The misalignment of incentives in academic publishing and implications for journal reform.

For most researchers, academic publishing serves two goals that are often misaligned-knowledge dissemination and establishing scientific credentials. While both goals can encourage research with significant depth and scope, the latter can also pressure scholars to maximize publication metrics. Commercial publishing companies have capitalized on the centrality of publishing to the scientific enterprises of knowledge dissemination and academic recognition to extract large profits from academia by leveraging unpaid services from reviewers, creating financial barriers to research dissemination, and imposing substantial fees for open access.

Minimization of the Bacillus subtilis divisome suggests FtsZ and SepF can form an active Z-ring, and reveals the amino acid transporter BraB as a new cell division influencing factor.

Bacterial cytokinesis begins with polymerization of the tubulin homologue FtsZ into a ring-like structure at midcell, the Z-ring, which recruits the late cell division proteins that synthesize the division septum. Assembly of FtsZ is carefully regulated and supported by a dozen conserved cell division proteins. Generally, these proteins are not essential, but removing more than one is in many cases lethal.

The association of physical function and physical performance with DNA methylation clocks in oldest-old living in Singapore - the SG90 cohort.

Deoxyribonucleic acid (DNA) methylation (DNAm) clocks estimate biological age according to DNA methylation. This study investigated the associations between measures of physical function and physical performance and ten DNAm clocks in the oldest-old in Singapore. The SG90 cohort included a subset of community-dwelling oldest-old from the Singapore Chinese Health Study (SCHS) and Singapore Longitudinal Ageing Study (SLAS).

An MRI assessment of mechanisms underlying lesion growth and shrinkage in multiple sclerosis.

Objective: To assess the pathological mechanisms contributing to white matter (WM) lesion expansion or contraction and remyelination in multiple sclerosis (MS).

Methods: We assessed 1,613 lesions in 49 people with relapsing-remitting MS in the CCMR-One bexarotene trial (EudraCT 2014-003145-99). We measured lesion orientation relative to WM tracts, surface-in gradients and veins.

Anti-tumor Necrosis Factor Drug Concentration Is Not Associated with Disease Outcomes in Pouchitis: A Retrospective, International Study.

Background: Therapeutic drug monitoring is important for optimizing anti-tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α) therapy in inflammatory bowel disease. However, the exposure-response relationship has never been assessed in pouchitis.

Aims: To explore associations between anti-TNF-α drug concentration and pouchitis disease activity in patients with a background of ulcerative colitis.

Photochemical Evolution of Alanine in Association with the Martian Soil Analog Montmorillonite: Insights Derived from Experiments Conducted on the International Space Station.

The (PSS) experiment was part of the European Space Agency's mission and was conducted on the International Space Station from 2014 to 2016. The PSS experiment investigated the properties of montmorillonite clay as a protective shield against degradation of organic compounds that were exposed to elevated levels of ultraviolet (UV) radiation in space. Additionally, we examined the potential for montmorillonite to catalyze UV-induced breakdown of the amino acid alanine and its potential to trap the resulting photochemical byproducts within its interlayers.

The impact of stepfamily structure on older parents' frequency of contact with and care receipt from adult biological and stepchildren in the Netherlands.

Objectives: Older people are increasingly entering their later years in stepfamilies. Because adult children play a central role in older parents' support networks, there is concern that the generally weaker intergenerational ties found in stepfamilies may imply an impending deficit in the care available to stepparents. It is currently unclear whether there are differences across stepfamily types including stepfamilies with only biological children.

Nature and stability of the chemical bond in H3C-XHn (XHn = CH3, NH2, OH, F, Cl, Br, I).

We have quantum chemically analyzed the trends in bond dissociation enthalpy (BDE) of H3C-XHn single bonds (XHn = CH3, NH2, OH, F, Cl, Br, I) along three different dissociation pathways at ZORA-BLYP-D3(BJ)/TZ2P: (i) homolytic dissociation into H3C∙ + ∙XHn, (ii) heterolytic dissociation into H3C+ + -XHn, and (iii) heterolytic dissociation into H3C- + +XHn. The associated BDEs for the three pathways differ not only quantitatively but, in some cases, also in terms of opposite trends along the C-X series. Based on activation strain analyses and quantitative molecular orbital theory, we explain how these differences are caused by the profoundly different electronic structures of, and thus bonding mechanisms between, the resulting fragments in the three different dissociation pathways.

Mediation of modifiable risk factors in two multidomain dementia prevention trials.

Introduction: We explored which dementia risk factors in two multidomain prevention trials mediate beneficial, neutral, or counteracting effects on dementia incidence.

Methods: We pooled data from the multidomain MAPT (Multidomain Alzheimer Preventive Trial; n = 1679, up to 5-year follow-up) and preDIVA trials (Prevention of Dementia by Intensive Vascular Care; n = 3526, up to 12-year follow-up) in adults aged 70+. We used multiple mediation analysis to quantify the role of 2-year changes in body mass index, systolic blood pressure, total cholesterol, and physical activity in the intervention effects on dementia incidence.

Heparin-Binding Protein in Cerebrospinal Fluid as a Biomarker for Bacterial Meningitis: A Study of Diagnostic Accuracy.

Objective: We aimed to evaluate the diagnostic accuracy of heparin-binding protein (HBP) in cerebrospinal fluid for the diagnosis of bacterial meningitis in patients with a suspected central nervous system infection.

Methods: This prospective multicenter cohort study determined the diagnostic accuracy of HBP in cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) for bacterial meningitis among a cohort of consecutive patients with a suspected central nervous infection. The final clinical diagnosis was considered the reference standard.

FOXP2-immunoreactive corticothalamic neurons in neocortical layers 6a and 6b are tightly regulated by neuromodulatory systems.

The / gene, linked to fine motor control in vertebrates, is a potential candidate gene thought to play a prominent role in human language production. It is expressed specifically in a subset of corticothalamic (CT) pyramidal cells (PCs) in layer 6 (L6) of the neocortex. These L6 FOXP2+ PCs project exclusively to the thalamus, with L6a PCs targeting first-order or both first- and higher-order thalamic nuclei, whereas L6b PCs connect only to higher-order nuclei.

A qualitative study on general practitioners' perspectives on late-life depression in Singapore-part II: system- and physician-related factors.

Background: Little is known about the practices and resources employed by general practitioners (GPs) in Singapore to manage late-life depression. As the country is stepping up its efforts to promote collaborative care across community mental health and geriatric care, understanding GPs' current practices when managing late-life depression appears timely.

Methods: This qualitative descriptive study explored the perspectives on late-life depression of 28 private GPs practicing in Singapore through online semi-structured group and individual interviews.

Roads to remission: evolving treatment concepts in type 2 inflammatory diseases.

Unlabelled: Non-communicable diseases (NCDs) characterised by type 2 inflammation, including asthma, allergic rhinitis, chronic rhinosinusitis with nasal polyps, atopic dermatitis, food allergies and eosinophilic esophagitis, are increasing in prevalence worldwide. Currently, there is a major paradigm shift in the management of these diseases, towards the concept of disease modification and the treatment goal remission, regardless of severity and age. Remission as a treatment goal in chronic inflammatory NCDs was first introduced in rheumatoid arthritis, and then adopted in other non-type 2 inflammatory diseases.

Associations between degree of food processing and all-cause and cause-specific mortality: a multicentre prospective cohort analysis in 9 European countries.

Background: Ultra-processed food (UPF) consumption has been linked with higher risk of mortality. This multi-centre study investigated associations between food intake by degree of processing, using the Nova classification, and all-cause and cause-specific mortality.

Methods: This study analyzed data from the European Prospective Investigation into Cancer and Nutrition.

Missing value replacement in strings and applications.

Missing values arise routinely in real-world sequential (string) datasets due to: (1) imprecise data measurements; (2) flexible sequence modeling, such as binding profiles of molecular sequences; or (3) the existence of confidential information in a dataset which has been deleted deliberately for privacy protection. In order to analyze such datasets, it is often important to replace each missing value, with one or more letters, in an efficient and effective way. Here we formalize this task as a combinatorial optimization problem: the set of constraints includes the of the missing value (i.

Secondary Subtalar Arthrodesis: Surgical Outcome and Predictors of Functional Outcome and Quality of Life After Bone Block Distraction vs In Situ Technique.

Background: The outcome of a secondary subtalar arthrodesis after prior calcaneal fracture has been widely described. However, the surgical treatment has evolved significantly over the past decade, paralleling the shifts observed in primary repair strategies. Therefore, we describe the outcome following a secondary arthrodesis after an intra-articular calcaneal fracture, comparing the in situ (ISA) and bone block distraction arthrodesis (BBDA) techniques.

Nurses' self-efficacy and outcome expectancy in evidence-based practice: Translation, construct validity and internal consistency of the Dutch scales.

Background: Evidence-based practice (EBP) is crucial for appropriate, effective, and affordable care. Despite EBP education, barriers like low self-efficacy and outcome expectancy limit nurses' engagement in EBP. Reliable scales are essential to evaluate interventions aimed at improving self-efficacy and outcome expectancy in EBP.

Proposing a two-stage screening approach to distinguish between transient and enduring postnatal depressive symptoms: A prospective cohort study.

Background: Screening for perinatal depression using the Edinburgh Postnatal Depression Scale (EPDS) improves detection and increases health service utilization. However, previous studies with antenatal samples indicate that positive screenings might reflect transient distress that resolves without intervention, raising concerns about over-pathologizing typical postnatal responses and inefficiencies in referral practices. Therefore, distinguishing between transient and enduring depressive symptoms for appropriate referrals to secondary services is crucial, highlighting the need for a refined screening practice.

Implementing IPE in a Workplace Setting: Educational Design Research Promotes Transformative Participation.

Background: Educators struggle to implement Interprofessional Education (IPE) in workplace settings. We adopted an educational design research (EDR) approach to implement an IPE activity and establish design principles supporting IPE implementation in workplace settings.

Method: We adopted an iterative process of analysis/exploration, design/construction and evaluation/reflection.

Priority effects, nutrition and milk glycan-metabolic potential drive subspecies dynamics in the infant gut microbiome.

Background: The initial colonization of the infant gut is a complex process that defines the foundation for a healthy microbiome development. is one of the first colonizers of newborns' gut, playing a crucial role in the healthy development of both the host and its microbiome. However, exhibits significant genomic diversity, with subspecies ( subsp.

Multiwavelength constraints on the origin of a nearby repeating fast radio burst source in a globular cluster.

The precise origins of fast radio bursts (FRBs) remain unknown. Multiwavelength observations of nearby FRB sources can provide important insights into the enigmatic FRB phenomenon. Here we present results from a sensitive, broadband X-ray and radio observational campaign of FRB 20200120E, the closest known extragalactic repeating FRB source (located 3.

Parent's Perspective on Continuity of Care in the Maternity Care and Child Health Services Continuum: A Qualitative Systematic Review.

Introduction: While the World Health Organization (WHO) advocates organizing maternity care and preventive child healthcare (PCHC) as people-centred, integrated healthcare services, globally these services are often established separately, causing discontinuity of care. Our aim is to synthesize the evidence concerning what impacts parents' experience of continuity of care, and how to promote it.

Methods: Qualitative systematic review.

Multiomic analyses direct hypotheses for Creutzfeldt-Jakob disease risk genes.

Prions are assemblies of misfolded prion protein that cause several fatal and transmissible neurodegenerative diseases, with the most common phenotype in humans being sporadic Creutzfeldt-Jakob disease (sCJD). Aside from variation of the prion protein itself, molecular risk factors are not well understood. Prion and prion-like mechanisms are thought to underpin common neurodegenerative disorders meaning that the elucidation of mechanisms could have broad relevance.

Meaning in Life as an Outcome of Inpatient or Day-Hospital Psychotherapy for Personality Disorder.

Psychotherapy may contribute to the experience of meaning in life. This study investigated meaning in life among patients with personality disorders during inpatient or day-hospital psychotherapy. Meaning in life was approached from two conceptual perspectives: personality functioning with an emphasis on self-direction and existential psychology.