School Engagement in Relation to Body Mass Index and School Achievement in a High-School Age Sample.

Purpose: Research has documented an inverse relationship between body mass index (BMI) and school achievement but has failed to empirically explain it. We tested whether this association among adolescents can be explained in part by student engagement.

Methods: A self-report survey about health and school behaviors was completed by 196 high school students; BMI and achievement data were obtained from school records.

Engineering molecular imaging strategies for regenerative medicine.

The reshaping of the world's aging population has created an urgent need for therapies for chronic diseases. Regenerative medicine offers a ray of hope, and its complex solutions include material, cellular, or tissue systems. We review basics of regenerative medicine/stem cells and describe how the field of molecular imaging, which is based on quantitative, noninvasive, imaging of biological events in living subjects, can be applied to regenerative medicine in order to interrogate tissues in innovative, informative, and personalized ways.

A Tumor Vascular-Targeted Interlocking Trimodal Nanosystem That Induces and Exploits Hypoxia.

Vascular-targeted photodynamic therapy (VTP) is a recently approved strategy for treating solid tumors. However, the exacerbated hypoxic stress makes tumor eradication challenging with such a single modality approach. Here, a new graphene oxide (GO)-based nanosystem for rationally designed, interlocking trimodal cancer therapy that enables VTP using photosensitizer verteporfin (VP) (1) with codelivery of banoxantrone dihydrochloride (AQ4N) (2), a hypoxia-activated prodrug (HAP), and HIF-1α siRNA (siHIF-1α) (3) is reported.

Examining the Interrelations Among Objective and Subjective Health Literacy and Numeracy and Their Associations with Health Knowledge.

Background: Health literacy and numeracy influence many health-related behaviors and outcomes. Health literacy and numeracy have been assessed objectively and subjectively, but interrelationships among the measures and the consistency of their association with health knowledge have not been examined.

Objective: To increase understanding of the structure and interrelations among objective and subjective health literacy and numeracy and how these constructs relate to knowledge of risk factors of two major diseases.

Getting hypervirulent Klebsiella pneumoniae on the radar screen.

Purpose Of Review: Two pathotypes of Klebsiella pneumoniae cause human infections, classical (cKp) and hypervirulent (hvKp) K. pneumoniae. The present understanding of genetic elements, the need for an accurate test to identify hvKp, the clinical implications of infection, the knowledge gap on how and why hvKp colonization transitions to infection, and potential infection prevention and control issues for hvKp are discussed.

Rates and correlates of disordered eating among women veterans in primary care.

Rates of disordered eating may be higher among women veterans than civilians, and are associated with co-occurring mental health (MH) conditions, such as depression, post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD), and alcohol misuse. Although evidence suggests that these conditions are common in primary care settings, limited research has examined symptoms of disordered eating among women veterans in primary care. This study used a cross-sectional design to examine rates and MH correlates of disordered eating among women veterans treated in a primary care setting.

Psychological interventions for anxiety in adult primary care patients: A review and recommendations for future research.

Anxiety symptoms are prevalent in primary care, yet treatment rates are low. The integration of behavioral health providers into primary care via the Primary Care Behavioral Health (PCBH) model offers a promising way to improve treatment options by adding a team member with the necessary skillset to deliver evidence-based psychological interventions for anxiety. We conducted a narrative review of psychological interventions for anxiety applied within adult primary care settings (k = 44) to update the literature and evaluate the fit of existing interventions with the PCBH model.

36-Item Short Form Survey (SF-36) Versus Gait Speed As Predictor of Preclinical Mobility Disability in Older Women: The Women's Health Initiative.

Objectives: To compare the value of clinically measured gait speed with that of the self-reported Medical Outcomes Study 36-item Short-Form Survey Physical Function Index (SF-36 PF) in predicting future preclinical mobility disability (PCMD) in older women.

Design: Prospective cohort study.

Setting: Forty clinical centers in the United States.

Clinical experience with urgent tube shunt implantation through the ciliary sulcus in phakic eyes.

Purpose: To review the clinical course and outcomes of 3 phakic, ischemic, and inflamed eyes in which we performed urgent tube shunt implantation through the ciliary sulcus without lensectomy.

Methods: This is a retrospective interventional case series. Three eyes of 3 diabetic patients with uncontrolled severe neovascular glaucoma, shallow anterior chambers with closed angles and poor view to the posterior segment, where concomitant lensectomy was not recommended due to uncontrolled uveitis and ischemia, underwent tube shunt implantation through the ciliary sulcus.

Bioengineering considerations in liver regenerative medicine.

Background: Liver disease contributes significantly to global disease burden and is associated with rising incidence and escalating costs. It is likely that innovative approaches, arising from the emerging field of liver regenerative medicine, will counter these trends.

Main Body: Liver regenerative medicine is a rapidly expanding field based on a rich history of basic investigations into the nature of liver structure, physiology, development, regeneration, and function.

Pharmacokinetics/pharmacodynamics of systemically administered polymyxin B against Klebsiella pneumoniae in mouse thigh and lung infection models.

Background: The pharmacokinetic/pharmacodynamic (PK/PD) relationship for polymyxin B against Klebsiella pneumoniae infections is not known.

Methods: Dose-fractionation studies with subcutaneous polymyxin B were conducted in neutropenic mice in which infection with three strains of K. pneumoniae had been produced in thighs or lungs.

The Vogt family: Creators of diverse paths for women in biological research.

The life and careers of Cecile, Marthe and Marguerite Vogt are chronicled in this article during an era where women were not readily accepted in the upper echelons of academia. By exploring important questions, these women made major contributions to the broad base of scientific knowledge which impacted the fields of neurobiology in both the central and peripheral nervous systems, infectious disease, and oncogenesis. As a result, each was considered the elite of her respective field and achieved an enduring legacy.

Safe Opioid Prescription: A SMART on FHIR Approach to Clinical Decision Support.

Background Prescription opioid pain medication overuse, misuse and abuse have been a significant contributing factor in the opioid epidemic. The rising death rates from opioid overdose have caused healthcare practitioners and researchers to work on optimizing pain therapy and limiting the prescriptions for pain medications. The state of New York has implemented a prescription drug monitoring program(PDMP), amended public health law to limit the prescription of opioids for acute pain and utilized the resources of the state and county health departments to help in curbing this epidemic.

The Influence of Body Composition on Pulmonary Rehabilitation Outcomes in Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease Patients.

Introduction: Alterations in body composition are commonly present in chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD). The hypothesis of this study is that COPD patients would achieve clinical benefits after pulmonary rehabilitation (PR) independent of muscle mass depletion or body weight.

Methods: We conducted a retrospective cohort study using single-frequency bioelectrical impedance analysis (BIA) for assessment of fat-free mass (FFM) depletion (muscle depletion).

Monoclonal Antibody Protects Against Acinetobacter baumannii Infection by Enhancing Bacterial Clearance and Evading Sepsis.

Background: Extremely drug-resistant (XDR) Acinetobacter baumannii is one of the most commonly encountered, highly resistant pathogens requiring novel therapeutic interventions.

Methods: We developed C8, a monoclonal antibody (mAb), by immunizing mice with sublethal inocula of a hypervirulent XDR clinical isolate.

Results: C8 targets capsular carbohydrate on the bacterial surface, enhancing opsonophagocytosis.

An informatics guided classification of miscible and immiscible binary alloy systems.

The classification of miscible and immiscible systems of binary alloys plays a critical role in the design of multicomponent alloys. By mining data from hundreds of experimental phase diagrams, and thousands of thermodynamic data sets from experiments and high-throughput first-principles (HTFP) calculations, we have obtained a comprehensive classification of alloying behavior for 813 binary alloy systems consisting of transition and lanthanide metals. Among several physics-based descriptors, the slightly modified Pettifor chemical scale provides a unique two-dimensional map that divides the miscible and immiscible systems into distinctly clustered regions.

End-of-Life in Disney and Pixar Films: An opportunity for Engaging in Difficult Conversation.

This study expanded upon previous scholarship by examining end-of-life (EOL) depictions and messages of death within Disney and Pixar animated films. We argue Disney and Pixar depictions of EOL and death can provide critical opportunities for discussing death and dying processes with children and adults alike. A content analysis of 57 movies resulted in a total of 71 character deaths.

Myosin isoform expressed in metastatic prostate cancer stimulates cell invasion.

During metastasis, tumor cells migrate out of their original tissue to invade other organs. Secretion of exosomes and metalloproteases is essential for extracellular matrix remodeling, enabling migration through tissue barriers. Metastatic prostate cancer is differentiated by expression of the rare isoform A of the molecular motor myosin IC, however the function of this isoform remained unknown.

Metabolite Transporter PEG344 Is Required for Full Virulence of Hypervirulent Klebsiella pneumoniae Strain hvKP1 after Pulmonary but Not Subcutaneous Challenge.

Hypervirulent (hvKP) is an emerging pathotype that is capable of causing tissue-invasive and organ- and life-threatening infections in healthy individuals from the community. Knowledge on the virulence factors specific to hvKP is limited. In this report, we describe a new factor (PEG344) that increases the virulence of hvKP strain hvKP1.

Electronic π-to-π* Excitations of Rhodamine Dyes Exhibit a Time-Dependent Kohn-Sham Theory "Cyanine Problem".

The longest-wavelength π-to-π* electronic excitations of rhodamine-like dyes (RDs) with different group 16 heteroatoms (O, S, Se, Te) have been investigated. Time-dependent Kohn-Sham theory (TDKST) calculations were compared with coupled-cluster (CC) and equations-of-motion (EOM) CC results for π-to-π* singlet and triplet excitations. The RDs exhibit characteristics in the TDKST calculations that are very similar to previously investigated cyanine dyes, in the sense that the singlet energies obtained with nonhybrid functionals are too high compared with the CC results at the SD(T) level.

Identification and Management of Eating Disorders in Integrated Primary Care: Recommendations for Psychologists in Integrated Care Settings.

Eating disorders are associated with deleterious health consequences, increased risk of mortality, and psychosocial impairment. Although individuals with eating disorders are likely to seek treatment in general medical settings such as primary care (PC), these conditions are often under-detected by PC providers. However, psychologists in integrated PC settings are likely to see patients with eating disorders because of the mental health comorbidities associated with these conditions.

Streamlined duplex live-dead microplate assay for cultured cells.

A duplex fluorescence assay to assess the viability of cells cultured in multi-well plates is described, which can be carried out in the original culture plate using a plate reader, without exchanges of culture or assay medium, or transfer of cells or cell supernatant. The method uses freshly prepared reagents and does not rely on a proprietary, commercially supplied kit. Following experimental treatment, calcein acetoxymethyl ester (CaAM) is added to each well of cultured cells; after 30 min, the fluorescence intensity (emission λ ∼ 530 nm) is measured.