Crisaborole reverses dysregulation of the mild to moderate atopic dermatitis proteome toward nonlesional and normal skin.

Background: Safe and effective long-term topical treatments for atopic dermatitis (AD) remain limited.

Objective: In this phase 2a, single-center, intrapatient, and vehicle-controlled study, we examine the mechanism of action of crisaborole 2% ointment, a topical nonsteroidal PDE4 (phosphodiesterase-4) inhibitor, in a proteomic analysis of 40 adults with mild to moderate AD and 20 healthy subjects.

Methods: Within the AD cohort, 2 target lesions were randomized in an intrapatient (1:1) manner to double-blind crisaborole/vehicle applied twice daily for 14 days.

Lung microRNAs Expression in Lung Cancer and COPD: A Preliminary Study.

Non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) is one of the deadliest diseases worldwide and represents an impending burden on the healthcare system. Despite increasing attention, the mechanisms underlying tumorigenesis in cancer-related diseases such as COPD remain unclear, making novel biomarkers necessary to improve lung cancer early diagnosis. MicroRNAs (miRNAs) are short non-coding RNA that interfere with several pathways and can act as oncogenes or tumor suppressors.

Long-Term Stability in Electronic Properties of Textile Organic Electrochemical Transistors for Integrated Applications.

Organic electrochemical transistors (OECTs) have demonstrated themselves to be an efficient interface between living environments and electronic devices in bioelectronic applications. The peculiar properties of conductive polymers allow new performances that overcome the limits of conventional inorganic biosensors, exploiting the high biocompatibility coupled to the ionic interaction. Moreover, the combination with biocompatible and flexible substrates, such as textile fibers, improves the interaction with living cells and allows specific new applications in the biological environment, including real-time analysis of plants' sap or human sweat monitoring.

The Emerging Role of N-Methyl-D-Aspartate (NMDA) Receptors in the Cardiovascular System: Physiological Implications, Pathological Consequences, and Therapeutic Perspectives.

N-methyl-D-aspartate receptors (NMDARs) are ligand-gated ion channels that are activated by the neurotransmitter glutamate, mediate the slow component of excitatory neurotransmission in the central nervous system (CNS), and induce long-term changes in synaptic plasticity. NMDARs are non-selective cation channels that allow the influx of extracellular Na and Ca and control cellular activity via both membrane depolarization and an increase in intracellular Ca concentration. The distribution, structure, and role of neuronal NMDARs have been extensively investigated and it is now known that they also regulate crucial functions in the non-neuronal cellular component of the CNS, i.

The Molecular Heterogeneity of Store-Operated Ca Entry in Vascular Endothelial Cells: The Different roles of Orai1 and TRPC1/TRPC4 Channels in the Transition from Ca-Selective to Non-Selective Cation Currents.

Store-operated Ca entry (SOCE) is activated in response to the inositol-1,4,5-trisphosphate (InsP)-dependent depletion of the endoplasmic reticulum (ER) Ca store and represents a ubiquitous mode of Ca influx. In vascular endothelial cells, SOCE regulates a plethora of functions that maintain cardiovascular homeostasis, such as angiogenesis, vascular tone, vascular permeability, platelet aggregation, and monocyte adhesion. The molecular mechanisms responsible for SOCE activation in vascular endothelial cells have engendered a long-lasting controversy.

Proteomic characterization of atopic dermatitis blood from infancy to adulthood.

Background: Patients with atopic dermatitis (AD) have systemic biomarker dysregulation that differs by age group; however, the proteomic characteristics of these age-based changes are unknown.

Objective: To profile blood proteins of patients with AD across different age groups versus age-appropriate controls.

Methods: Using the Olink high-throughput proteomic platform, we profiled 375 serum proteins of 20 infants (age, 0-5 years), 39 children (age, 6-11 years), 21 adolescents (age, 12-17 years), and 20 adults (age, ≥18 years) with moderate-to-severe AD and 83 age-appropriate controls.

Outcomes of Conventional 8.0-mm Versus Large 9.0-mm Diameter Deep Anterior Lamellar Keratoplasty for Keratoconus.

Purpose: The purpose of the study was to compare the clinical outcomes of large 9.0-mm diameter and conventional 8.0-mm big-bubble deep anterior lamellar keratoplasty (DALK).

Insulin Resistance and Acne: The Role of Metformin as Alternative Therapy in Men.

The association between acne and insulin resistance has not been investigated as thoroughly in males as it has been in women, despite the fact that in adult men, acne prevalence has grown. On the face, sebaceous glands produce and secrete sebum, which lubricates the skin and protects it from friction. Metformin, an insulin-sensitizing medication, may modify the association between acne vulgaris and insulin resistance (IR).

Recent Pharmacological Options in Type 2 Diabetes and Synergic Mechanism in Cardiovascular Disease.

Diabetes Mellitus is a multifactorial disease with a critical impact worldwide. During prediabetes, the presence of various inflammatory cytokines and oxidative stress will lead to the pathogenesis of type 2 diabetes. Furthermore, insulin resistance and chronic hyperglycemia will lead to micro- and macrovascular complications (cardiovascular disease, heart failure, hypertension, chronic kidney disease, and atherosclerosis).

Liver Damage and microRNAs: An Update.

One of the major organs in the body with multiple functions is the liver. It plays a central role in the transformation of macronutrients and clearance of chemicals and drugs. The serum biomarkers often used to indicate liver damage are not specifically for drug-induced liver injury (DILI) or liver injury caused by other xenobiotics, nor for viral infection.

Surgical goniolens for tag identification and removal in DMEK surgery.

Introduction: We describe a novel technique for identifying endothelial Descemet membrane (DM) tags remaining after descemetorhexis in patients undergoing Descemet membrane endothelial keratoplasty (DMEK) surgery.

Methods: A surgical goniolens is applied to the corneal surface after descemetorhexis in order to visualize the peripheral inner corneal layer at 360° and identify endothelial-DM tags.

Results: A detailed visualization of the peripheral inner corneal layer is possible using goniolens, without using any staining in the anterior chamber.

Blue light-emitting diodes for the treatment of localized vitiligo: A retrospective study.

Background: Vitiligo is an autoimmune dermatological disease characterized by hypopigmented macules. Treatments include topical agents, phototherapy, and laser therapies. Different lasers should be individually chosen regarding location, extent, activity of the disease.

Correlative Raman-Electron-Light (CREL) Microscopy Analysis of Lipid Droplets in Melanoma Cancer Stem Cells.

Among all neoplasms, melanoma is characterized by a very high percentage of cancer stem cells (CSCs). Several markers have been proposed for their identification, and lipid droplets (LDs) are among them. Different techniques are used for their characterization such as mass spectrometry, imaging techniques, and vibrational spectroscopies.

The third age: physical activity and culture over 65.

The present research focuses on the delicate and complex process of senilization of the population, being one of the most important anthropological and social problems of our time. These considerations lead us to examine not so much the aging process itself, but the relationship between the third age and society, focusing on the factors that promote or inhibit well-being and the relative perceptions that emerged in the sample. In this sense, an online questionnaire was administered, by email and by telephone message, over a period of approximately 10 months starting from March 2021 until December 2021.

International Physical Activity Questionnaire for ITalian Elderly (IPAQ-EIT): reliability in an Italian sample.

Background: The aim of the paper was to perform an Italian version of the International Questionnaire of Physical Activity in the Elderly: IPAQ-EIT.

Methods: Adults with age over 64 years with normal neurological status and without difficulty in ambulation were enrolled in opportunistic way and on voluntary basis in different Italian regions. Two independent researchers have translated the English version independently.

Spontaneous intraocular lens extrusion through Gundersen conjunctival graft after multiple failed keratoplasties: A report of two cases.

Purpose: To report the occurrence and the outcomes of 2 cases of spontaneous extrusion of 3-piece intraocular lens (IOL) through a Gundersen conjunctival flap performed for tectonic purposes after multiple failed penetrating keratoplasties (PKs).

Methods: A 70-year-old woman (Patient #1) with severe dry eye disease who had undergone cataract surgery with posterior chamber 3-piece IOL implantation, multiple PKs and Gundersen conjunctival flap in her left eye presented with partial extrusion of the optic and the inferior haptic of the IOL through the conjunctival flap. Inferior symblepharon and keratinization of the entire ocular surface were also present.

Scalp biomarkers during dupilumab treatment support Th2 pathway pathogenicity in alopecia areata.

Background: The mechanisms driving alopecia areata (AA) are still unclear, hindering development of targeted therapeutics. Specific Th2 targeting with dupilumab in AA provides a unique opportunity to dissect its pathogenesis and explore the role of Th2 pathway.

Methods: We evaluated changes in scalp biomarkers in AA patients (with and without concomitant atopy) randomized to weekly dupilumab or placebo for 24 weeks, followed by open-label dupilumab for 24 weeks.

Platelet-Derived Extracellular Vesicles Stimulate Migration through Partial Remodelling of the Ca Handling Machinery in MDA-MB-231 Breast Cancer Cells.

Background: Platelets can support cancer progression via the release of microparticles and microvesicles that enhance the migratory behaviour of recipient cancer cells. We recently showed that platelet-derived extracellular vesicles (PEVs) stimulate migration and invasiveness in highly metastatic MDA-MB-231 cells by stimulating the phosphorylation of p38 MAPK and the myosin light chain 2 (MLC2). Herein, we assessed whether the pro-migratory effect of PEVs involves the remodelling of the Ca handling machinery, which drives MDA-MB-231 cell motility.

Delayed type hypersensitivity reactions to various allergens may differently model inflammatory skin diseases.

Background: Treatment of inflammatory skin diseases, including atopic dermatitis (AD) and psoriasis, is undergoing transformative changes, highlighting the need to develop experimental models of skin inflammation in humans to predict treatment responses.

Methods: We topically or intradermally administered four common sensitizers (dust mite (DM), diphencyprone (DPCP), nickel (Ni), and purified protein derivative (PPD)) to the backs of 40 healthy patients and the skin hypersensitivity response was biopsied and evaluated using immunohistochemistry, RNA-seq, and RT-PCR.

Results: All agents induced strong increases in cellular infiltrates (T-cells and dendritic cells) as compared to untreated skin (p < .

Evaluation of nutritional status through bioimpedance analysis in a group of Cystic Fibrosis patients.

Cystic fibrosis (CF) is the most common genetic disease in Caucasian people. Nutritional status represents an important key in the progression of the pulmonary disease in CF. People with better nutritional status, generally, maintain good levels of physical activity.

Management of Enamel Defects with Resin Infiltration Techniques: Two Years Follow Up Retrospective Study.

Background: Developmental Defects of Enamel (DDE) represent an aesthetic, functional, and often psychological problem, especially in young patients. Infiltrative treatment with resin (Icon-DMG, Hamburg, Germany) is a minimally invasive technique based on the infiltration of high viscosity resin inside the hypomineralized enamel, modifying its optical properties. The aim of this paper is to evaluate the clinical efficacy of superficial infiltration in the treatment of white enamel defects of the anterior sector with pre-eruptive etiology and its stability over time.

Effects of sacubitril/valsartan on both metabolic parameters and insulin resistance in prediabetic non-obese patients with heart failure and reduced ejection fraction.

Background: The effects of sacubitril/valsartan (sac/val) on metabolic parameters and insulin resistance (IR) in non-obese/prediabetic patients have not been previously described.

Aim: To evaluate the effects of sac/val on glycemic and metabolic parameters, Homeostatic Model Assessment of IR (HOMA-IR), and echocardiographic parameters in prediabetic patients with heart failure with reduced ejection fraction (HFrEF).

Methods: Fifty-nine patients with HFrEF (EF < 35%) but without obesity and/or type 2 diabetes mellitus have been enrolled.

Human lung-cancer-cell radioresistance investigated through 2D network topology.

Radiation therapy (RT) is now considered to be a main component of cancer therapy, alongside surgery, chemotherapy and monoclonal antibody-based immunotherapy. In RT, cancer tissues are exposed to ionizing radiation causing the death of malignant cells and favoring cancer regression. However, the efficiency of RT may be hampered by cell-radioresistance (RR)-that is a feature of tumor cells of withstanding RT.