Rupture of a previously thrombosed hepatic artery aneurysm.

Hepatic artery aneurysm (HAA) is a rare form of visceral artery aneurysm. Historically, most HAAs were ruptured at presentation, but advances in imaging have led to an increase in the diagnosis of asymptomatic HAAs. Description of the natural history of patent HAAs has been difficult because of their rarity, even more so for less common thrombosed HAAs.

Phase separation of ligand-activated enhancers licenses cooperative chromosomal enhancer assembly.

A crucial feature of differentiated cells is the rapid activation of enhancer-driven transcriptional programs in response to signals. The potential contributions of physicochemical properties of enhancer assembly in signaling events remain poorly understood. Here we report that in human breast cancer cells, the acute 17β-estradiol-dependent activation of functional enhancers requires assembly of an enhancer RNA-dependent ribonucleoprotein (eRNP) complex exhibiting properties of phase-separated condensates.

iAmHealthy: Rationale, design and application of a family-based mHealth pediatric obesity intervention for rural children.

Children in rural areas are disproportionately affected by pediatric obesity. Poor access to healthcare providers, lack of nutrition education, lower socioeconomic status, and fewer opportunities to be physically active are all unique barriers that contribute to this growing health concern. There are very few pediatric obesity interventions that have been developed that target this unique population.

Born Without a Silver Spoon: Race, Wealth, and Unintended Childbearing.

The United States has a surprisingly high rate of unintended fertility, particularly among women of color. Although studies have examined socioeconomic correlates of unintended fertility, the role of economic resources remains unclear. Wealth may provide an important context for whether a birth was intended or unintended.

Laser Shock Tuning Dynamic Interlayer Coupling in Graphene-Boron Nitride Moiré Superlattices.

In the emergence of graphene and many two-dimensional (2D) materials, the most exciting applications come from stacking them into 3D devices, promising many excellent possibilities for neoteric electronics and optoelectronics. Layers of semiconductors, insulators, and conductors can be stacked to form van der Waals heterostructures, after the weak bonds formed between the layers. However, the interlayer coupling in these heterostructures is usually hard to modulate, resulting in difficulty to realize their emerging optical or electronic properties.

Ultrahigh Resolution Mouse Optical Coherence Tomography to Aid Intraocular Injection in Retinal Gene Therapy Research.

HR-SD-OCT is utilized to monitor the progression of photoreceptor degeneration in live mouse models, assess the delivery of therapeutic agents into the subretinal space, and to evaluate toxicity and efficacy in vivo. HR-SD-OCT uses near infrared light (800-880 nm) and has optics specifically designed for the unique optics of the mouse eye with sub-2-micron axial resolution. Transgenic mouse models of outer retinal (photoreceptor) degeneration and controls were imaged to assess the disease progression.

Durability and Decay of Treatment Benefit of Cognitive Behavioral Therapy for Irritable Bowel Syndrome: 12-Month Follow-Up.

Background: There is a need for safe and effective IBS treatments that provide immediate and sustained improvement of IBS symptoms, particularly among more severe patients. The aim was to assess long-term clinical response of cognitive behavioral therapy (CBT) with reference to IBS education.

Methods: A total of 436 Rome III-diagnosed IBS patients (80% F, M age = 41 years) were randomized to: 4 session home-based CBT (minimal contact (MC-CBT)), 10 session clinic-based CBT (standard (S-CBT)), or 4 session IBS education (EDU).

Processing and targeting of cathepsin L (TbCatL) to the lysosome in Trypanosoma brucei.

Cathepsin L (TbCatL) is an essential lysosomal thiol protease in African trypanosomes. TbCatL is synthesized as two precursor forms (P/X) that are activated to mature form (M) with the removal of the prodomain upon arrival in the lysosome. We examine TbCatL trafficking in a novel system: truncated TbCatL reporter without the C-terminal domain (CTD; TbCatL∆) ectopically expressed in an RNA interference (RNAi) cell line targeting the CTD/3' untranslated region (UTR) of endogenous mRNA.

Data-driven brain network models differentiate variability across language tasks.

The relationship between brain structure and function has been probed using a variety of approaches, but how the underlying structural connectivity of the human brain drives behavior is far from understood. To investigate the effect of anatomical brain organization on human task performance, we use a data-driven computational modeling approach and explore the functional effects of naturally occurring structural differences in brain networks. We construct personalized brain network models by combining anatomical connectivity estimated from diffusion spectrum imaging of individual subjects with a nonlinear model of brain dynamics.

Whole-genome analysis of finds that pulsed hybridization impacts evolution at high latitudes.

At high latitudes, climatic shifts hypothetically initiate recurrent episodes of divergence by isolating populations in glacial refugia-ice-free regions that enable terrestrial species persistence. Upon glacial recession, populations subsequently expand and often come into contact with other independently diverging populations, resulting in gene flow. To understand how recurrent periods of isolation and contact may have impacted evolution at high latitudes, we investigated introgression dynamics in the stoat (), a Holarctic mammalian carnivore, using whole-genome sequences.

The Human Cytomegalovirus US27 Gene Product Constitutively Activates Antioxidant Response Element-Mediated Transcription through Gγ, Phosphoinositide 3-Kinase, and Nuclear Respiratory Factor 1.

Human cytomegalovirus (HCMV) is a widespread pathogen that modulates host chemokine signaling during persistent infection in the host. HCMV encodes four proteins with homology to the chemokine receptor family of G protein-coupled receptors (GPCRs): US27, US28, UL33, and UL78. Each of the four receptors modulates host CXCR4 signaling.

The common meanings and shared practices of sedation assessment in the context of managing patients with an opioid: A phenomenological study.

Aims And Objectives: To examine the common meanings of opioid-induced sedation and shared practices in the context of post-operative pain management in expert Post-Anesthesia Care Unit nurses during patient's pain management with opioids.

Background: Within the clinical setting, linear pain and sedation scales are not enough to support clinical judgement with acute pain management. Because sedation measurement rests along a fluctuating continuum, it is possible for a patient to be sedated and then shift to increasing alertness, and then to drift back to a sedated state.

Coherent Raman spectroscopic imaging to characterize microglia activation pathway.

Microglia are immune cells, which densely populate the central nervous system (CNS), and play essential role in suppression of neurodegenerative diseases, clearance of debris after CNS trauma, as well as serve as the last line of immune defense in response to any potential threat by being activated to eliminate diverse pathogens ranging from bacteria to cancer. The activated microglia cells are commonly used as a diagnostic biomarker of diverse brain conditions, however detection and classification of microglia activated phenotypes is a cumbersome and imprecise procedure. Here, we report on development of optical assay for detection and quantitative analysis of activated microglia.

The best of intentions: Prenatal breastfeeding intentions and infant health.

Health organizations recommend that mothers exclusively breastfeed infants for the first six months of life. The current study contributes to a growing body of research that examines whether the purported benefits of breastfeeding are causal. We systematically evaluated the role of an expectant mother's prenatal breastfeeding intentions, which reflect not only demographic characteristics, but also knowledge, attitudes, and social norms about infant feeding, and therefore serve as a proxy for positive maternal selection into breastfeeding.

The Timing of Melatonin Administration Is Crucial for Its Antidepressant-Like Effect in Mice.

Melatonin is synthesized by the pineal gland with a circadian rhythm in synchrony with the environmental light/dark cycle. A gradual increase in circulating levels of melatonin occur after lights off, reaching its maximum around the middle of the dark phase. Agonists of melatonin receptors have proved effectiveness as antidepressants in clinical trials.

Trial Characteristics and Appropriateness of Statistical Methods Applied for Design and Analysis of Randomized School-Based Studies Addressing Weight-Related Issues: A Literature Review.

Objective: To evaluate whether clustering effects, often quantified by the intracluster correlation coefficient (ICC), were appropriately accounted for in design and analysis of school-based trials.

Methods: We searched PubMed and extracted variables concerning study characteristics, power analysis, ICC use for power analysis, applied statistical models, and the report of the ICC estimated from the observed data.

Results: =263 papers were identified, and =121 papers were included for evaluation.

Controllable Colloidal Synthesis of Tin(II) Chalcogenide Nanocrystals and Their Solution-Processed Flexible Thermoelectric Thin Films.

A systematic colloidal synthesis approach to prepare tin(II, IV) chalcogenide nanocrystals with controllable valence and morphology is reported, and the preparation of solution-processed nanostructured thermoelectric thin films from them is then demonstrated. Triangular SnS nanoplates with a recently-reported π-cubic structure, SnSe with various shapes (nanostars and both rectangular and hexagonal nanoplates), SnTe nanorods, and previously reported Sn(IV) chalcogenides, are obtained using different combinations of solvents and ligands with an Sn precursor. These unique nanostructures and the lattice defects associated with their Sn-rich composition allow the production of flexible thin films with competitive thermoelectric performance, exhibiting room temperature Seebeck coefficients of 115, 81, and 153 μV K for SnS, SnSe, and SnTe films, respectively.

Methods to study meiosis in insect spermatocytes.

This chapter covers methods that are useful for the in vitro culture and live-cell study of insect spermatocytes in general and of crane-fly spermatocytes in particular. The merits of crane-fly spermatocytes are detailed in the Introduction section. In the following sections, step-by-step instructions are given for optimizing visualization of meiotic events taking place within living spermatocytes by employing microaspiration to flatten cells and then in subsequent operations to manipulate them via microinjection.

Sedation scales: Do they capture the concept of opioid-induced sedation?

Aim: The purpose of this study was to explore the concept of opioid-induced sedation and how nurses define and measure sedation in the hospital setting.

Background: Opioid medications are the primary treatment for acute pain in the postoperative setting. One of the most serious side effects of opioid therapy is excessive sedation and respiratory depression.

Pd NP-Loaded and Covalently Cross-Linked COF Membrane Microreactor for Aqueous CBs Dechlorination at Room Temperature.

We report an allyl-decorated and hydrazine-connected covalent organic framework (COF-AO, 1), which could support Pd nanoparticles (Pd NPs) to generate Pd@COF-AO, 2. The incorporation of 2 with thiol-functionalized polysiloxane (termed as PSI-SH) via thiol-ene click reaction provided the stand-alone and elastic membrane (3). The obtained COF-involved and Pd NP-loaded covalently linked membrane of 3 is robust, permanently porous, uniform, processable, and water permeable.

Affinity network fusion and semi-supervised learning for cancer patient clustering.

Defining subtypes of complex diseases such as cancer and stratifying patient groups with the same disease but different subtypes for targeted treatments is important for personalized and precision medicine. Approaches that incorporate multi-omic data are more advantageous to those using only one data type for patient clustering and disease subtype discovery. However, it is challenging to integrate multi-omic data as they are heterogeneous and noisy.

Molecular Diagnostics in the Neoplasms of the Pancreas, Liver, Gallbladder, and Extrahepatic Biliary Tract: 2018 Update.

Pancreatic neoplasms, including ductal adenocarcinoma, solid pseudopapillary neoplasm, pancreatic endocrine neoplasms, acinar cell carcinoma, and pancreatoblastoma, are associated with different genetic abnormalities. Hepatic adenomas with beta-catenin exon 3 mutation are associated with a high risk of malignancy. Hepatic adenoma with arginosuccinate synthetase 1 expression or sonic hedgehog mutations are associated with a risk of bleeding.