A deep-learning-based histopathology classifier for focal cortical dysplasia (FCD) unravels a complex scenario of comorbid FCD subtypes.

Objective: Recently, we developed a first artificial intelligence (AI)-based digital pathology classifier for focal cortical dysplasia (FCD) as defined by the ILAE classification. Herein, we tested the usefulness of the classifier in a retrospective histopathology workup scenario.

Methods: Eighty-six new cases with histopathologically confirmed FCD ILAE type Ia (FCDIa), FCDIIa, FCDIIb, mild malformation of cortical development with oligodendroglial hyperplasia in epilepsy (MOGHE), or mild malformations of cortical development were selected, 20 of which had confirmed gene mosaicism.

In Vivo Assessment of Deep Vascular Patterns in Murine Colitis Using Optoacoustic Mesoscopic Imaging.

The analysis of vascular morphology and functionality enables the assessment of disease activity and therapeutic effects in various pathologies. Raster-scanning optoacoustic mesoscopy (RSOM) is an imaging modality that enables the visualization of superficial vascular networks in vivo. In murine models of colitis, deep vascular networks in the colon wall can be visualized by transrectal absorber guide raster-scanning optoacoustic mesoscopy (TAG-RSOM).

Baricitinib as monotherapy for treatment of rheumatoid arthritis: analysis of real-world data.

Objective: Baricitinib is an oral, reversible and selective inhibitor of Janus kinase (JAK)1 and JAK2 that is approved as monotherapy or in combination with methotrexate for the treatment of adults with moderate-to-severe active rheumatoid arthritis (RA) who have responded inadequately to disease-modifying antirheumatic drugs. Evidence supporting the approved monotherapy indication is growing in real-world settings that reflect routine clinical practice.

Methods: Results of separate analyses of real-world data from the observational prospective RA-BE-REAL, Erlangen Baricitinib cohort, the BSRBR-RA, and Swiss Clinical Quality Management in Rheumatic Diseases (SCQM) registries, and the retrospective ORBIT-RA and SUSTAIN long-term chart reviews were reported, documenting baseline data and outcomes for a total of 932 patients with active RA receiving baricitinib as monotherapy.

Epigenomic and phenotypic characterization of DEGCAGS syndrome.

Developmental Delay with Gastrointestinal, Cardiovascular, Genitourinary, and Skeletal Abnormalities syndrome (DEGCAGS, MIM #619488) is caused by biallelic, loss-of-function (LoF) ZNF699 variants, and is characterized by variable neurodevelopmental disability, discordant organ anomalies among full siblings and infant mortality. ZNF699 encodes a KRAB zinc finger protein of unknown function. We aimed to investigate the genotype-phenotype spectrum of DEGCAGS and the possibility of a diagnostic DNA methylation episignature, to facilitate the diagnosis of a highly variable condition lacking pathognomonic clinical findings.

Understanding the risk of ionizing radiation in breast imaging: Concepts and quantities, clinical importance, and future directions.

Background: Conventional mammography remains the primary imaging modality for state-of-the-art breast imaging practice and its benefit (both on diagnostic and screening) was largely reported. In mammography, the typical Mean Glandular Dose (MGD) from X-ray radiation to the breast spans, on average, from 1 to 10 mGy, depending on breast thicknesses, percentage of fibroglandular tissue, and on the examination purpose.

Methods: The aim of this narrative review is to describe the extent of radiation risk in X-ray breast imaging and discuss the main steps and parameters (e.

Small cell transformation in EGFR-mutated non-small cell lung cancer: DLL3 expression and efficacy of immune checkpoint inhibitors or tyrosine kinase inhibitors combined with chemotherapy.

Introduction: Small cell transformation (SCT) is a typical mechanism of adaptive resistance to third generation epidermal growth factor receptor inhibitors (EGFRi) which have become the standard of care for EGFR-driven non-small cell lung cancer (EGFR+ NSCLC). Little is known about the optimal management of SCT patients. This study aimed to compare outcomes under platinum/etoposide chemotherapy alone (chemo) or in combination with EGFR inhibitors (EGFRi+chemo) or immune checkpoint inhibitors (ICI+chemo).

First postnatal lactate blood levels on day 1 and outcome of preterm infants with gestational age <29 weeks.

Background: Serum lactate levels are used as biomarkers for perinatal asphyxia, while their value for outcome prediction in preterm infants is uncertain. It was the aim of this observational study to determine the association of the first postnatal serum-lactate levels on day 1 of life and short-term outcome in preterm infants less than 29 gestational weeks.

Methods: We analysed data in a population-based cohort of German Neonatal Network (GNN) preterm infants with available first postnatal lactate levels enrolled at 22-28 weeks of gestational age (GA) between 1st of April 2009 and 31st December 2020.

Tinnitus is associated with increased extracellular matrix density in the auditory cortex of Mongolian gerbils.

Most scientists agree that subjective tinnitus is the pathological result of an interaction of damage to the peripheral auditory system and central neuroplastic adaptations. Here we investigate such tinnitus related adaptations in the primary auditory cortex (AC) 7 and 13 days after noise trauma induction of tinnitus by quantifying the density of the extracellular matrix (ECM) in the AC of Mongolian gerbils (Meriones unguiculatus). The ECM density has been shown to be relevant for neuroplastic processes and synaptic stability within the cortex.

Long-term stability of sufentanil quantified by UPLC-MS-MS in human plasma frozen for 11 years at -20°C.

The long-term stability of drug concentrations in human plasma samples when stored under normal laboratory conditions over several years is important for research purposes and clinical re-evaluation, but also for forensic toxicology. Fifty human plasma samples from a former clinical trial were re-analyzed after storage at -20°C for 11 years. Plasma samples were extracted using solid-phase extraction.

Adherence and acceptance of a new oral nutritional supplement in cancer patients - a pilot study in crossover design.

Oral nutritional supplements (ONS) play a key role in the therapy of cancer-cachexia, but adherence to ONS-intake remains challenging. To improve adherence, a wide variety of ONS is crucial. We compared the acceptance and adherence of a commercial liquid ONS (LS) with a newly developed, energy- and protein-rich, semisolid, fruit-gum based product (FG) in oncological patients.

MEG in MRI-Negative Patients with Focal Epilepsy.

Objectives: To review the evidence on the clinical value of magnetic source imaging (MSI) in patients with refractory focal epilepsy without evidence for an epileptogenic lesion on magnetic resonance imaging ("MRI-negative" or "non-lesional MRI").

Methods: We conducted a systematic literature search on PUBMED, which was extended by researchrabbit.ai using predefined criteria to identify studies that applied MSI in MRI-negative patients with epilepsy.

Exploring the association between skin microbiota and inflammatory skin diseases: a two-sample Mendelian randomization analysis.

Dysbiosis in the skin microbiome is closely associated with various inflammatory skin diseases. However, current research on the causal relationship between the skin microbiome and inflammatory skin diseases lacks comprehensive and detailed investigation. We used a two-sample Mendelian randomization (MR) approach to explore associations between the skin microbiome and seven inflammatory skin diseases, including acne, atopic dermatitis, erysipelas, vitiligo, psoriasis, rosacea, and urticaria.