Evaluation and Comparison of the Comprehensiveness of Canadian and American Ophthalmology Residency Program Websites.

Purpose: We descriptively and comparatively evaluated the comprehensiveness of Canadian and US-accredited ophthalmology residency program websites as of August 28, 2024.

Methods: Using Canadian Resident Matching Service ( = 15) and US Fellowship and Residency Electronic Interactive Database ( = 125), we assessed website content across seven criteria: recruitment, faculty, residents, education/research, teaching, benefits, and community. Two independent reviewers used a 40-point system, with Kruskal-Wallis and post-hoc pairwise tests for analysis by country and funding model.

Unraveling Ruminant Feed Efficiency Through Metabolomics: A Systematic Review.

Background: Advancements in metabolomic technologies have revolutionized our understanding of feed efficiency (FE) in livestock, offering new pathways to enhance both profitability and sustainability in ruminant production.

Methods: This review offers a critical and systematic evaluation of the metabolomics methods used to measure and assess FE in ruminants. We conducted a comprehensive search of PubMed, Web of Science, and Scopus databases, covering publications from 1971 to 2023.

Canadian Consensus Recommendations for Predictive Biomarker Testing in Gastric and Gastroesophageal Junction Adenocarcinoma.

Gastric cancer is common globally and has a generally poor prognosis with a low 5-year survival rate. Targeted therapies and immunotherapies have improved the treatment landscape, providing more options for efficacious treatment. The use of these therapies requires predictive biomarker testing to identify patients who can benefit from their use.

Fertility-Related Concerns in Long-Term Survivors of Childhood Cancer: A Canadian Cohort Study.

Survivors of childhood cancer face reduced fertility, which can be a significant cause for concern. Our study aimed to assess the prevalence of fertility-related concerns and identify associated factors. Self-report data were collected with the Long-Term Survivor Questionnaire at the Alberta Children's Hospital's Long-Term Survivor Clinic (LTSC) between January 2021 and September 2023.

Updates to Article Categories for Prehospital and Disaster Medicine.

For 2025, will be updating the available article categories. These changes assure that article categories are better aligned with the recently updated mission statement. The updated article categories will facilitate the publication of innovative, high-impact, evidence-based research in both prehospital and Disaster Medicine.

Impact of Climate Change on Adolescents' Health Outcomes: An Evidence Gap Map Review.

Background: The evolving impact of climate change on adolescents' health is a pressing global concern. Climate change's effects on their physical, mental, and social well-being worsen unique developmental challenges for adolescents. This study aims to map existing evidence, identify gaps, and highlight research and intervention needs.

Duration, course and caregiver burden of croup in children: two observational cohorts.

Objectives: Although croup is a common respiratory illness, there is little published regarding symptom course. We aimed to assess symptom progression and caregiver burden, and whether age, sex or season and initial severity of disease are associated with symptom duration.

Design, Setting And Participants: We conducted a secondary analysis of two Canadian prospective cohorts of children 0-16 years old diagnosed with croup; one recruited from a paediatric emergency department (ED) (307 children) between November 1999 and March 2000, and the other from 26 general EDs (1214 children) between September 2002 and April 2006.

Two case reports of MDA5-type seronegative dermatomyositis.

Dermatomyositis (DM) is an autoimmune idiopathic inflammatory myopathy with characteristic dermatologic manifestations. Myositis-specific autoantibodies (MSAs) delineate DM subtypes and their prognoses. Uncommonly, patients present with distinct clinical features of DM, including photosensitive dermatitis, heliotrope rash, Gottron's papules, and nailfold changes; however, their autoimmune serology is negative for expected MSAs.

Prolonging neutrophil room temperature storage with clinically-approved solutions: Implications for granulocyte transfusion.

Introduction: Granulocyte concentrates (GC) are leukocyte preparations enriched in neutrophils that can potentially save neutropenic patients from life-threatening, antimicrobial-resistant infections. The main challenge of GC transfusions is preserving the viability and antimicrobial activity of neutrophils beyond 24 h to reduce the logistical burden on collection centers and increase the availability of this cell therapy. Thus, the aim of this study was to explore extending the ex vivo viability and antimicrobial activity of GC neutrophils up to 72 h with a unique combination of the clinically-approved additives Plasma-Lyte, SAGM, AS-3 and Alburex.

Overview of the Canadian Clinician Investigator Trainees' Research Presented at the 2024 CSCI-CITAC Joint Meeting.

The 2024 Annual Joint Meeting (AJM) and Young Investigators' Forum of the Canadian Society for Clinical Investigation (CSCI) and Clinician Investigator Trainee Association of Canada (CITAC) was held on April 11, 2024, in Vancouver, British Columbia. Hosted in collaboration with the University of British Columbia (UBC) and the International Congress on Academic Medicine (ICAM), this meeting marked a significant opportunity for clinician investigator trainees to present their research and connect with national and international peers. The event included 70 trainees, consisting of 58 MD+ (MD/PhD, MD and PhD, MD-MSc, MD and MSc) and 12 Clinician Investigator Program and/or Surgeon-Scientist Training Program trainees.

Identification of a Founder GLDN Variant Associated With "Lethal" Arthrogryposis in Nunavik Inuit: Implications for Obstetrical and Long-Term Survivors' Management.

Biallelic variants in GLDN have recently been associated with lethal congenital contracture syndrome 11 (LCCS11), a form of fetal akinesia deformation sequence (FADS) with high neonatal mortality. In this report, we describe five individuals from two Canadian Inuit families originating from different communities in Nunavik all affected with FADS and harboring a rare homozygous missense variant, [NM_181789.4:c.

Parents' perspectives on speech-language assessment for their preschool-aged children: A scoping review.

Purpose: Assessment allows speech-language pathologists to identify clients' strengths and needs while laying the foundation for the therapeutic relationship. However, the extent to which parents' experiences with assessment has been explored in the literature is unclear. The purposes of this review were to: a) Identify and summarise the available literature on parents' experiences with speech-language assessment for their preschool-aged children, and b) identify gaps in the literature.

Pediatric eosinophilic granulomatosis with polyangiitis and intracardiac thrombus: A case report.

Eosinophilic granulomatosis with polyangiitis (EGPA) is a rare systemic necrotizing vasculitis marked by eosinophilia and extravascular granulomas, predominantly affecting the respiratory tract. This report details a unique EGPA case in a 6-year-old girl with extensive cardiac involvement, featuring an atypical intracardiac mass suggestive of endomyocardial fibrosis and a concomitant thrombus. The clinical course unfolded in three phases: an initial prodrome with asthma; subsequent peripheral hypereosinophilia; and ultimately systemic vasculitis.

Transition experiences of adolescents and young adults working with a patient navigator.

Introduction: The transition from pediatric to adult care poses challenges for adolescents and young adults (AYA) with chronic conditions and their caregivers. A patient navigator (PN) intervention may mitigate transition-related barriers.

Methods: A qualitative study was conducted within a pragmatic randomized controlled trial.

An examination of cortical thickness relationships within the reading network of adults.

Much brain imaging work has underscored the functional connections among the inferior frontal gyrus (IFG; articulation), supramarginal gyrus (SMG; letter-sound correspondence), superior temporal gyrus (STG; sound) and fusiform gyrus (FFG; print) during basic reading processes. This reading network supports and coordinates the complex processes that contribute to successful reading. In line with the Hebbian notion that 'neurons that fire together, wire together' we examined cortical thickness among these regions and the extent to which these regions showed structural relationships in average and impaired readers.

Breaking Down Bias: A Methodological Primer on Identifying, Evaluating, and Mitigating Bias in Cardiovascular Research.

Systematic error, often referred to as bias is an inherent challenge in observational cardiovascular research, and has the potential to profoundly influence the design, conduct, and interpretation of study results. If not carefully considered and managed, bias can lead to spurious results, which can misinform clinical practice or public health initiatives and compromise patient outcomes. This methodological primer offers a concise introduction to the identification, evaluation, and mitigation of bias in observational cardiovascular research studies assessing the causal association of an exposure (or treatment) on an outcome.

Increased Infectious Risk Donor Status and Equity-Relevant Predictors of Organ Donation Organization Approach and Caregiver Consent for Deceased Organ Donation in a Canadian Province (2015-2021).

Background: Current donor risk assessments to identify risk of infectious transmission through transplantation have been criticized as unnecessarily discriminatory for sexual and gender minorities. Little is known about how increased infectious risk donor (IIRD) patients transition through the deceased donation system. We sought to evaluate how IIRD status and other equity-relevant identities impacted the likelihood of a caregiver of a deceased donor being approached for organ donation and the likelihood of caregiver consent.

"FBT Is for the Rich": A Qualitative Study Examining Clinicians' Experiences and Perceptions of Treatment Access and Engagement for Diverse Families in Family-Based Treatment.

Objective: Family-based treatment (FBT) is the leading evidence-based treatment for adolescent eating disorders, but research exploring access and engagement in FBT is sparse. This paper focuses on findings from a broader study, specifically addressing the social determinants of health (SDH) impeding access and engagement in FBT for diverse families (i.e.

First record of Culex pipiens (Diptera: Culicidae) in Alberta: expanding distributions and ecotype patterns in a western Canadian province.

Culex pipiens is an invasive mosquito found in temperate regions globally. It is considered among the most important disease vectors worldwide and is responsible for the transmission of a range of pathogens, including West Nile virus, avian malaria, Saint Louis encephalitis, and filarial worms. Throughout its northern temperate range, this mosquito is found in 2 ecotypes: form pipiens and form molestus.

Randomized trial investigating the utility of a liver tissue transcriptional biomarker in identifying adult liver transplant recipients not requiring maintenance immunosuppression.

The maintenance of stable allograft status in the absence of immunosuppression, known as operational tolerance, can be achieved in a small proportion of liver transplant recipients, but we lack reliable tools to predict its spontaneous development. We conducted a prospective, multi-center, biomarker-strategy design, immunosuppression withdrawal clinical trial to determine the utility of a predictive biomarker of operational tolerance. The biomarker test, originally identified in a patient cohort with high operational tolerance prevalence, consisted of a 5-gene transcriptional signature measured in liver tissue collected before initiating immunosuppression weaning.

A review: Breeding behavior and management strategies for improving reproductive efficiency in bulls.

This review focuses on bull breeding behaviors and management strategies to improve reproductive efficiency. Breeding soundness evaluations are utilized to classify a bull's physical ability and sperm quality, yet roughly 20 % of bulls fail to meet the minimum criteria. Furthermore, despite achieving the minimum criteria, few bulls in multi-sire breeding groups sire the majority of calves, indicating a need for better understanding of bull behavior that impact siring capacity, and thus, a bull's reproductive efficiency.

Tracking of spaceflight-induced bone remodeling reveals a limited time frame for recovery of resorption sites in humans.

Mechanical unloading causes bone loss, but it remains unclear whether disuse-induced changes to bone microstructure are permanent or can be recovered upon reloading. We examined bone loss and recovery in 17 astronauts using time-lapsed high-resolution peripheral quantitative computed tomography and biochemical markers to determine whether disuse-induced changes are permanent. During 6 months in microgravity, resorption was threefold higher than formation.

A national cross-sectional survey of health literacy of caregivers attending Canadian pediatric emergency departments.

Background: Health literacy assessment is key to better meeting family needs and developing informed strategies to promote positive health outcomes for children. The objective of this study was to describe the health literacy of caregivers who use Canadian pediatric emergency departments and relate it to demographic and visit-specific variables.

Methods: This study utilized a descriptive, cross-sectional survey design with medical record review.