Picturing the Institution of Social Death: Visual Rhetorics of Postwar Asylum Exposé Photography.

This paper examines how photography shaped the American public's perception of psychiatric hospitals during the immediate post-WWII period. I will analyze photographs that appeared in popular exposé articles of that period and that used photography as a visual aid for disclosing the poor conditions of state hospitals, intending to promote reform efforts focused on turning antiquated asylums into modern hospitals. Existing scholarship has mentioned how these photographs had a significant influence on shaping the public's view of asylum conditions.

Magnetically Controllable Flowerlike, Polyhedral Ag-Cu-CoO for Surface-Enhanced Raman Scattering.

Syntheses of Cu-, Ag-, and Ag-Cu-CoO nanomaterials are of interest for a wide range of applications including electrochemistry, thermal catalysis, energy storage, and electronics. However, CoO-based nanomaterials have not been explored for surface-enhanced Raman scattering (SERS). Here, we present Cu-, Ag-, and Ag-Cu-CoO nanomaterials of a hierarchical flower shape comprising two separate phases: a pure Cu or Ag core and multiple CoO branches, in which the optical properties of the core and the magnetic properties of the branches are integrated.

Longitudinal physical performance and blood pressure changes in older women: Findings form the women's health initiative.

Background: This study evaluated the association between changes in physical performance and blood pressure (BP) (e.g., systolic [SBP], diastolic [DBP], pulse pressure) in older women.

Capacitive interdigitated system of high osteoinductive/conductive performance for personalized acting-sensing implants.

Replacement orthopedic surgeries are among the most common surgeries worldwide, but clinically used passive implants cannot prevent failure rates and inherent revision arthroplasties. Optimized non-instrumented implants, resorting to preclinically tested bioactive coatings, improve initial osseointegration but lack long-term personalized actuation on the bone-implant interface. Novel bioelectronic devices comprising biophysical stimulators and sensing systems are thus emerging, aiming for long-term control of peri-implant bone growth through biointerface monitoring.

ΔFBA-Predicting metabolic flux alterations using genome-scale metabolic models and differential transcriptomic data.

Genome-scale metabolic models (GEMs) provide a powerful framework for simulating the entire set of biochemical reactions in a cell using a constraint-based modeling strategy called flux balance analysis (FBA). FBA relies on an assumed metabolic objective for generating metabolic fluxes using GEMs. But, the most appropriate metabolic objective is not always obvious for a given condition and is likely context-specific, which often complicate the estimation of metabolic flux alterations between conditions.

Tuning Materials-Binding Peptide Sequences toward Gold- and Silver-Binding Selectivity with Bayesian Optimization.

Peptide sequence engineering can potentially deliver materials-selective binding capabilities, which would be highly attractive in numerous biotic and abiotic nanomaterials applications. However, the number of known materials-selective peptide sequences is small, and identification of new sequences is laborious and haphazard. Previous attempts have sought to use machine learning and other informatics approaches that rely on existing data sets to accelerate the discovery of materials-selective peptides, but too few materials-selective sequences are known to enable reliable prediction.

Accelerometer-Measured Daily Steps, Physical Function, and Subsequent Fall Risk in Older Women: The Objective Physical Activity and Cardiovascular Disease in Older Women Study.

Steps per day were measured by accelerometer for 7 days among 5,545 women aged 63-97 years between 2012 and 2014. Incident falls were ascertained from daily fall calendars for 13 months. Median steps per day were 3,216.

Large-aperture experimental characterization of the acoustic field generated by a hovering unmanned aerial vehicle.

Unmanned aerial vehicles, specifically quadrotor drones, are increasingly commonplace in community and workplace settings and are often used for photography, cinematography, and small parcel transport. The presence of these flying robotic systems has a substantial impact on the surrounding environment. To better understand the ergonomic impacts of quadrotor drones, a quantitative description of their acoustic signature is needed.

Dietary Advanced Glycation End-Products and Mortality after Breast Cancer in the Women's Health Initiative.

Background: Advanced glycation end-products (AGE) are formed through nonenzymatic glycation of free amino groups in proteins or lipid. They are associated with inflammation and oxidative stress, and their accumulation in the body is implicated in chronic disease morbidity and mortality. We examined the association between postdiagnosis dietary N-carboxymethyl-lysine (CML)-AGE intake and mortality among women diagnosed with breast cancer.

The Head-Toes-Knees-Shoulders Revised: Links to Academic Outcomes and Measures of EF in Young Children.

The measurement of self-regulation in young children has been a topic of great interest as researchers and practitioners work to help ensure that children have the skills they need to succeed as they start school. The present study examined how a revised version of a commonly used measure of behavioral self-regulation, the Head-Toes-Knees-Shoulders task (HTKS) called the HTKS-R, and measures of executive function (EF) was related to academic outcomes between preschool and kindergarten (ages 4-6years) in a diverse sample of children from families with low income participating in Head Start in the United States. Participants included 318 children (53% female; 76% White; and 20% Latino/Hispanic) from 64 classrooms in 18 Head Start preschools who were followed over four time points between the fall of preschool and the spring of kindergarten.

Low Doses of Ketamine and Melatonin in Combination Produce Additive Antidepressant-like Effects in Mice.

Major depressive disorder is a disabling disease with the number of affected individuals increasing each year. Current antidepressant treatments take between three to six weeks to be effective with forty percent of patients being resistant to treatment, making it necessary to search for new antidepressant treatments. Ketamine, a phencyclidine hydrochloride derivative, given intravenously, induces a rapid antidepressant effect in humans.

The Role of Information Avoidance in Managing Uncertainty from Conflicting Recommendations about Electronic Cigarettes.

Insufficient scientific evidence about electronic cigarettes (e-cigarettes) has led to conflicting recommendations (CRs) by credible scientific organizations, creating a public health debate that could prove especially difficult to reconcile as current and former smokers make decisions about whether to use e-cigarettes. To investigate how CRs about e-cigarettes may affect intentions to engage in healthy behaviors, 717 former and current smokers were randomly exposed to one of five conditions (varying in the level of conflict in recommendations) in this between-subject experiment. Our results indicated a significant interaction between the message level of conflict and individuals' information avoidance, employed to maintain hope and deniability.

Prospective relations between maternal emotional eating, feeding to soothe, and infant appetitive behaviors.

Background: Infant obesogenic appetitive behaviors are associated with greater infant weight and child obesity, yet little is known about maternal influences on infant appetitive behaviors. This study examines the relations between maternal eating behaviors, feeding to soothe, and infant appetitive behaviors in a longitudinal sample of United States mothers.

Methods: Pregnant women were recruited in the first trimester (< 12 weeks) and followed through 1 year postpartum.

The role of glycosylphosphatidylinositol phospholipase C in membrane trafficking in Trypanosoma brucei.

Glycosylphosphatidylinositol-phospholipase C (GPI-PLC) is an enzyme that has been implicated in GPI-dependent protein trafficking and phosphoinositide metabolism in the bloodstream stage of African trypanosomes. However, despite the fact that it is associated with the cytoplasmic face of internal organellar compartments, its role in general membrane trafficking has not been investigated. Using a GPI-PLC null cell line, we determine the effect of GPI-PLC deficiency on these processes.

Turnover of Variant Surface Glycoprotein in Trypanosoma brucei Is a Bimodal Process.

African trypanosomes utilize glycosylphosphatidylinositol (GPI)-anchored variant surface glycoprotein (VSG) to evade the host immune system. VSG turnover is thought to be mediated via cleavage of the GPI anchor by endogenous GPI-specific phospholipase C (GPI-PLC). However, GPI-PLC is topologically sequestered from VSG substrates in intact cells.

Stochastic and Age-Dependent Proteostasis Decline Underlies Heterogeneity in Heat-Shock Response Dynamics.

Significant non-genetic stochastic factors affect aging, causing lifespan differences among individuals, even those sharing the same genetic and environmental background. In Caenorhabditis elegans, differences in heat-shock response (HSR) are predictive of lifespan. However, factors contributing to the heterogeneity of HSR are still not fully elucidated.

Disinformation: analysis and identification.

We present an extensive study on disinformation, which is defined as information that is false and misleading and intentionally shared to cause harm. Through this work, we aim to answer the following questions:Can we automatically and accurately classify a news article as containing disinformation?What characteristics of disinformation differentiate it from other types of benign information? We conduct this study in the context of two significant events: the US elections of 2016 and the 2020 COVID pandemic. We build a series of classifiers to (i) examine linguistic clues exhibited by different types of fake news articles, (ii) analyze "clickbaityness" of disinformation headlines, and (iii) finally, perform fine-grained, veracity-based article classification through a natural language inference (NLI) module for automated disinformation verification; this utilizes a manually curated set of evidence sources.

Dynamic, variable oligomerization and the trafficking of variant surface glycoproteins of Trypanosoma brucei.

African trypanosomes cause disease in humans and livestock, avoiding host immunity by changing the expression of variant surface glycoproteins (VSGs); the major glycosylphosphatidylinositol (GPI) anchored antigens coating the surface of the bloodstream stage. Proper trafficking of VSGs is therefore critical to pathogen survival. The valence model argues that GPI anchors regulate progression and fate in the secretory pathway and that, specifically, a valence of two (VSGs are dimers) is critical for stable cell surface association.

Path Analysis of the Mediating Roles of Personality, Distress, and Cognitive Flexibility in the Subjective Well-Being of Combat Veterans With Traumatic Brain Injury.

Objective: To determine the interrelationships among traumatic brain injury (TBI), maladaptive personality traits (MPT), psychological distress, and cognitive flexibility in the prediction of subjective well-being of post-9/11 veterans concurrently and over time.

Setting: Five Veterans Affairs (VA) medical centers and 1 VA outpatient clinic in urban, suburban, and rural areas.

Participants: Five hundred Operation Enduring Freedom/Operation Iraqi Freedom veterans at baseline (219 with TBI), 292 at 18-month follow-up (108 with TBI), drawn from a regional registry and clinic referrals.

Poorer mental health and sleep quality are associated with greater self-reported reward-related eating during pregnancy and postpartum: an observational cohort study.

Background: Depression, stress, and poor-quality sleep are common during pregnancy and postpartum, but the relationship of these factors with reward-related eating is not well understood. This observational cohort study examines associations of depression, stress, and sleep quality with self-reported reward-related eating in pregnancy and postpartum.

Methods: Participants were enrolled at < 12 weeks gestation and followed through 1 year postpartum.

Lysosomal Functions in Glia Associated with Neurodegeneration.

Lysosomes are cellular organelles that contain various acidic digestive enzymes. Despite their small size, they have multiple functions. Lysosomes remove or recycle unnecessary cell parts.

A selection-based next generation sequencing approach to develop robust, genotype-specific mutation profiles in Saccharomyces cerevisiae.

Distinct mutation signatures arise from environmental exposures and/or from defects in metabolic pathways that promote genome stability. The presence of a particular mutation signature can therefore predict the underlying mechanism of mutagenesis. These insults to the genome often alter dNTP pools, which itself impacts replication fidelity.

Light-Induced Paramagnetism in Colloidal Ag-Doped CdSe Nanoplatelets.

We describe a study of the magneto-optical properties of Ag-doped CdSe colloidal nanoplatelets (NPLs) that were grown using a novel doping technique. In this work, we used magnetic circularly polarized luminescence and magnetic circular dichroism spectroscopy to study light-induced magnetism for the first time in 2D solution-processed structures doped with nominally nonmagnetic Ag impurities. The excitonic circular polarization () and the exciton Zeeman splitting () were recorded as a function of the magnetic field () and temperature ().

DeltaNeTS+: elucidating the mechanism of drugs and diseases using gene expression and transcriptional regulatory networks.

Background: Knowledge on the molecular targets of diseases and drugs is crucial for elucidating disease pathogenesis and mechanism of action of drugs, and for driving drug discovery and treatment formulation. In this regard, high-throughput gene transcriptional profiling has become a leading technology, generating whole-genome data on the transcriptional alterations caused by diseases or drug compounds. However, identifying direct gene targets, especially in the background of indirect (downstream) effects, based on differential gene expressions is difficult due to the complexity of gene regulatory network governing the gene transcriptional processes.