Respiratory responses and isocapnic buffering phase in child and youth soccer players during an incremental exercise test.

Purpose: This study investigated the respiratory response and isocapnic buffering (IB) phase during an incremental exercise test to exhaustion in 16 child soccer players (11.9±0.9 years) and 18 youth soccer players (18.

Assessment of oxidative stress and tissue damage in Echinococcus granulosus naturally infected bovine liver.

Echinococcus granulosus is a zoonotic parasite infects many livestock species, especially cattle, sheep, goat and buffalo, causing cystic echinococcosis. The aim of this study was to demonstrate the presence of the parasite and parasitic tissue damage histopathologically and to determine the role of oxidative stress in the tissue damage through the immunohistochemical detection of the oxidative damage-marker malondialdehyde (MDA) and the antioxidant response-marker superoxide dismutase (SOD). The material of the study consisted of 20 liver samples with Echinococcus cysts and 10 E.

Urbanization-driven soil degradation; ecological risks and human health implications.

Urban soils contaminated with heavy metals and pesticide residues are of great concern because of their adverse impact on human health. A total of 66 agricultural topsoil samples (15 cm) were collected to represent the study area and determine how anthropogenic activities adversely affect soil quality and human health. Sampling was conducted in the summer, when it was dry and hot, and in the winter, after atmospheric deposition.

Air and Moisture Stable - and -Quinodimethane Derivatives Derived from --Heterocyclic Olefins.

Herein we report the development of a new methodology for the synthesis of various quinodimethane derivatives under two-electron oxidation of --heterocyclic olefins linked by different π-conjugated aromatic spacers. In case of - and -phenylene bridge, we obtained air and moisture stable diimidazolium - and -quinodimethane derivatives. Analogues of the -phenylene spacer such as tetrafluoro--phenylene and -anthracene also led to the corresponding air and moisture stable quinodimethane derivatives.

Oxidative stress in neonatal lambs and its relation to health status and passive colostral immunity.

Oxidative stress (OS) related to birth in ruminants may increase susceptibility to diseases. However, information about the physiological changes related to OS in lambs is limited. This study was designed to evaluate changes in OS parameters [total antioxidant status (TAS, mmol Trolox Equiv.

Alteration in choroidal microvasculature determined by optical coherence tomography angiography in patients with acromegaly.

Aim: We aimed to investigate the retinal layers and macular capillary structure using optical coherence tomography angiography (OCTA) with acromegaly patients and determine the relationship between OCTA parameters and disease duration, Growth hormone (GH) and Insuline growth factor (IGF - 1) levels.

Patients And Method: Twenty-two patients with acromegaly who were followed up in the endocrinology outpatient clinic of Sisli Hamidiye Etfal Health Training and Research Hospital, were recruited into the study. Healthy control group was consisted of 22 age and gender matched subjects.

α,α'-Diamino--tetrafluoroquinodimethane: Stability of One- and Two-Electron Oxidized Species and Fixation of Molecular Oxygen.

Herein, we report the synthesis, characterization, and reactivity of α,α'-diamino--tetrafluoroquinodimethane, a -tetrafluorophenylene-bridged monosubstituted carbene-based Thiele's hydrocarbon . The compound exhibits a reversible two-step one-electron oxidation with a marginally stable radical cation state . The formation of the radical cation could be confirmed by electron paramagnetic resonance spectroscopy.

Protective role of silibinin over nickel sulfate-induced reproductive toxicity in male rats.

Nickel damages the male reproductive system. We investigated the beneficial effects of silibinin which has metal-chelating and antioxidant properties over nickel toxicity. Both antioxidative effects in testes and overall effects related to sperm motility, membrane and acrosome integrity of orally administered Silibinin were evaluated against the harmful effects of 30 day of intraperitoneal nickel sulfate (5 mg/kg/day) administration in rats.

Reactivity of NHC/diphosphene-coordinated Au(I)-hydride.

We report the reactivity of isolable Au(i)-hydride stabilized by an NHC-coordinated diphosphene towards substrates containing C-C and N-N multiple bonds (NHC = N-heterocyclcic carbene). Reactions with dimethyl acetylenedicarboxylate and azobenzene lead to a trans-addition of the Au(i)-H across the C-C triple bond and the N-N double bond, respectively. In contrast, the reaction with ethyl diazoacetate affords a gold(i)-hydrazonide as the 1,1-addition product to the terminal nitrogen atom.

α,α'-Diamino--quinodimethanes with Three Stable Oxidation States.

Herein, we report the rational design, synthesis, and characterization of α,α'-diamino-substituted--quinodimethanes, which are a group of partially substituted -quinodimethanes. These exhibit two reversible one-electron redox steps and electrochromism in the ultraviolet, visible, and near-infrared regions. We were able to isolate the crystalline compounds of all three oxidation states: neutral, radical cation, and dication.

Correlation between postpartum depression and spousal support and factors affecting postpartum depression.

This study was conducted to investigate the relationship between postpartum depression (PPD) and women's perceived spousal support during the early postpartum period and the prevalence of PPD and affecting factors. Data were collected using a Personal Information Form, the Edinburgh Postpartum Depression Scale (EPDS) and the Perceived Spousal Support among Women in Early Postpartum Period Scale (PSSAWEPP). The study was completed with 181 women.

Tracking acute phase protein response during acute and chronic infection.

Toxoplasmosis is a disease caused by the protozoan , which occurs worldwide in mammals and birds. Brain is the primary target organ because is a ubiquitous intracellular parasite that causes most frequently life-threatening encephalitis in immunocompromised patients. Relation of tissue cysts number, histopathology score and acute phase proteins were investigated.

Role of ADAMTS-13 and nNOS expression in neuropathogenesis of listeric encephalitis of small ruminants.

We investigated the expression of A disintegrin and metalloprotease with thrombospondin type I repeats-13 (ADAMTS-13) in the central nervous system (CNS), because it is related to blood-brain barrier (BBB) permeability. We also investigated 8-OHdG, caspase-3 and neuronal nitric oxide synthase (nNOS) expression for the cytotoxic effects of oxidative stress (OS) and nNOS, and their relation to apoptosis. We also investigated the neuroimmunopathology caused by .

First description of enhanced expression of transforming growth factor-alpha (TGF-α) and glia maturation factor-beta (GMF-β) correlate with severity of neuropathology in border disease virus-infected small ruminants.

Border disease (BD) is caused by Pestivirus and characterized by severe neuropathology, and histopathologically observed severe hypomyelination. We have previously shown that small ruminants infected with border disease virus (BDV) play an important role for neuropathology and pathogenesis of severe oxidative damage in brain tissue, neuronal mtDNA; in the production of high pathologic levels of nitric oxide; in glial cell activation and stimulation of intrinsic apoptosis pathway. This study aimed to investigate the relationship between glia maturation factor beta (GMF-β) and transforming growth factor alpha (TGF-α) expressions and the causes of BDV-induced neuropathology and to investigate their role in neuropathogenesis in a way that was not presented before.

Reactivity enhancement of a diphosphene by reversible N-heterocyclic carbene coordination.

Diphosphene TerP = PTer (; Ter = 2,6-MesCH; Mes = 2,4,6-MeCH) and NHC (NHC = 1,3,4,5-tetramethylimidazol-2-ylidene) exist in an equilibrium mixture with the NHC -coordinated diphosphene . While uncoordinated is inert to hydrolysis, the NHC adduct readily undergoes hydrolysis to afford a phosphino-substituted phosphine oxide with the liberation of NHC . On this basis, conditions suitable for the catalytic use of NHC were identified.

Reactivity of silagermenylidene toward nitrous oxide: a preliminary DFT study.

The possible reaction mechanism of silagermenylidene and its NHC (N-heterocyclic carbene) coordinated form with NO were investigated by DFT methods. Mainly, the potential energy surfaces of the five pathways I-IV were explored. Pathways I, II, III, and III' deal with the oxidation of silagermenylidene, whereas that of NHC coordinated form is associated with pathways I, III, III', and IV.

Some lectin binding properties of the tongue of the mole rat, Nannospalax xanthodon.

We investigated carbohydrate residues on the epithelial surface, in the epithelial cells and in gland cells of the tongue of the mole rat using histochemical methods. We used horseradish peroxidase-conjugated lectins from Helix pomatia (HPA), Arachishypogaea (PNA), Ulexeuropaeus (UEA I), Canavaliaensiformis (Con A). The most intense reactivity was observed in the keratin layer with HPA, UEA I and Con A, and in the epithelial cells with UEA I and Con A.

First description of enhanced expression of glia maturation factor-beta in experimental toxoplasmic encephalitis.

Objective We previously showed that Toxoplasma gondii infection induces severe neuropathology in the form of oxidative stress, high nitric oxide production, glial activation, and apoptosis. This study examined the association between glia maturation factor-beta (GMF-β) expression, activated astrocytes/microglia, and neuropathology in toxoplasmic encephalitis (TE). Methods Mouse brain GMF expression was examined by immunohistochemistry on days 10 and 30 post- T.

NHC-stabilized 1-hydrosilaimine: synthesis, structure and reactivity.

A facile, straightforward synthesis of N-heterocyclic carbene (NHC)-stabilized 1-hydrosilaimine starting from a silicon(iv)-precursor is reported. It has been employed for the addition of an O-H bond of water under ambient conditions without any additional catalyst.

Multifaceted Quadruplet of Low-Lying Spin-Zero States in ^{66}Ni: Emergence of Shape Isomerism in Light Nuclei.

A search for shape isomers in the ^{66}Ni nucleus was performed, following old suggestions of various mean-field models and recent ones, based on state-of-the-art Monte Carlo shell model (MCSM), all considering ^{66}Ni as the lightest nuclear system with shape isomerism. By employing the two-neutron transfer reaction induced by an ^{18}O beam on a ^{64}Ni target, at the sub-Coulomb barrier energy of 39 MeV, all three lowest-excited 0^{+} states in ^{66}Ni were populated and their γ decay was observed by γ-coincidence technique. The 0^{+} states lifetimes were assessed with the plunger method, yielding for the 0_{2}^{+}, 0_{3}^{+}, and 0_{4}^{+} decay to the 2_{1}^{+} state the B(E2) values of 4.

Assembly of NHC-stabilized 2-hydrophosphasilenes from Si(iv) precursors: a Lewis acid-base complex.

NHC-stabilized 2-hydrophosphasilenes are obtained from 1,2-dihydro-2-chlorophosphasilanes as Si(iv) precursors by a NHC-assisted 1,2-elimination of HCl. The NHC-exchange of these compounds is demonstrated as a proof of donor acceptor bonding between NHC and the silicon centre of the "Si[double bond, length as m-dash]P" moiety. We have also explored the possibility of similar exchanges in NHC-stabilized Si and P compounds.

A mechanistic investigation on the formation and rearrangement of silaspiropentane: A theoretical study.

The formation of silaspiropentane from addition of singlet silacyclopropylidene 1 and silacyclopropylidenoid 8 to ethylene has been investigated separately at the B3LYP, X3LYP, WB97XD, and M05-2X theories using the 6-31+G(d,p) basis set. The silacycloproylidenoid addition follows a stepwise route. In contrast, a concerted mechanism occurs for silacyclopropylidene addition.

Occurrence of microcystins in water, bloom, sediment and fish from a public water supply.

Microcystin (MC) accumulation was determined in the liver and muscle of two omnivorous fish species which are consumed and are economically important, and in a planktivorous-carnivorous fish from Lake Eğirdir, Turkey. Free extractable MCs in fish tissue samples were detected by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) with confirmation by high performance liquid chromatography with photodiode array detection (HPLC-PDA). MC-LA and -YR, were detected in both liver and muscle, followed by MCs -LY, -LF, -RR and -LR respectively.

Hepatotoxic microcystin removal using pumice embedded monolithic composite cryogel as an alternative water treatment method.

Microcystins are the most commonly encountered water-borne cyanotoxins which present short- and long-term risks to human health. Guidelines at international and national level, and legislation in some countries, have been introduced for the effective health risk management of these potent hepatotoxic, tumour-promoters. The stable cyclic structure of microcystins and their common production by cyanobacteria in waterbodies at times of high total dissolved organic carbon content presents challenges to drinking water treatment facilities, with conventional, advanced and novel strategies under evaluation.