oxidation during anaerobic digestion.

Propionate is an important intermediate in the anaerobic mineralization of organic matter. In methanogenic environments, its degradation relies on syntrophic associations between syntrophic propionate-oxidizing bacteria (SPOB) and Archaea. However, only 10 isolated species have been identified as SPOB so far.

Critical role of the finger loop in arrestin binding to the receptors.

We tested the interactions with four different G protein-coupled receptors (GPCRs) of arrestin-3 mutants with substitutions in the four loops, three of which contact the receptor in the structure of the arrestin-1-rhodopsin complex. Point mutations in the loop at the distal tip of the N-domain (Glu157Ala), in the C-loop (Phe255Ala), back loop (Lys313Ala), and one of the mutations in the finger loop (Gly65Pro) had mild variable effects on receptor binding. In contrast, the deletion of Gly65 at the beginning of the finger loop reduced the binding to all GPCRs tested, with the binding to dopamine D2 receptor being affected most dramatically.

Health literacy as a social practice: Social and empirical dimensions of knowledge on health and healthcare.

Health literacy has become a hot topic in health research and public health promotion. Most definitions specify health literacy as an individual cognitive skill, and surveys such as the EU-HLS which ask people to self-rate their decision-making capacity in the health system, grade a majority of the population as having an inadequate health literacy. Inspired by a praxeological understanding of knowledge and based on an empirical study on welfare bricolage in superdiverse urban neighborhoods, this paper explores health literacy ethnographically and highlights people's knowledge, creative practices and experiences concerning health and healthcare.

The HTQ-5: revision of the Harvard Trauma Questionnaire for measuring torture, trauma and DSM-5 PTSD symptoms in refugee populations.

Background: The Harvard Trauma Questionnaire (HTQ) was developed 25 years ago as a cross-cultural screening instrument to document trauma exposure, head trauma and trauma-related symptoms in refugees. This article aims to: (i) outline the process of revision of Part IV of the HTQ to (a) include the new DSM-5 diagnostic criteria for PTSD, and (b) separate out and more fully develop the refugee-specific functioning items; and (ii) promote a consistent approach to the validation of the HTQ-5 when adapted for use in other cultures and language groups.

Methods: Our process involved item mapping; expert consultations; generating items according to the new DSM-5 criteria; and drafting, refinement and finalization of the revised measure focusing closely on issues of meaning, future translation into multiple languages and comprehension amongst groups with low literacy and little or no exposure to Western trauma concepts.

The impact of intimate partner violence on forgone healthcare: a population-based, multicentre European study.

Background: To examine the relationship between forgone healthcare and involvement in intimate partner violence (IPV) as victims, perpetrators or both.

Methods: This cross-sectional multicentre study assessed community non-institutionalized residents (n = 3496, aged 18-64) randomly selected from six European cities: Athens, Budapest, London, Östersund, Porto, Stuttgart. A common questionnaire was used, including self-reports of IPV and forgone healthcare ('Have you been in need of a certain care service in the past year, but did not seek any help?').