Lung resection and new postoperative home oxygen requirement: a systematic review.

Background: While patients are assessed for their ability to tolerate surgery through physiologic evaluations such as pulmonary function tests, ventilation-perfusion scans, and exercising testing, some patients still require home oxygen therapy after pulmonary resection. It is not well understood what the associated risk factors are, how long patients need supplemental oxygen, and if this requirement is associated with worse long-term outcomes. Given these knowledge gaps, we sought to conduct a systematic review of pulmonary resections and new postoperative home oxygen requirement.

Prolonged nightly fasting in older adults with memory decline: A single-group pilot study exploring changes in cognitive function and cardiometabolic risk factors.

Introduction: Older age significantly increases risk for cognitive decline. A growing number of older adults (≥ 65 years) experience cognitive decline that compromises immediate and/or long-term health. Interventions to mitigate cognitive decline are greatly needed.

Variations in Octreotide Dosing in Published Reports of Sulfonylurea Toxicity: A Systematic Review, 1988-Present.

Background: Octreotide is commonly used to treat hypoglycemia due to sulfonylurea toxicity, but optimal dosing for this indication is not well defined.

Methods: We performed a systematic review to identify cases in the medical literature of octreotide use for sulfonylurea poisoning. Literature published on octreotide and sulfonylureas between octreotide's FDA approval on 10/21/1988 and 8/15/2024 was reviewed.

Phase I Dose Volume Escalation of Rectally Administered PC-1005 to Assess Safety, Pharmacokinetics, and Antiviral Pharmacodynamics as a Multipurpose Prevention Technology (MTN-037).

Background: On demand, topical PrEP is desired by those preferring episodic, nonsystemic PrEP. PC-1005 gel (MIV-150, zinc, and carrageenan) exhibits in vitro antiviral HIV-1, human papillomavirus (HPV), and herpes simplex virus type 2 (HSV-2) activity, attractive for a multipurpose prevention technology candidate. We evaluated the safety, pharmacokinetics, and antiviral effect of rectally applied PC-1005.

Acute Effects of Serial and Integrated Concurrent Exercise on Circulating microRNAs -126 and -222 in Sedentary Adults.

The purpose of this study was to compare changes in circulating microRNAs -126 (c-miR-126) and -222 (c-miR-222) following acute serial concurrent exercise (SCE) and integrated concurrent exercise (ICE) sessions among young, sedentary adults. Ten males and 9 females completed the study procedures. For SCE, participants performed resistance exercise (RE) followed by aerobic exercise (AE), without mixing the two.

Stakeholder Perspectives on the Role of Peer Mentors in the Implementation of Long-Acting Antiretroviral Therapy for Use by Adolescents and Young People in Western Kenya: Findings from a Formative Study, KuwaFree! LiveFree!

Long-acting antiretroviral treatment (LA ART) is a forthcoming option for adolescents and young people living with HIV (AYPLHIV), but perspectives on using peer mentors to implement LA ART for AYPLHIV are unknown. We conducted seven focus group discussions ( = 58 participants) from November 2021 to April 2022 in Kenya with four stakeholder groups, including AYPLHIV, healthcare providers, advocates, and policymakers. We used inductive coding and thematic analysis.

Health impacts of a remotely delivered prolonged nightly fasting intervention in stressed adults with memory decline and obesity: A nationwide randomized controlled pilot trial.

Objective/goals: Cognitive decline is intricately linked to various factors such as obesity, stress, poor sleep, and circadian rhythm misalignment, which are interrelated in their impact on cognitive health. Irregular food-intake timing further compounds these issues. The practice of prolonged nightly fasting (PNF) may help synchronize food intake with circadian rhythms, potentially mitigating adverse effects of cognitive decline and associated factors.

Cancer-related health behaviors during the COVID 19 pandemic in geographically diverse samples across the US.

Background: The COVID-19 pandemic involved business closures (e.g., gyms), social distancing policies, and prolonged stressful situations that may have impacted engagement in health behaviors.

Quantum Chemical Determination of Molecular Dye Candidates for Non-Invasive Bioimaging.

Molecular dyes containing carbazole-based π bridges and/or julolidine-based donors should be promising molecules for intense SWIR emission with potential application to molecular bioimaging. This study stochastically analyzes the combinations of more than 250 organic dyes constructed within the D-π-D (or equivalently D-B-D) motif. These dyes are built from 22 donors (D) and 14 π bridges (B) and are computationally examined using density functional theory (DFT).

Microbubble-Protected Oncolytic Virotherapy Targeted by Sonoporation Induces Tumor Necrosis and T-Lymphocyte Infiltration in Humanized Mice Bearing Triple-Negative Breast Cancer.

Oncolytic virotherapy has shown great promise in mediating targeted tumor destruction through tumor-selective replication and induction of anti-tumor immunity; however, obstacles remain for virus candidates to reach the clinic. These include avoiding neutralizing antibodies, preventing stimulation of the adaptive immune response during intravenous administration, and inducing sufficient apoptosis and immune activation so that the body's defense can work to eradicate systemic disease. We have developed a co-formulation of oncolytic viruses (OVs) with Imagent lipid-encapsulated, perfluorocarbon microbubbles (MBs) to protect the OVs from the innate and adaptive immune system.

Bidirectional associations between responsive parenting and children's internalizing problems and moderation by negative emotionality.

Positive parenting behaviors and children's internalizing problems (Int. Probs) are bidirectionally associated during late childhood and early adolescence. These bidirectional associations likely emerge earlier and may be stronger when children are prone to reactive negative emotions, making parents' support especially critical in children's regulation of negative emotions.

An online approach to teaching graduate nursing students to write integrative literature reviews: Examples from two published cases.

Aim/objective: To empower nursing graduate students, in master's or doctoral programs, through distance-accessible methods for conducting integrative reviews, enhancing their ability to transition from clinical to publication-oriented writing.

Background: Mastering literature review methods is vital for advancing evidence-based practice. Integrative reviews, inclusive of multiple research methodologies, offer a comprehensive approach suited for nursing students.

Facing stress and inflammation: From the cell to the planet.

As identified in 1936 by Hans Selye, stress is shaping diseases through the induction of inflammation. But inflammation display some yin yang properties. On one hand inflammation is merging with the innate immune response aimed to fight infectious or sterile insults, on the other hand inflammation favors chronic physical or psychological disorders.

Comparison of clinical and abdominal CT imaging findings in children evaluated for abusive and accidental abdominal trauma.

Background: Diagnosis of child abuse in children evaluated for a blunt abdominal trauma can be challenging due to overlapping types of injuries.

Objective: Identify clinical characteristics and CT findings that differentiate children evaluated for accidental abdominal trauma (AcAT) and abusive abdominal trauma (AbAT).

Materials And Methods: Retrospective (1/2010 to 6/2024) study on children < 3 years-old who had an abdominal CT scan for AcAT or AbAT.

Cardiac Tumor Within the Left Ventricle: Thrombus or Something Else?

Papillary fibroelastoma is a benign cardiac tumor that most commonly arises from the valvular endocardium and is typically resected because of its predisposition to cause embolic complications. In this clinical vignette, we describe the case of a patient who presented with a round, mobile 1.3 × 1.

Early user perspectives on using computer-aided detection software for interpreting chest X-ray images to enhance access and quality of care for persons with tuberculosis.

Despite 30 years as a public health emergency, tuberculosis (TB) remains one of the world's deadliest diseases. Most deaths are among persons with TB who are not reached with diagnosis and treatment. Thus, timely screening and accurate detection of TB, particularly using sensitive tools such as chest radiography, is crucial for reducing the global burden of this disease.

The Survey of Barriers for Vaginal Access Surgery Study.

Study Objective: The primary objective of this study was to describe vaginal hysterectomy practice patterns as well as facilitators and inhibitors to performing vaginal hysterectomy among gynecologic surgeons. Secondary objectives were to describe facilitators and inhibitors to the teaching and training of vaginal hysterectomy.

Design: A quantitative analysis of an online survey and qualitative analyses of the one-on-one interviews with gynecologic surgeons were conducted.