Enhanced life distress inventory: Development and validation in two African countries.

Objective: Poverty is linked to poor mental health, and stress is a key pathway. Most existing stress scales were developed in high-income settings. We use primary data collected from three large population-based studies in Ghana and Tanzania to examine the performance and psychometric properties of a new measure of self-perceived stress, the Enhanced Life Distress Inventory (ELDI).

Disclosure, reporting and help seeking among child survivors of violence: a cross-country analysis.

Background: Violence against children is a pervasive public health issue, with limited data available across multiple contexts. This study explores the rarely studied prevalence and dynamics around disclosure, reporting and help-seeking behaviours of children who ever experienced physical and/or sexual violence.

Methods: Using nationally-representative Violence Against Children Surveys in six countries: Cambodia, Haiti, Kenya, Malawi, Nigeria and Tanzania, we present descriptive statistics for prevalence of four outcomes among children aged 13-17 years: informal disclosure, knowledge of where to seek formal help, formal disclosure/help seeking and receipt of formal help.

Intraocular Pressure After Cataract Surgery Combined With Ab Interno Trabeculectomy Versus Trabecular Micro-bypass Stent: An Intrasubject Same-surgeon Comparison.

Precis: Combining Trabectome or iStent with phacoemulsification equally reduces intraocular pressure (IOP) and IOP-lowering medication burden during a 24-month follow-up, with a possible advantage to the Trabectome in the early postoperative period.

Purpose: Intrasubject same-surgeon comparison between phacoemulsification combined with Trabectome (Phaco/Trabectome) versus one first-generation iStent (Phaco/iStent).

Settings: Private glaucoma and cataract practice.

Correlation of Quantitative Myasthenia Gravis and Myasthenia Gravis Activities of Daily Living scales in the MGTX study.

Introduction: Quantitative Myasthenia Gravis (QMG) and Myasthenia Gravis Activities of Daily Living (MG-ADL) scales were compared using the data from the Thymectomy Trial in Non-Thymomatous Myasthenia Gravis Patients Receiving Prednisone Therapy (MGTX) study.

Methods: Correlation between QMG and MG-ADL raw and change-from-baseline scores was calculated every 3 months for 60 months based on treatment groups and minimal manifestation status (MMS).

Results: QMG and MG-ADL change-from-baseline scores correlated significantly, with increasing strength of correlation over time, in both treatment groups.

Effects of COVID-19 Lockdown on Lifestyle Behaviors in Children with Obesity Living in Verona, Italy: A Longitudinal Study.

Objective: The aim of this study was to test the hypothesis that youths with obesity, when removed from structured school activities and confined to their homes during the coronavirus disease 2019 pandemic, will display unfavorable trends in lifestyle behaviors.

Methods: The sample included 41 children and adolescents with obesity participating in a longitudinal observational study located in Verona, Italy. Lifestyle information including diet, activity, and sleep behaviors was collected at baseline and 3 weeks into the national lockdown during which home confinement was mandatory.

Efficacy of lisdexamfetamine dimesylate for promoting occupational success in adolescents and young adults with attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder.

There has been a lack of research on the third area of impairment noted in the -"occupational functioning." It is important to understand the impact of common treatments for attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) in occupational settings. Twenty individuals with ADHD between ages 16 and 25 participated in a double-blind, placebo controlled evaluation of 40 mg lisdexamfetamine dimesylate in a setting designed to approximate a restaurant workplace with associated, simulated food delivery.

Real-time Burn Classification using Ultrasound Imaging.

This article presents a real-time approach for classification of burn depth based on B-mode ultrasound imaging. A grey-level co-occurrence matrix (GLCM) computed from the ultrasound images of the tissue is employed to construct the textural feature set and the classification is performed using nonlinear support vector machine and kernel Fisher discriminant analysis. A leave-one-out cross-validation is used for the independent assessment of the classifiers.

How to study enhancers in non-traditional insect models.

Transcriptional enhancers are central to the function and evolution of genes and gene regulation. At the organismal level, enhancers play a crucial role in coordinating tissue- and context-dependent gene expression. At the population level, changes in enhancers are thought to be a major driving force that facilitates evolution of diverse traits.

Ab Initio Analysis of Metal-Ligand Bonding in An(COT) with An=Th, U in Their Ground- and Core-Excited States.

Relativistic multireference ab initio wave function calculations with the restricted active space second-order perturbation theory (RASPT2) were performed on thorocene and uranocene to determine the actinide N -edge and carbon K-edge X-ray absorption near-edge structure (XANES) intensities and the metal-ligand orbital mixing in the ground state and core-excited states. Calculated spectral intensities show very good agreement with the experiments and therefore allow detailed and unambiguous assignment of the observed spectral features. φ-type covalent bonding or antibonding interactions are observed for thorocene in the core-excited states, though not in the ground state.

Silencers, Enhancers, and the Multifunctional Regulatory Genome.

Negative regulation of gene expression by transcriptional silencers has been difficult to study due to limited defined examples. A new study by Gisselbrecht et al. has dramatically increased the number of identified silencers and reveals that they are bifunctional regulatory sequences that also act as gene expression-promoting enhancers.

ToF-SIMS and TIRF microscopy investigation on the effects of HEMA copolymer surface chemistry on spatial localization, surface intensity, and release of fluorescently labeled keratinocyte growth factor.

The need for direct biomaterial-based delivery of growth factors to wound surfaces to aid in wound healing emphasizes the importance of interfacial interactions between the biomaterial and the wound surface. These interactions include the spatial localization of growth factor, the surface intensity of growth factor in contact with the wound, and the release profile of growth factor to the wound surface. The authors report the use of time-of-flight secondary ion mass spectrometry to determine the relationship between biomaterial surface chemistry and the spatial localization of growth factor.

Qualitative findings from a pilot stage implementation of a novel organizational learning tool toward operationalizing the Safety-II paradigm in health care.

'Safety-II' is a new approach to safety, which emphasizes learning proactively about how safety and efficacy are achieved in everyday frontline work. Previous research developed a new lesson-sharing tool designed based on the Safety-II approach: Resilience Engineering Tool to Improve Patient Safety (RETIPS). The tool comprises questions designed to elicit narratives of adaptations that have contributed to effectiveness in care delivery.

Association of Timing of Adjuvant Therapy With Survival in Patients With Resected Stage I to II Pancreatic Cancer.

Importance: Surgery followed by adjuvant chemotherapy or chemoradiation is widely used to treat resectable pancreatic cancer. Although studies suggest initiation of adjuvant therapy within 12 weeks of surgery, there is no clear time interval associated with better survival.

Objective: To evaluate the ideal timing of adjuvant therapy for patients with stage I to II resected pancreatic cancer.

HPNA 2019-2022 Research Agenda: Development and Rationale.

Building on the strong work of previous research agendas (2009-2012, 2012-2015, 2015-2018), the Hospice and Palliative Nurses Association Research Advisory Council developed the 2019-2022 Research Agenda in consultation with Hospice and Palliative Nurses Association (HPNA) membership and assessment of major trends in palliative nursing. The HPNA Research Advisory Council identified 5 priority areas and asked subject experts in each area to summarize the state of the science, identify critical gaps, and provide recommendations for future research. This document expands the executive summary published on the HPNA website (www.

Hypervirulent Klebsiella pneumoniae.

Hypervirulent (hvKp) is an evolving pathotype that is more virulent than classical (cKp). hvKp usually infects individuals from the community, who are often healthy. Infections are more common in the Asian Pacific Rim but are occurring globally.

Two-year data comparison of ab interno trabeculectomy and trabecular bypass stenting using exact matching.

Purpose: To create a balanced comparison of ab interno trabeculectomy (AIT) (Trabectome) and trabecular bypass stenting (TBS) (iStent).

Setting: Eye and Ear Institute, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, Ross Eye Institute, Buffalo, New York, and Glaucoma Associates of Texas, Dallas, USA.

Design: Retrospective case series.

Computational enhancer prediction: evaluation and improvements.

Background: Identifying transcriptional enhancers and other cis-regulatory modules (CRMs) is an important goal of post-sequencing genome annotation. Computational approaches provide a useful complement to empirical methods for CRM discovery, but it is critical that we develop effective means to evaluate their performance in terms of estimating their sensitivity and specificity.

Results: We introduce here pCRMeval, a pipeline for in silico evaluation of any enhancer prediction tools that are flexible enough to be applied to the Drosophila melanogaster genome.

Association of Infant Temperament With Subsequent Obesity in Young Children of Mothers With Gestational Diabetes Mellitus.

Importance: Infant temperament is associated with excess weight gain or childhood obesity risk in samples of healthy individuals, although the evidence has been inconsistent. To our knowledge, no prior research has examined this topic among children exposed to gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM) in utero.

Objective: To prospectively evaluate infant temperament in association with overweight and obesity status at ages 2 to 5 years among children born to mothers who experienced GDM.

A positive deviance approach to improve familial authorization for organ donation.

The current study evaluates the Positive Deviance Donation Collaborative, a communication training program designed to identify and disseminate behaviors of requesters with above-average rates of familial authorization to organ donation. The program initiated with a cohort of 99 requesters from 11 OPOs. Requesters' quarterly authorization rates were monitored for 33 months, and their pre-/post-intervention skills in active-empathic listening and self-efficacy to request donation were assessed.

Distinct roles and requirements for Ras pathway signaling in visceral versus somatic muscle founder specification.

Pleiotropic signaling pathways must somehow engender specific cellular responses. In the mesoderm, Ras pathway signaling specifies muscle founder cells from among the broader population of myoblasts. For somatic muscles, this is an inductive process mediated by the ETS-domain downstream Ras effectors Pointed and Aop (Yan).

Studying Transcriptional Enhancers: The Founder Fallacy, Validation Creep, and Other Biases.

Transcriptional enhancers play a major role in regulating metazoan gene expression. Recent developments in genomics and next-generation sequencing have accelerated and revitalized the study of this important class of sequence elements. Increased interest and attention, however, has also led to troubling trends in the enhancer literature.

Suprasellar Epidermoid Cyst Originating from the Infundibulum: Case Report and Literature Review.

Epidermoid cysts account for a small fraction of intracranial brain tumors, most commonly found in the cerebellopontine angle and parasellar cisterns. Here we present a rare case of an epidermoid cyst located in the suprasellar region, specifically originating from the infundibulum. Only one additional case with an epidermoid cyst originating within the pituitary stalk has been previously reported in the literature.

CRM Discovery Beyond Model Insects.

Although the number of sequenced insect genomes numbers in the hundreds, little is known about gene regulatory sequences in any species other than the well-studied Drosophila melanogaster. We provide here a detailed protocol for using SCRMshaw, a computational method for predicting cis-regulatory modules (CRMs, also "enhancers") in sequenced insect genomes. SCRMshaw is effective for CRM discovery throughout the range of holometabolous insects and potentially in even more diverged species, with true-positive prediction rates of 75% or better.