The Basaglia Law. Returning dignity to psychiatric patients: the historical, political and social factors that led to the closure of psychiatric hospitals in Italy in 1978.

Law no. 180 of 1978, which led to the closure of psychiatric hospitals in Italy, has often been erroneously associated with one man, Franco Basaglia, but the reality is much more complex. Not only were countless people involved in the movement that led to the approval of this law, but we should also take into account the historical, social, and political factors that came into play.

Stakeholder views on the design of National Health Service perinatal mental health services: 360-degree survey.

Aims And Method: At the start of a new community perinatal mental health service in Scotland we sought the opinions and aspirations of professional and lay stakeholders. A student elective project supported the creation of an anonymous 360-degree online survey of a variety of staff and people with lived experience of suffering from or managing perinatal mental health problems. The survey was designed and piloted with trainees and volunteer patients.

Challenge GP: using gamification to bring the reality and uncertainty of a duty doctor's surgery to early year medical students.

Exposing medical student cohorts to the lived reality of uncertainty and complexity experienced by GPs is challenging to achieve. We present a novel teaching concept: 'Challenge GP' designed for early years students. Gamification methodology is used to reproduce key elements of the 'duty GP' experience in a classroom setting where working in teams, students play a competitive card game.

Renal abscess with infection from a dog bite.

We present a case of renal abscess caused by infection in a previously healthy middle-aged man. He presented with sepsis and an acute kidney injury, and although not identified on his initial assessment, he had sustained a dog bite 5 days prior to hospital admission. The patient developed left loin pain and imaging investigation revealed a renal abscess.

Abdominal cutaneous nerve entrapment syndrome: A cross sectional survey of treatment outcomes.

Objective: Abdominal Cutaneous Nerve Entrapment Syndrome (ACNES) is a common but under recognised cause of chronic abdominal wall Pain. This survey was carried out to understand the clinical course of the condition following interventions such as nerve blocks and surgical release of entrapped nerve.

Design: Retrospective, Cross-sectional survey.

Systematic Review of Prevalence Studies of Progressive Supranuclear Palsy and Corticobasal Syndrome.

Background: High-quality prevalence studies are important in estimating the burden of disease in a population, thus informing priority setting, resource allocation, delivery, and use of health services.

Objectives: This study was undertaken to systematically review the methods and results of previous prevalence studies of progressive supranuclear palsy (PSP) and corticobasal syndrome (CBS) and make recommendations for future studies.

Methods: A total of 2 authors independently identified original articles that described the prevalence of PSP or CBS using several comprehensive and overlapping search strategies, assessed study quality, and extracted relevant data.

New insights into the neural network of the nongravid uterus.

The human uterus is exposed to epigenetic factors during maturation, which might influence its neural network. The mesh muscle is formed from the circular muscle during development and maturation, and it coordinates the longitudinal and circular muscle function. The uterus has an autonomous neural network with contractility and propagation patterns that determine its reproductive potential and health during pregnancy and delivery.

The incidence, baseline predictors, and outcomes of dementia in an incident cohort of Parkinson's disease and controls.

Background: There are few long-term data on the incidence, baseline predictors, and outcomes of dementia in Parkinson's disease (PD) from prospective community-based incident cohorts.

Methods: The PINE study prospectively identified all incident PD patients in Aberdeen along with age-sex-matched, community-based controls who consented to standardized annual life-long follow-up. Each year, a clinical expert reviewed the diagnosis of PD and the presence of dementia according to DSM-IV-based criteria.

Is stroke incidence increased in survivors of adult cancers? A systematic review and meta-analysis.

Purpose: Existing research hints that people living with and beyond cancer are at an increased risk of stroke. However, there is insufficient evidence to appropriately inform guidelines for specific stroke prevention or management for cancer patients. We conducted a systematic review and meta-analysis to describe and quantify stroke incidence in people living with and beyond cancer.

Unknown unknowns: can bringing patients' lived experience of long term conditions into curriculum design help our future doctors offer more holistic, socially accountable care?

Understanding the holistic impact of long-term conditions (LTCs) on a patient, due to their high prevalence, morbidity, mortality and cost, is an important part of the primary care undergraduate medicine curriculum. Increasingly, we set learning outcomes for our students anticipating what the patient would want them to know. But are our expectations congruent with what patients would want them to know? In this leading article, we propose that patient involvement in curriculum design remains inadequate.

Improved outcomes for patients undergoing colectomy for acute severe inflammatory colitis by adopting a multi-disciplinary care bundle.

Purpose: Severe inflammatory colitis as a consequence of inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) may not be amenable to medical management, and surgery is often required. The optimal timing of surgery and perioperative therapeutic care requires a formal link between surgical department and gastroenterology which is often lacking. In this study, we assess the impact of adopting a multidisciplinary care bundle on complication rates of subtotal colectomy in IBD patients.

An innovative and authentic way of learning how to consult remotely in response to the COVID-19 pandemic.

Medical students preparing to undertake general practice (GP) placements need to be equipped with the unique skills required to successfully utilise and adapt to current and emerging remote consultation modalities used in primary care and integrate this into their day-to-day clinical practice. Medical educators needed to flexibly and quickly cater learning to the evolving landscape.A three-hour teaching session was devised to be delivered to 50 students online via Microsoft Teams™ and facilitated by five general practice tutors in groups of 10, prior to students' GP placements.

Sarcomas in the groin and inguinal canal: A 16-year single-centre experience.

Introduction: Soft tissue sarcomas arising in the groin and inguinal canal can be difficult to diagnose and manage. This is in part explained by the complex anatomy of the region. Early referral to specialist centres has been advocated, as inadvertent excision of these tumours can jeopardise definitive treatment.

Sublingual immunotherapy vs placebo in the management of grass pollen-induced allergic rhinitis in adults: A systematic review and meta-analysis.

Introduction: Allergic rhinitis (AR) is a common inflammatory condition of the nasal mucosa affecting approximately 20% of the population worldwide. Current therapies include intranasal antihistamines, corticosteroids, subcutaneous and sublingual immunotherapy (SLIT). This review and meta-analysis assess the efficacy of SLIT in the management of grass pollen-induced AR in adults.

Changing risk factors for placental abruption: A case crossover study using routinely collected data from Finland, Malta and Aberdeen.

Objective: To evaluate the effects of changes in risk factors between the first two pregnancies on the occurrence of placental abruption (PA) in the same woman.

Methods: Routinely collected obstetric data from Aberdeen Maternity and Neonatal Databank, the Maltese National Obstetric Information System and the Finnish Medical Birth Register were aggregated. Records of the first two singleton pregnancies from women who had PA in one pregnancy but not the other, were identified from this pooled dataset.

Exploratory analyses of the Danish Palliative Care Trial (DanPaCT): a randomized trial of early specialized palliative care plus standard care versus standard care in advanced cancer patients.

Background: Early and integrated specialized palliative care is often recommended but has still only been investigated in relatively few randomized clinical trials.

Objective: To investigate the effect of early specialized palliative care plus standard care versus standard care on the explorative outcomes in the Danish Palliative Care Trial (DanPaCT).

Methods: We conducted a randomized multicentre, parallel-group clinical trial.

Skill acquisition as a function of age, hand and task difficulty: Interactions between cognition and action.

Some activities can be meaningfully dichotomised as 'cognitive' or 'sensorimotor' in nature-but many cannot. This has radical implications for understanding activity limitation in disability. For example, older adults take longer to learn the serial order of a complex sequence but also exhibit slower, more variable and inaccurate motor performance.

Randomised clinical trial of early specialist palliative care plus standard care versus standard care alone in patients with advanced cancer: The Danish Palliative Care Trial.

Background: Beneficial effects of early palliative care have been found in advanced cancer, but the evidence is not unequivocal.

Aim: To investigate the effect of early specialist palliative care among advanced cancer patients identified in oncology departments.

Setting/participants: The Danish Palliative Care Trial (DanPaCT) (ClinicalTrials.

Reducing time to surgery after anterior cruciate ligament injury.

Introduction: Recent work suggests that reconstruction of the ruptured anterior cruciate ligament within 12 months of injury results in better outcomes. We present a complete audit cycle examining the effect of establishment of an Acute Knee Clinic on time to surgery.

Methods: Records of 20 anterior cruciate ligament reconstructions undertaken by the senior author between June 2003 and May 2004 were examined to identify the time to surgery.

Changes in Skiing and Snowboarding Injury Epidemiology and Attitudes to Safety in Big Sky, Montana, USA: A Comparison of 2 Cross-sectional Studies in 1996 and 2013.

Background: Despite a risk of harm, the past 20 years have seen dramatically increased participation in snow sports such as skiing, and particularly, snowboarding. This period has also seen revolutions in piste maintenance and paradigm developments in the use of safety equipment. Consequently, the numbers and characteristics of injury may be very different from those traditionally quoted.

Infertility and miscarriage: common pathways in manifestation and management.

The relationship between miscarriage and fertility is complex. While most healthcare settings treat miscarriage as a problem of subfertility in assisted reproduction units, others believe that miscarriage occurs in super-fertile women. Infertile women undergoing assisted reproduction are at a greater risk of having a miscarriage especially at an advanced age compared with women conceiving naturally.