Neuroanatomical and neurochemical substrates mediating fear-induced antinociception: A systematic review of rodent preclinical studies.

Fear-induced antinociception (FIA), an instinctive defensive response producing pain suppression in stressful and/or dangerous situations, has been the subject of extensive research to elucidate the mechanisms involved in triggering and controlling pain during emotional disorders. In this systematic review, we synthesized pre-clinical studies that demonstrated the neural hodology and the neurochemical bases of FIA in laboratory animals. The literature search in PubMed, Web of Science, Science Direct, and Scopus, from inception up to July 2022, retrieved 797 articles from which 50 studies were included in this review.

Knockdown Enhances Oral Cancer Cell Chemosensitivity to Cisplatin via Decreased Expression.

Emerging evidence suggests that aberrant expression levels of Sigma1 (, also known as sigma-1 receptor) have been implicated in the progression of various diseases, including cancer. However, its significance in oral cancer (OC) has not been thoroughly explored. To advance in this field, the present study aimed to investigate the impact of knockdown in oral cancer cells.

Tailoring magnesium-doped coatings for improving surface and biological properties of titanium-based dental implants.

Physicochemical modifications of biomaterials have been proposed to overcome bone integration impairment and microbial infections. The magnesium (Mg) incorporation on dental implant surfaces has shown positive results in bone-to-implant contact and in the reduction of microbial colonization. Here, we explored the potential of using different Mg precursors to synthesize coatings via plasma electrolytic oxidation (PEO) on commercially pure titanium (cpTi), aiming to optimize the surface and biological properties.

Discovery of a new eugenol-benznidazole hybrid active against different evolutive stages of Trypanosoma cruzi.

Chagas disease (CD) is a life-threatening illness caused by the protozoan Trypanosoma cruzi and there are only two drugs currently available for pharmacotherapy of this neglected infection (benznidazole and nifurtimox). Their limited efficacy in chronic phase of the disease, problems of toxicity and the growing resistance by the protozoan are directly associated to high rates of drug discontinuation by the patients. In the context of the search for new trypanocidal drug candidates, our group has been working with the chemical manipulation of eugenol to obtain new agents active against T.

Association Between Metabolic Disorders and Cognitive Domains in Community-Dwelling Older Adults.

Objectives: evaluate the association between Metabolic Syndrome (MetS) and cognitive performance (global and in each domain) in community-dwelling older adults.

Methods: cross-sectional study with 544 participants (≥60 years). Cognition was assessed using the Cognitive Abilities Screening Instrument - Short (CASI-S), evaluating four domains: memory, orientation, executive function, recall.

Toward New Therapeutics for Visceral Leishmaniasis: Efficacy and Mechanism of Action of Amides Inspired by Gibbilimbol B.

The problems with current strategies to control canine visceral Leishmaniasis (CVL), which include the euthanasia of infected animals, and also the toxicity of the drugs currently used in human treatments for CVL, add urgency to the search for new therapeutic agents. This study aimed to evaluate the activity against of 12 amides that are chemically inspired by gibbilimbol B, a bioactive natural product that was initially obtained from . Three of these compounds--(2-ethylhexyl)-4-chlorobenzamide (), -(2-ethylhexyl)-4-nitrobenzamide (), and -(2-ethylhexyl)-4-(-butyl)benzamide () -demonstrated activity against the intracellular amastigotes without toxicity to mammalian host cells (CC > 200 μM); compounds , , and resulted in EC values of 12.

Relationship Between Vitamin D Insufficiency and Anemia in Older Adults: An Approach Considering Clinical Aspects and Food Insecurity.

Background/objectives: Studies have shown a high prevalence of anemia and vitamin D insufficiency in older adults, and the literature suggests a relationship between these two conditions, as vitamin D insufficiency may impair erythrocyte synthesis. Food insecurity refers to the lack of regular access to sufficient and nutritious food, which can directly affect health by worsening conditions such as anemia and vitamin D insufficiency. This study evaluated the association between vitamin D insufficiency and anemia in older adults.

Neuritogenesis and protective effects activated by Angiotensin 1-7 in astrocytes-neuron interaction.

The renin angiotensin system (RAS) has been studied for its effects on various neurological disorders. The identification of functional receptors for Ang-(1-7) and Ang II peptides in astrocytes highlights the physiological modulation and the important role of these cells in the central nervous system. The present study aims to understand the role of RAS peptides, particularly Ang-(1-7) and Ang II, in the secretion of trophic factors by astrocytes and their effects on hippocampal neurons.

Exposing telomere length's impact on malnutrition risk among older adults residing in the community: Insights from cross-sectional data analysis.

Background: Successful aging is associated with an increase in life expectancy. For a better understanding of the aging process, recognize the relationship between telomere length and nutritional status is a novel approach in geriatric science. Telomers shortening coincides with a decrease in life expectancy, and an increased risk of malnutrition-related diseases.

Novel apocynin regulates TRPV1 activity in the trigeminal system and controls pain in a temporomandibular joint neurogenic model.

Objective: Herein, we investigate the potential analgesic effect of a newly synthesized chalcone-derived apocynin in a neurogenic pain model.

Methods: Molecular docking was used to foretell the apocynin binding features and dynamics with the TRPV1 channel, and the activity was tested in vitro, using transfected HEK 293T cells with the rat TRPV1 receptor. The analgesic effect of apocynin was investigated using a capsaicin-induced pain model.

Online restricted access molecularly imprinted solid phase extraction coupled with electrospray ionization-tandem mass spectrometry for determination of mebendazole and albendazole in milk samples.

Multifunctional materials, such as restricted access molecularly imprinted polymers covered with bovine serum albumin (RAMIP-BSA), are effective alternatives for sample preparation techniques. This material selectively adsorbs analytes while excluding macromolecules, enhancing the analysis's efficiency. Among analytical techniques, ESI-MS/MS (Electrospray Ionization-Tandem Mass Spectrometry) has successfully identified and quantified various molecules, including trace-level drugs.

High-Resolution Tandem Mass Spectrometry for Metabolic Profiling of Ocotea diospyrifolia (Meisn.) Mez Leaves.

Ocotea is an important genus of Lauraceae plant family that comprises over 400 species, many of which pose challenges in taxonomic differentiation due to their complex botanical characteristics. Chemosystematics, and more recently, chemophenetics, have emerged as valuable tools to address these challenges based on their natural products (NPs) composition. O.

Seasonal and circadian rhythms of clerodane diterpenes and glycosylated flavonoids in two varieties of Sw. (Salicaceae).

Sw. (Salicaceae) is noted for its morphological and chemical plasticity and pharmacological properties. The present study investigates two of its varieties: var.

Phytochemistry and Evaluation of the Anti-Inflammatory Activity of the Hydroethanolic Extract of (Benth.) Warb. Stem Bark.

Background: Previous studies of the hydroethanolic extract of inner stem bark (HEVe) have demonstrated its antioxidant, gastroprotective, and antiulcer properties, but have not evaluated its anti-inflammatory potential.

Methods: HEVe was obtained by maceration and phytochemically analyzed. Its systemic anti-inflammatory activity was assessed by its effect on lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-induced peritonitis in mice.

Evaluation of the perspective of pharmacists on antimicrobial stewardship and the barriers to its consolidation in hospitals: a cross-sectional study.

Antimicrobial Stewardship Programs (ASPs) are associated with positive outcomes, but seem to be consolidated in few hospitals. This study aimed to evaluate ASPs in Brazilian hospitals and the barriers to their consolidation from the pharmacists' perspective. This is a cross-sectional study.

Bioguided isolation of anti-inflammatory and anti-urolithiatic active compounds from the decoction of Cissus gongylodes leaves.

Ethnopharmacological Relevance: The Cissus gongylodes has traditionally been used in the diet of indigenous people in Brazil and in traditional medicine for kidney stone removal and inflammatory diseases. The active compounds responsible for these pharmacological activities are unknown.

Aim Of The Study: This study aims to isolate, for the first time, the compounds in the decoction of C.

Shorter Telomere Length is Associated with Food Insecurity in Older People: A Cross-Sectional Study.

Background: Telomere length has been investigated as a biomarker of biological aging and is associated with several diseases, lifestyle, and socioeconomic factors.

Objective: This study aimed to verify whether food insecurity is associated with shorter telomere length in older people.

Methods: This is a cross-sectional study carried out in a municipality in the interior of Brazil, with a sample of 440 older people from the community.

Psychometric Evaluation of the Medical Outcomes Study Social Support Survey in Brazilian Older People Psychometric Evaluation of MOS-SSS.

Objectives: To evaluate the psychometric properties of different factorial models of the Medical Outcomes Study Social Support Survey (MOS-SSS) and screen the frequency of social support in older Brazilians.

Method: Methodological study. Five factorial models of the MOS-SSS were tested for their validity and reliability using three Brazilian samples from different locations in the country.

Joint modeling of longitudinal and survival data for the evaluation of the impact of irrigation systems on the time until the occurrence of phoma leaf spot in Arabica coffee plants.

Background: The coffee crop is prominent in Brazilian agriculture, making the country a global power in this area. One of the main concerns in the coffee sector is disease, which can affect coffee productivity and quality. Thus, it is important to evaluate the factors that may affect coffee quality and thus enhance the development of strategies to reduce coffee losses and costs and optimize production.

E!Canasta: A card game to teach ATP synthesis and metabolic regulation in biochemistry classes.

Understanding ATP formation is essential for learning metabolism and is central to grasping metabolic processes as a whole. However, due to the high level of abstraction, the number of intermediate substrates, the connections, and integrated regulation, its comprehension often poses a challenge. This and the fact that traditional teaching methods struggle when dealing with highly abstract concepts, game-based strategies present a more concrete and dynamic alternative, which led to the creation of E!Canasta (card game).