Chironomidae (Diptera: Insecta) of Alaska, USA, with descriptions of new species and a checklist.

The current study results from the collection of Chironomidae, which began in 1994 and continued until the present time in six biogeographical regions of Alaska, USA. We established that 427 species are currently reported from Alaska, adding 154 new faunistic records and six new species. In this study, we described Chaetocladius (Chaetocladius) kimfrangosi sp.

Late Pleistocene onset of mutualistic human/canid ( spp.) relationships in subarctic Alaska.

Large canids (wolves, dogs, and coyote) and people form a close relationship in northern (subarctic and arctic) socioecological systems. Here, we document the antiquity of this bond and the multiple ways it manifested in interior Alaska, a region key to understanding the peopling of the Americas and early northern lifeways. We compile original and existing genomic, isotopic, and osteological canid data from archaeological, paleontological, and modern sites.

Long-term effects of group rights to fisheries: Evaluating the Western Alaska Community Development Quota program.

Restricting access to fisheries and other common property resources through creation of individual transferable rights has been documented to create wealth and promote conservation, but has also reduced employment and increased inequality in fishing communities. Creating group rights instead of individual rights has been suggested as an alternative strategy that could realize the benefits with diminished social cost; however, little independent evaluation of actual implementations of group rights to fisheries has occurred. The Western Alaska Community Development Quota (CDQ) program represents an example of allocation of group fishery rights to six not-for-profit organizations representing 65 small, largely Indigenous coastal communities.

Using social research and development methods in artist-mediated workshops with Myanmar refugee women to design a culturally responsive community resettlement center.

The authors describe an arts-based social research and development approach in helping Myanmar refugee women share their ideas about the elements of a culturally responsive community support system for their resettlement in Dallas, Texas. To illuminate the relevance of the arts in social research and development using group work methods in the form of workshops, the authors involved 60 Myanmar refugee women in the co-design of a community resource in partnership with social workers. The authors recommend that evaluators and program planners gain skills in artist-mediated participatory group work methods in resettlement using the process of social research and development.

From thaw till fall: Interacting hydrology, carbon cycle, and greenhouse gas dynamics in a subarctic stream-lake continuum.

Carbon-water interaction studies between aquatic and terrestrial ecosystems are especially needed today in Arctic and Boreal regions, as they are facing drastic warming and precipitation shifts. Despite the importance of streams in the carbon cycle, northern stream-based studies are scarce, owing to a lack of measurements throughout the north, and possibly skewing global greenhouse gas estimates. We used a combination of multiscale measurements to quantify water sources (HO isotope proxies), carbon availability (dissolved in/organic carbon concentrations) and quality (water absorbance, SUVA -index), microbial community structure (16S rRNA sequencing), and carbon dioxide (CO) and methane (CH) fluxes and concentrations.

Urban tick exposure on Staten Island is higher in pet owners.

Over the past decade, Lyme and other tick-borne diseases have expanded into urban areas, including Staten Island, New York. While Lyme disease is often researched with a focus on human risk, domestic pets are also at risk of contracting the disease. The present study aims to describe differences in tick exposure, knowledge, attitude, and practices (KAP) between pet owners and non-owners, and to understand preventive strategies practiced by pet owners for themselves and their pets.

Brief report: Aging adult utilization of an mHealth intervention for problem drinking.

Alcohol consumption among aging adults is a growing concern due to its potential to exacerbate age-related health conditions. Developing accessible interventions for this demographic is imperative. Mobile health (mHealth) interventions offer a promising avenue, but their effectiveness and engagement among aging adults remain uncertain.

Toxicity of crude oil-derived polar unresolved complex mixtures to Pacific herring embryos: Insights beyond polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons.

Crude oil toxicity to early life stage fish is commonly attributed to polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs). However, it remains unclear how the polar unresolved complex mixture (UCM), which constitutes the bulk of the water-soluble fraction of crude oil, contributes to crude oil toxicity. Additionally, the role of photomodification-induced toxicity in relation to the polar UCM is not well understood.

"It's like having strong roots. We're firmly planted": Cultural identity development among Alaska Native University students.

Cultural identity is associated with positive emotional and behavioral health. However, colonialism and its forces, past and present, have led to cultural loss in many Indigenous communities, contributing to health disparities. And yet, Indigenous peoples actively resist colonialism and work to maintain and revitalize their cultures around the globe.

A Discourse Analysis of Cultural Influences on Alaska Native Successful Aging.

Geographical remoteness, limited resources, and socioeconomic disparities contribute to the migration of rural Alaska Native Elders to urban areas to access medical services and resources, improve economic situations, or reunite with family. We compared the discourse of 12 Elders in Anchorage who previously lived in four remote traditional villages in the Norton Sound region (ages 60-84) and 13 Elders in those villages (ages 48-80). Using Gee's discourse analysis framework, two patterns emerged detailing cultural effects on identity and Eldership, illuminating differences in the self-evaluation of successful aging based on cultural influences and the role of contextual factors.

Training community members to deliver an intervention for substance use disorder: Overcoming implementation barriers in American Indian communities.

Introduction: Although American Indian and Alaska Native (AI/AN) people have high rates of abstinence from alcohol and other drugs, there also is evidence of greater rates of substance use disorders (SUDs) in Native communities. Health disparities associated with substance use are compounded by inadequate access to evidence-based treatments (EBTs). Lack of mental health providers is one notable barrier to EBT implementation in rural AI reservation communities.

A multi-method assessment of emotional processes predicting longitudinal anxiety symptom trajectories in an adolescent clinical sample.

Objective: Emotion recognition, reactivity, and regulation are important in the development and maintenance of anxiety disorders. Whether and how these processes differentiate between different trajectories in anxiety remain unclear. The current study examined emotional processes as prospective predictors of anxiety symptom trajectories in psychiatrically hospitalized youth.

Telehealth Lifestyle Pilot Study for Improving Occupational Performance in Older Adults.

Occupation-centered lifestyle interventions improve health and delay age-related declines in older adults; however, little is known about the impact of a brief telehealth lifestyle program delivered individually. This pilot investigated the Holistic Occupational Performance Empowerment (HOPE) program on occupational performance and health-related quality of life. Twelve community-dwelling older adults completed six weekly lifestyle sessions to enhance behavior change toward individualized health goals.

Risk perception and reappraisal during the COVID-19 pandemic in southeast Alaska: Self-identified determinants of risk and protective health behaviors.

Social and cultural context shapes how communities perceive health, well-being, and risk. Risk reappraisal can occur over time as a product of new information and improved understanding. We investigate risk perception and protective behaviors in Lingít Aaní (Southeast Alaska) during the first year of the COVID-19 pandemic.

Body size and early marine conditions drive changes in Chinook salmon productivity across northern latitude ecosystems.

Disentangling the influences of climate change from other stressors affecting the population dynamics of aquatic species is particularly pressing for northern latitude ecosystems, where climate-driven warming is occurring faster than the global average. Chinook salmon (Oncorhynchus tshawytscha) in the Yukon-Kuskokwim (YK) region occupy the northern extent of their species' range and are experiencing prolonged declines in abundance resulting in fisheries closures and impacts to the well-being of Indigenous people and local communities. These declines have been associated with physical (e.

Process evaluation and impact results of the worksite component of a multilevel, multicomponent obesity prevention trial in six Native American communities.

Native Americans (NA) have higher obesity rates compared to other populations. Employed adults spend a significant amount of time at work. OPREVENT2, an obesity prevention trial in 6 NA communities, included a worksite component that incorporated nutrition and physical activity educational media, competitions, tastes tests, and coffee station makeovers.

Using Planned and Unplanned Adaptation to Implement Universal Alcohol Screening and Brief Intervention to Prevent Alcohol-Exposed Pregnancies in Four Primary Care Health Systems.

Background: The United States Preventive Services Task Force recommends annual alcohol screening and brief behavioral intervention (alcohol SBI) with general adult and pregnant populations. Implementation of alcohol SBI in primary care has encountered numerous barriers to adapting procedures and infrastructure to support its routine delivery. This collection of case studies describes the implementation strategies used by 4 academic health system teams that were funded by the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention to implement alcohol SBI within healthcare systems to prevent alcohol-exposed pregnancies.

Multi-Level Approaches to Fetal Alcohol Spectrum Disorders Prevention Education and Training for Health Professionals.

Background: Alcohol-exposed pregnancies, which can lead to fetal alcohol spectrum disorders (FASDs), is one of the most common preventable causes of lifelong intellectual and developmental disabilities in the U.S. Healthcare teams can play a critical role in preventing FASDs; however, they are currently unprepared to do so.

Microbial urea-nitrogen recycling in arctic ground squirrels: the effect of ambient temperature of hibernation.

Energy conservation associated with hibernation is maximized at the intersection of low body temperature (T), long torpor bouts, and few interbout arousals. In the arctic ground squirrel (Urocitellus parryii), energy conservation during hibernation is best achieved at ambient temperatures (T) around 0 °C; however, they spend the majority of hibernation at considerably lower T. Because arctic ground squirrels switch to mixed fuel metabolism, including protein catabolism, at extreme low T of hibernation, we sought to investigate how microbial urea-nitrogen recycling is used under different thermal conditions.