Effects of Feed Supplementation With Fulvic Acid on the Systemic and Mucosal Protective Mechanisms of Juvenile Rainbow Trout (Oncorhynchus mykiss).

Rainbow trout (Oncorhynchus mykiss) is an important fish species raised in aquaculture, but it is susceptible to stress, infections diseases. The present study aimed to determine the effects of fulvic acid feed addition on the systemic and mucosal protective mechanisms of juvenile rainbow trout and to elucidate the underlying molecular mechanisms of changes in the gut. Rainbow trout (4.

Spray-Dried Wheat Gluten Protein Hydrolysate Microcapsules: Physicochemical Properties, Retention of Antioxidant Capability, and Release Behavior Under Simulated Gastrointestinal Digestion Conditions.

Wheat gluten is a by-product of the wheat starch industry, rich in bioactive peptides. Spray drying is an effective method for improving the stability of bioactive compounds. So, the aim of this study was to produce gluten hydrolysate by different proteases (alcalase, pancreatin, and trypsin) at different times (40-200 min).

Extremophilic Microorganisms as a Source of Emerging Enzymes for the Food Industry: A Review.

Modern-day consumers are interested in highly nutritious and safe foods with corresponding organoleptic qualities. Such foods are increasingly subjected to various processing techniques which include the use of enzymes. These enzymes like amylases, lipases, proteases, xylanases, laccases, pullulanase, chitinases, pectinases, esterases, isomerases, and dehydrogenases could be derived from extremophilic organisms such as thermophiles, psychrophiles, acidophiles, alkaliphiles, and halophiles.

Promising Probiotic Candidates for Sustainable Aquaculture: An Updated Review.

With the intensification of aquaculture to meet the rising demands of fish and shellfish, disease outbreaks during the larval and adult stages are a major challenge faced by aqua culturists. As the prophylactic use of vaccines and antibiotics has several limitations, research is now focused on sustainable alternatives to vaccines and antibiotics, e.g.

Highly Selective and Sensitive Visual Detection of Fe using a Simple Quinazoline-Based Colorimetric Sensor.

Among the various cations, the Fe ion is one of the most critical transition metal ions in living cells for many cellular functions and enzymatic activities. The decrease or overloading of Fe can lead to different disruptions in humans. Also, Fe, highly toxic, is very common in all industrial wastewater.

iTRAQ-based quantitative proteomic analysis of herbicide stress in Avena ludoviciana Durieu.

Winter wild oat (Avena sterilis subsp. ludoviciana (Durieu) Gillet & Magne) has been considered the most common and troublesome weed in wheat fields of Iran. The widespread and continuous use of herbicides has led to the emergence and development of resistant biotypes in A.

Fire and seed dormancy: A global meta-analysis.

Background And Aims: Fire-released seed dormancy (SD) is a key trait for successful germination and plant persistence in many fire-prone ecosystems. Many local studies have shown that fire-released SD depends on heat and exposure time, dose of smoke-derived compounds, SD class, plant lineage and the fire regime. However, a global quantitative analysis of fire-released SD is lacking.

Using Weighted Goal Programming Model to Achieve Genetic Gain in a Beluga Sturgeon Breeding Program.

We estimated the desired genetic gains for important traits in Beluga sturgeon (Huso huso) using an analytic hierarchy process (AHP) and weighted goal programming (WGP). Two questionnaires were distributed to 122 private Beluga sturgeon farmers in Iran in two stages. The initial stage involved the first questionnaire, which aimed to gather information on the environmental and management aspects of the farms.

Crude Oil-Induced Reproductive Disorders in Male Goldfish: Testicular Histopathology, Sex Steroid Hormones, and Sperm Swimming Kinematics.

Crude oil contamination has been shown to impair reproduction in aquatic animals through carcinogenic and genotoxic properties. Here, we assessed the endocrine-disrupting function of crude oil on male reproductive system based on testicular histology, sex steroid hormones, and fertility endpoints in adult male goldfish (Carassius auratus), which were exposed to 0.02- to 2-mg/L crude oil for 21 days (Experiment #1) or to 5- to 250-mg/L crude oil for 9 days (Experiment #2).

Polyphenol-rich extracts enhance growth, immune function, and antioxidant defense in juvenile rainbow trout ().

Introduction: The present study was conducted to investigate the effects of PMIX, a polyphenol-rich extract mixture from chestnut wood and olive, on growth performance, hematological parameters, immunity in serum and skin mucus, hepatic antioxidant enzymes, and intestinal cytokine expression in rainbow trout ().

Methods: Four experimental diets containing 0 g PMIX kg diet (control, C), 0.5 g PMIX kg diet (P0.

Formulation and characterization of low-fat breakfast cream using conjugated whey protein and modified starch.

This study investigates the impact of conjugating whey protein (WP) with modified starch (MS), utilizing the Maillard reaction, on the characteristics of low-fat breakfast cream. The combination of WP and MS is significant due to its potential to improve the nutritional profile and textural attributes of low-fat dairy products, in response to consumer demand for healthier options. Various cream formulations were prepared with different ratios and concentrations of WP-MS conjugates, and their texture, water holding capacity, and sensory attributes were systematically analyzed.

Optimization of Instant Beverage Powder Containing Propolis Extract Nanoliposomes.

Propolis is a natural resinous complex mixture produced by honeybees that contain various bioactive compounds. However, these bioactive compounds are chemically unstable and their absorption in the gastrointestinal tract is influenced by their solubility and stability. Encapsulation technology has been employed to increase their bioavailability and protect them against hostile conditions.

The Sixth Mass Extinction and Amphibian Species Sustainability Through Reproduction and Advanced Biotechnologies, Biobanking of Germplasm and Somatic Cells, and Conservation Breeding Programs (RBCs).

Primary themes in intergenerational justice are a healthy environment, the perpetuation of Earth's biodiversity, and the sustainable management of the biosphere. However, the current rate of species declines globally, ecosystem collapses driven by accelerating and catastrophic global heating, and a plethora of other threats preclude the ability of habitat protection alone to prevent a cascade of amphibian and other species mass extinctions. Reproduction and advanced biotechnologies, biobanking of germplasm and somatic cells, and conservation breeding programs (RBCs) offer a transformative change in biodiversity management.

A comprehensive review of gum-based electrospun nanofibers for food packaging: Preparation, developments, and potential applications.

Gums represent an intriguing group of biopolymers utilized in the food industry owing to their exceptional properties. These intricate carbohydrate biomolecules possess the capacity to form gels and mucilage structures by binding with water. Their stabilizing potential, heightened viscosity, emulsifying characteristics, broad compatibility, and cost-effectiveness render them a valuable resource in the realm of food packaging.

Surface modification of particles/nanoparticles to improve the stability of Pickering emulsions; a critical review.

Pickering emulsions (PEs) are dispersions stabilized by solid particles, which are derived from various materials, both organic (proteins, polysaccharides, lipids) and inorganic (metals, silica, metal oxides). These colloidal particles play a critical role in ensuring the stability and functionality of PEs, making them highly valued across multiple industries due to their enhanced stability and lower toxicity compared to conventional emulsions. The stabilization mechanisms in PEs differ from those in emulsions stabilized by surfactants or biopolymers.

The effect of thymus vulgaris extract and probiotic on growth performance, blood parameters, intestinal morphology, and litter quality of broiler chickens fed low-protein diets.

This study investigated the effects of Thymus vulgaris extract (TVE) and probiotic (Protexin) on Arian broiler chickens fed low protein diets over 42 days. The 2 × 3 factorial experiment involved two dietary crude protein (CP) levels and three supplementations, each with five replicates of 10 birds. The CP levels included a control group and a low-CP group with 5% reduced CP content.

Unveiling the nexus of scientific plans and real-world outcomes: A comparative analysis of land use optimization and agent-based simulation results in a natural landscape.

Sustainable land management requires balancing the socio-economic needs of local communities with land conservation. Effective land management programs hinge on how well plans align with the demands and actions of land users in natural landscapes. This study aimed to create optimized land use plans for a Jahan-Nama protected area in Iran as the initial step, followed by simulating stakeholder plans and conducting a comparative analysis.

Niosomal nanocarriers loaded with artemisinin has potential to enhance the functional characteristics of cryo-preserved equine spermatozoa.

Cryopreservation is a crucial method for the preservation of genetic materials. Nevertheless, this technique can have adverse effects due to cryo-oxidative damage. The primary objective of this study was to investigate the cryo-protective effects of niosomal nanocarriers loaded with artemisinin (NN-Art) on the functional attributes of equine spermatozoa.

Comparative assessment of ion-exchange/reverse osmosis and ultrafiltration/reverse osmosis for seawater desalination: environmental, economic, and operational perspectives.

The urgent need for economically viable and environmentally friendly desalination technologies to address global water scarcity is underscored. This study compares ion-exchange reverse osmosis (IX-RO) and ultrafiltration reverse osmosis (UF-RO) systems, examining their environmental impacts, energy efficiency, cost-effectiveness, and operational stability. The IX-RO system reduced water hardness and ion concentrations by 83%, while the UF-RO system achieved over 99% removal of total dissolved solids.

Recent advances in the plant protein-polyphenol interactions for the stabilization of emulsions.

Proteins from plant sources including legumes, cereals and oilseeds are gaining attention due to their suitability for sustainable production, functionality, and positive consumer perception. On the other hand, polyphenols (PPs) are receiving considerable attention as natural ingredients in the human diet due to their potent antioxidant and anti-inflammatory properties. Recent studies indicate that the emulsifying properties of plant proteins (PLPs) can be improved after modification through covalent and/or non-covalent interactions with PPs due to the changes in the conformation and/or the surface chemistry of the proteins.

Study of the economic consequences and phthalate emission caused by centralized and decentralized patterns of infectious waste management.

The development of health services of hospitals in developing countries has led to a significant increase in the production of infectious waste, which has important economic and environmental consequences. Therefore, reducing pollutant leakage caused by disinfection and reducing infectious waste management costs are important in achieving sustainable development goals in hospital management. In this study, the centralized and decentralized patterns of infectious waste management were studied in three hospitals in Behbahan, Iran.