A multi-omics atlas of the human retina at single-cell resolution.

Cell classes in the human retina are highly heterogeneous with their abundance varying by several orders of magnitude. Here, we generated and integrated a multi-omics single-cell atlas of the adult human retina, including more than 250,000 nuclei for single-nuclei RNA-seq and 137,000 nuclei for single-nuclei ATAC-seq. Cross-species comparison of the retina atlas among human, monkey, mice, and chicken revealed relatively conserved and non-conserved types.

Individual and Military Factors That Modify the Association Between Recent Sexual Trauma and Health Outcomes Among U.S. Service Members and Veterans.

Sexual trauma (ST), which includes both sexual harassment and sexual assault, is associated with a variety of adverse mental and physical health outcomes in military and civilian populations. However, little is known about whether certain individual or military attributes or prior experiences may modify the relationship between recent ST and mental or physical health outcomes. Data from a longitudinal cohort study of current and former military members were used to examine whether individual and military factors modify the association between recent ST and health outcomes (posttraumatic stress disorder, depression, multiple somatic symptoms, and insomnia).

Fear of COVID-19, insomnia, and eating disorder symptoms among Iranian college students.

Objective: Eating disorders (EDs), fear of COVID-19, and insomnia have all increased during the COVID-19 pandemic in Western societies. Additionally, fear of COVID-19 and sleep disturbances relate to ED symptoms in Western societies. However, it is unknown whether fear of COVID-19 and insomnia relate to ED symptoms in non-Western countries, such as Iran.

Association Between Fuchs Endothelial Corneal Dystrophy, Diabetes Mellitus, and Multimorbidity.

Purpose: The aim of this study was to assess risk for demographic variables and other health conditions that are associated with Fuchs endothelial corneal dystrophy (FECD).

Methods: We developed a FECD case-control algorithm based on structured electronic health record data and confirmed accuracy by individual review of charts at 3 Veterans Affairs (VA) Medical Centers. This algorithm was applied to the Department of VA Million Veteran Program cohort from whom sex, genetic ancestry, comorbidities, diagnostic phecodes, and laboratory values were extracted.

Associations of parent feeding behaviors and early life food exposures with early childhood appetitive traits in an observational cohort study.

Purpose: Child appetitive traits, eating styles that reflect responsiveness to external influences and internal hunger and satiety signals, are associated with eating behaviors and susceptibility to excess weight gain. However, relatively little is known about early life influences on child appetitive traits. This study investigated relations of early life maternal feeding behaviors and food exposures with appetitive traits at age 3.

Quantitation of Total PFAS Including Trifluoroacetic Acid with Fluorine Nuclear Magnetic Resonance Spectroscopy.

Fluorine nuclear magnetic resonance (F-NMR) spectroscopy has been shown to be a powerful tool capable of quantifying the total per- and polyfluoroalkyl substances (PFAS) in a complex sample. The technique relies on the characteristic terminal -CF shift (-82.4 ppm) in the alkyl chain for quantification and does not introduce bias due to sample preparation or matrix effects.

Total energy expenditure as assessed by doubly labeled water and all-cause mortality in a cohort of postmenopausal women.

Background: The association of TEE with all-cause mortality is uncertain, as is the dependence of this association on age.

Objectives: To examine the association between TEE and all-cause mortality, and its age interaction, in a Women's Health Initiative (WHI) cohort of postmenopausal United States women (1992-present).

Methods: A cohort of 1131 WHI participants having DLW TEE assessment of ∼10.

Accelerometer-measured physical activity and postmenopausal breast cancer incidence in the Women's Health Accelerometry Collaboration.

Background: Few studies have examined accelerometer-measured physical activity and incident breast cancer (BC). Thus, this study examined associations between accelerometer-measured vector magnitude counts per 15 seconds (VM/15s) and average daily minutes of light physical activity (LPA), moderate-to-vigorous PA (MVPA), and total PA (TPA) and BC risk among women in the Women's Health Accelerometry Collaboration (WHAC).

Methods: The WHAC comprised 21,089 postmenopausal women (15,375 from the Women's Health Study [WHS]; 5714 from the Women's Health Initiative Objective Physical Activity and Cardiovascular Health Study [OPACH]).

Branching phenomena in nanostructure synthesis illuminated by the study of Ni-based nanocomposites.

Branching phenomena are ubiquitous in both natural and artificial crystallization processes. The branched nanostructures' emergent properties depend upon their structures, but their structural tunability is limited by an inadequate understanding of their formation mechanisms. Here we developed an ensemble of Nickel-Based nano-Composites (NBCs) to investigate branching phenomena in solution-phase synthesis with precision and in depth.

Accelerometer-measured physical activity and sitting with incident mild cognitive impairment or probable dementia among older women.

Introduction: Physical activity (PA) is prospectively inversely associated with dementia risk, but few studies examined accelerometer measures of PA and sitting with rigorously-adjudicated mild cognitive impairment (MCI) and dementia risk.

Methods: We examined the associations of accelerometer measures (PA and sitting) with incident MCI/probable dementia in the Women's Health Initiative (n = 1277; mean age = 82 ± 6 years) RESULTS: Over a median follow-up of 4.2 years, 267 MCI/probable dementia cases were identified.

Paper-Based Hydrogen Sensors Using Ultrathin Palladium Nanowires.

Hydrogen (H), as a chemical energy carrier, is a cleaner alternative to conventional fossil fuels with zero carbon emission and high energy density. The development of fast, low-cost, and sensitive H detection systems is important for the widespread adoption of H technologies. Paper is an environment-friendly, porous, and flexible material with great potential for use in sustainable electronics.

Ultrasensitive Room-Temperature NO Detection Using SnS/MWCNT Composites and Accelerated Recovery Kinetics by UV Activation.

High performance with lower power consumption is one among the essential features of a sensing device. Minute traces of hazardous gases such as NO are difficult to detect. Tin disulfide (SnS) nanosheets have emerged as a promising NO sensor.

Calibration of an Accelerometer Activity Index among Older Women and Its Association with Cardiometabolic Risk Factors.

Purpose: Traditional summary metrics provided by accelerometer device manufacturers, known as counts, are proprietary and manufacturer specific, making them difficult to compare studies using different devices. Alternative summary metrics based on raw accelerometry data have been introduced in recent years. However, they were often not calibrated on ground truth measures of activity-related energy expenditure for direct translation into continuous activity intensity levels.

Using imaginary worlds for real social benefits.

We argue that imaginary worlds gain much of their appeal because they fulfill the fundamental need of human beings to feel connected to other humans. Immersion into story worlds provides a sense of social connection to the characters and groups represented in the world. By fulfilling the need to belong, imaginary worlds provide a buffer against rejection and loneliness.

Cardiorespiratory Fitness in the Prevention and Management of Cardiovascular Disease.

Cardiovascular disease (CVD) is the leading cause of death among adults in the U.S. and elsewhere.

Histology segmentation using active learning on regions of interest in oral cavity squamous cell carcinoma.

In digital pathology, deep learning has been shown to have a wide range of applications, from cancer grading to segmenting structures like glomeruli. One of the main hurdles for digital pathology to be truly effective is the size of the dataset needed for generalization to address the spectrum of possible morphologies. Small datasets limit classifiers' ability to generalize.

Measurement of Protein and Nucleic Acid Diffusion Coefficients Within Biomolecular Condensates Using In-Droplet Fluorescence Correlation Spectroscopy.

Liquid-liquid phase separation of protein and RNA complexes into biomolecular condensates has emerged as a ubiquitous phenomenon in living systems. These protein-RNA condensates are thought to be involved in many biological functions in all forms of life. One of the most sought-after properties of these condensates is their dynamical properties, as they are a major determinant of condensate physiological function and disease processes.

Methods to Assess Melatonin Receptor-Mediated Phase-Shift and Re-entrainment of Rhythmic Behaviors in Mouse Models.

The neurohormone melatonin facilitates entrainment of biological rhythms to environmental light-dark conditions as well as phase-shifts of circadian rhythms in constant conditions via activation of the MT and/or MT receptors expressed within the suprachiasmatic nucleus of the hypothalamus. The efficacy of melatonin and related agonists to modulate biological rhythms can be assessed using two well-validated mouse models of rhythmic behaviors. These models serve as predictive measures of therapeutic efficacy for treatment of circadian phase disorders caused by internal (e.

Modulating the Chiroptical Response of Chiral Polymers with Extended Conjugation within the Structural Building Blocks.

Advancing the emerging area of chiral photonics requires modeling-guided concepts of chiral material design to enhance optical activity and associated optical rotatory dispersion. Herein, we introduce conformational engineering achieved by tuning polymer backbone conjugation through introduction of thiophene structural units in a chiral fluorene polymer backbone. Our theoretical calculations reveal a relationship between the structural conformation and the resultant rotational strength.

Decoupled Rare-Earth Nanoparticles for On-Demand Upconversion Photodynamic Therapy and High-Contrast Near Infrared Imaging in NIR IIb.

Rare-earth doped multi-shell nanoparticles slated for theranostic applications produce a variety of emission bands upon near-infrared (NIR) excitation. Their downshifting emission is useful for high-contrast NIR imaging, while the upconversion light can induce photodynamic therapy (PDT). Unfortunately, integration of imaging and therapy is challenging.

Antidepressant Low Doses of Ketamine and Melatonin in Combination Produce Additive Neurogenesis in Human Olfactory Neuronal Precursors.

Melatonin (MEL), an indolamine with diverse functions in the brain, has been shown to produce antidepressant-like effects, presumably through stimulating neurogenesis. We recently showed that the combination of MEL with ketamine (KET), an NMDA receptor antagonist, has robust antidepressant-like effects in mice, at doses that, by themselves, are non-effective and have no adverse effects. Here, we show that the KET/MEL combination increases neurogenesis in a clone derived from human olfactory neuronal precursors, a translational pre-clinical model for effects in the human CNS.

Validation, Recalibration, and Predictive Accuracy of Published V̇O 2max Prediction Equations for Adults Ages 50-96 Yr.

Purpose: Maximal oxygen uptake ( ) is the criterion measure of cardiorespiratory fitness. Lower cardiorespiratory fitness is a strong predictor of poor health outcomes, including all-cause mortality. Because testing is resource intensive, several non-exercise-based V˙O 2max prediction equations have been published.

Humidity-Tolerant Room-Temperature Selective Dual Sensing and Discrimination of NH and NO Using a WS/MWCNT Composite.

Continuous detection of toxic and hazardous gases like nitric oxide (NO) and ammonia (NH) is needed for environmental management and noninvasive diagnosis of various diseases. However, to the best of our knowledge, dual detection of these two gases has not been previously reported. To address the challenge, we demonstrate the design and fabrication of low-cost NH and NO dual gas sensors using tungsten disulfide/multiwall carbon nanotube (WS/MWCNT) nanocomposites as sensing channels which maintained their performance in a humid environment.