Multi-study fMRI outlooks on subcortical BOLD responses in the stop-signal paradigm.

This study investigates the functional network underlying response inhibition in the human brain, particularly the role of the basal ganglia in successful action cancellation. Functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) approaches have frequently used the stop-signal task to examine this network. We merge five such datasets, using a novel aggregatory method allowing the unification of raw fMRI data across sites.

Preliminary efficacy of eye movement desensitization and reprocessing for children aged 1.5-8 years with PTSD: a multiple baseline experimental design ( = 19).

Trauma exposure is common in (pre) school-aged children and around one-fifth of exposed children meet the criteria for post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD). These symptoms can cause severe impairment to a child's functioning and, if left untreated, have negative long-term consequences. Therefore, there is an urgent need for effective treatment to reduce the acute and long-term effects of trauma.

"We Want to Well Outlive Us": Behind the Dissemination and Sustainability of in Australia.

is a free, weekly organized mass participation physical activity event providing a remarkable example of at-scale dissemination, with over 1 million participants and 150,000 volunteers in Australia. This qualitative study draws on stakeholders' experiences to explore how succeeded with its dissemination and sustainability in Australia. Maximum variation and snowball sampling methods were used to select interviewees representing three stakeholder groups: Australia employees; volunteer organizers (event directors and ambassadors); and local external stakeholders (e.

Transient Allosteric Regulation of Catalysis by Effector Switching in a Pt2L4 Cage.

The complexity of allosteric enzymatic regulation continues to inspire synthetic chemists seeking to emulate interconnected biological systems. In this work, a Pt2L4 cage capable of catalyzing the cyclization reaction of an alkynoic tosyl amide is orthogonally coupled to a diacid-catalyzed carbodiimide-hydration cycle. This new Pt-catalyzed cyclization reaction is demonstrated to exhibit electronic regulation by inclusion of different guest effectors.

Evidence-Based Application of Natriuretic Peptides in the Evaluation of Chronic Heart Failure With Preserved Ejection Fraction in the Ambulatory Outpatient Setting.

Background: Plasma NT-proBNP (N-terminal pro-B-type natriuretic peptide) is commonly used to diagnose heart failure with preserved ejection fraction (HFpEF), but its diagnostic performance in the ambulatory/outpatient setting is unknown because previous studies lacked objective reference standards.

Methods: Among patients with chronic dyspnea, diagnosis of HFpEF or noncardiac dyspnea was determined conclusively by exercise catheterization in a derivation cohort (n=414), multicenter validation cohort 1 (n=560), validation cohort 2 (n=207), and a nonobese Japanese validation cohort 3 (n=77). Optimal NT-proBNP cut points for HFpEF rule out (optimizing sensitivity) and rule in (optimizing specificity) were derived and tested, stratified by obesity and atrial fibrillation.

The Multicentre Acute ischemic stroke imaGIng and Clinical data (MAGIC) repository: rationale and blueprint.

Purpose: The Multicentre Acute ischemic stroke imaGIng and Clinical data (MAGIC) repository is a collaboration established in 2024 by seven stroke centres in Europe. MAGIC consolidates clinical and radiological data from acute ischemic stroke (AIS) patients who underwent endovascular therapy, intravenous thrombolysis, a combination of both, or conservative management.

Participants: All centres ensure accuracy and completeness of the data.

Polygenic risk scores for atrial fibrillation and heart failure and the risk of stroke and dementia.

Atrial fibrillation and heart failure have both been suggested to increase stroke and dementia risk. However, in observational studies, reversed causation and unmeasured confounding may occur. To mitigate these issues, this study aims to investigate if higher genetic risk for atrial fibrillation and heart failure increases dementia and stroke risk.

Uncovering the hidden mechanics of upper body rotations in tennis serves using wearable sensors on Dutch professional players.

Background: It is assumed that the tennis serve is performed according to the kinetic chain principle in which a proximal-to-distal sequence in peak angular velocities of subsequent body segments can be observed to reach high end point ball velocities. The aim of the present study was to investigate if the magnitude and (intersegmental) timing of peak angular velocities of body segments in professional tennis players are different between first and second serves and if they are associated with serve performance.

Methods: Eight (two female and six male) professional tennis players performed each 48 tennis serves on a tennis court.

Acute aerobic exercise enhances associative learning in regular exercisers but not in non-regular exercisers.

Introduction: Physical exercise has repeatedly been reported to have advantageous effects on brain functions, including learning and memory formation. However, objective tools to measure such effects are often lacking. Eyeblink conditioning is a well-characterized method for studying the neural basis of associative learning.

Investigating the impact of acceptance and commitment therapy for mental healthcare professionals: the effect on patients´ self-stigmatization, a pilot study.

Background: A significant proportion of mental health care professionals (MHCPs) hold stigmatizing attitudes about their patients. When patients perceive and internalize these beliefs, self-stigmatization can increase. Acceptance and Commitment Therapy (ACT) may decrease stigmatizing attitudes by changing the 'us' versus 'them' thinking into continuum beliefs.

Nodewise Parameter Aggregation for Psychometric Networks.

Psychometric networks can be estimated using nodewise regression to estimate edge weights when the joint distribution is analytically difficult to derive or the estimation is too computationally intensive. The nodewise approach runs generalized linear models with each node as the outcome. Two regression coefficients are obtained for each link, which need to be aggregated to obtain the edge weight (i.

Theoretical impact of a bedside decision-making tool on antibiotic use for suspected neonatal healthcare-associated infection: an observational study.

Background And Objectives: Healthcare-associated infections (HAI) are a leading contributor to morbidity and mortality in hospitalised neonates. Diagnosing neonatal HAI is challenging owing to non-specific symptoms and lack of definitive diagnostic markers, contributing to high rates of inappropriate antibiotic use. This study evaluated the theoretical impact of implementing a bedside tool for decision-making on antibiotic length of therapy (LOT).

Fluoroquinolone-specific resistance trajectories in E. coli and their dependence on the SOS-response.

Background: Fluoroquinolones are indispensable antibiotics used in treating bacterial infections in both human and veterinary medicine. However, resistance to these drugs presents a growing challenge. The SOS response, a DNA repair pathway activated by DNA damage, is known to influence resistance development, yet its role in fluoroquinolone resistance is not fully understood.

Neoadjuvant nivolumab and chemotherapy in early estrogen receptor-positive breast cancer: a randomized phase 3 trial.

Patients with estrogen receptor-positive (ER+), human epidermal growth factor receptor 2-negative (HER2-) primary breast cancer (BC) have low pathological complete response (pCR) rates with neoadjuvant chemotherapy. A subset of ER+/HER2- BC contains dense lymphocytic infiltration. We hypothesized that addition of an anti-programmed death 1 agent may increase pCR rates in this BC subtype.

A network-based systems genetics framework identifies pathobiology and drug repurposing in Parkinson's disease.

Parkinson's disease (PD) is the second most prevalent neurodegenerative disorder. However, current treatments only manage symptoms and lack the ability to slow or prevent disease progression. We utilized a systems genetics approach to identify potential risk genes and repurposable drugs for PD.

TRAF2 and RIPK1 redundantly mediate classical NFκB signaling by TNFR1 and CD95-type death receptors.

This study suggests a modified model of TNFR1-induced complex I-mediated NFκB signaling. Evaluation of a panel of five tumor cell lines (HCT116-PIK3CAmut, SK-MEL-23, HeLa-RIPK3, HT29, D10) with TRAF2 knockout revealed in two cell lines (HT29, HeLa-RIPK3) a sensitizing effect for death receptor-induced necroptosis and in one cell line (D10) a mild sensitization for TNFR1-induced apoptosis. TRAF2 deficiency inhibited death receptor-induced classical NFκB-mediated production of IL-8 only in a subset of cell lines and only partly.

Art of TIL immunotherapy: SITC's perspective on demystifying a complex treatment.

In a first for solid cancers, cellular immunotherapy has entered standard of care in the treatment of patients with metastatic melanoma. The infusion of autologous tumor-infiltrating T lymphocytes (TIL) is capable of mediating durable tumor regression and is now Food and Drug Administration-approved for patients with disease refractory to immune checkpoint inhibitors. Since the advent of chimeric antigen receptor (CAR) T cells for patients with hematological malignancies, a growing network of centers capable of delivering effector T cell products to patients has developed.

Incidence, long-term predictors and progression of chronic kidney disease among African migrants and non-migrants: the transcontinental population-based prospective RODAM cohort study.

Background: Limited longitudinal data exist on chronic kidney disease (CKD) in African populations undergoing epidemiological transitions. We investigated incidence, long-term predictors and progression of CKD among Ghanaians residing in Ghana and Ghanaian migrants in the Netherlands (Amsterdam).

Methods And Findings: We analysed data from 2183 participants in the transcontinental population-based prospective Research on Obesity and Diabetes among African Migrants cohort, followed for approximately 7 years.

Herbivory can increase plant fitness via reduced interspecific competition-evidence from models and mesocosms.

Herbivores are generally considered to reduce plant fitness. However, as in natural communities they often feed on several competing plant species, herbivores can also increase plant fitness by reducing interspecific competition among plants. In this study, we developed a testable model to predict plant fitness in the presence of an interspecific competitor and a herbivore that feeds on both plant species.

Addition of PARP1-inhibition enhances chemoradiotherapy and thermoradiotherapy when treating cervical cancer in an mouse model.

Efficacy of current treatment options for cervical cancer require improvement. Previous studies have shown the enhancing effects of the addition of PARP1-inhibitors to chemoradiotherapy and thermoradiotherapy. The aim of our present study was to test efficacy of different combinations of treatment modalities radiotherapy, cisplatin, hyperthermia and PARP1-inhibitors using tumor models, treated patient samples and tumor models.

Cardiovascular Complications During Delivery Hospitalization in Patients With Psoriasis.

Background: Psoriasis in pregnancy is associated with adverse maternal outcomes. However, there are limited data on this subject.

Objectives: The purpose of our study was to investigate the association between psoriasis and related cardiovascular complications during delivery.

The 2025 Motile Active Matter Roadmap.

Activity and autonomous motion are fundamental aspects of many living and engineering systems. Here, the scale of biological agents covers a wide range, from nanomotors, cytoskeleton, and cells, to insects, fish, birds, and people. Inspired by biological active systems, various types of autonomous synthetic nano- and micromachines have been designed, which provide the basis for multifunctional, highly responsive, intelligent active materials.

In clinical hand osteoarthritis research, self-reported pain questionnaires do not reflect the patient experience.

Objective: Pain in hand osteoarthritis (OA) is evaluated with repeated pain questionnaires. It is unclear whether these questionnaires adequately capture changes in pain recalled by patients. This study investigated whether changes on pain questionnaires (real-time evaluation) correspond to recalled pain.

Differentiation of Atherosclerotic Carotid Plaque Components With Dual-Energy Computed Tomography.

Objectives: Carotid plaque vulnerability is a strong predictor of recurrent ipsilateral stroke, but differentiation of plaque components using conventional computed tomography (CT) is suboptimal. The aim of our study was to evaluate the ability of dual-energy CT (DECT) to characterize atherosclerotic carotid plaque components based on the effective atomic number and effective electron density using magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) and, where possible, histology as the reference standard.

Materials And Methods: Patients with recent cerebral ischemia and a ≥2-mm carotid plaque underwent computed tomography angiography and MRI.