Physical multimorbidity and cancer prevalence in the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey.

Objectives: As the US population ages, both cancer and multimorbidity become more common and pose challenges to the healthcare system. Limited studies have examined the association between multimorbidity and cancer prevalence in the US adult population. To help address this gap, we evaluated the associations between individual chronic conditions and all-site cancer, multimorbidity and all-site cancer, and multimorbidity and site-specific cancers.

Association between serum uric acid and obesity in Chinese adults: a 9-year longitudinal data analysis.

Objectives: Hyperuricaemia has been reported to be significantly associated with risk of obesity. However, previous studies on the association between serum uric acid (SUA) and body mass index (BMI) yielded conflicting results. The present study examined the relationship between SUA and obesity among Chinese adults.

The value of federated learning during and post-COVID-19.

Federated learning (FL) as a distributed machine learning (ML) technique has lately attracted increasing attention of healthcare stakeholders as FL is perceived as a promising decentralized approach to address data privacy and security concerns. The FL approach stores and maintains the privacy-sensitive data locally while allows multiple sites to train ML models collaboratively. We aim to describe the most recent real-world cases using the FL in both COVID-19 and non-COVID-19 scenarios and also highlight current limitations and practical challenges of FL.

Malaria in Southern Venezuela: The hottest hotspot in Latin America.

Malaria elimination in Latin America is becoming an elusive goal. Malaria cases reached a historical ~1 million in 2017 and 2018, with Venezuela contributing 53% and 51% of those cases, respectively. Historically, malaria incidence in southern Venezuela has accounted for most of the country's total number of cases.

Post-traumatic stress disorder as a moderator of transdiagnostic, residential eating disorder treatment outcome trajectory.

Objective: Residential treatment for severe eating disorders (EDs) is associated with primarily positive outcomes. However, less is known about the moderators of treatment response. Comorbid post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD) diagnosis is associated with increased ED symptom severity.

Research guidelines for embryoids.

Human embryo models formed from stem cells-known as embryoids-allow scientists to study the elusive first stages of human development without having to experiment on actual human embryos. But clear ethical guidelines for research involving embryoids are still lacking. Previously, a handful of researchers put forward new recommendations for embryoids, which they hope will be included in the next set of International Society for Stem Cell Research guidelines.

Detection and Quantification of Psychoactive ,-Dimethyltryptamine in Ayahuasca Brews by Ambient Ionization High-Resolution Mass Spectrometry.

The United Nations Office on Drugs and Crime designated twenty psychoactive botanical species as "plants of concern" because of their increased recreational abuse. Four of these are used to prepare ayahuasca brews. The complexity of the plant matrices, as well as the beverage itself, make the identification and quantification of the Schedule I component, -dimethyltryptamine (DMT), a time-consuming and resource-intensive endeavor when performed using conventional approaches previously reported.

Maternal folic acid supplementation mediates the associations between maternal socioeconomic status and congenital heart diseases in offspring.

Low maternal socioeconomic status (SES) is considered as a risk factor of congenital heart diseases (CHDs) in offspring. However, the pathways underpinning the SES-CHDs associations are unclear. We assessed if first trimester maternal folic acid supplementation (FAS) is a mediator of the SES-CHDs associations.

HIV and three dimensions of Wisdom: Association with cognitive function and physical and mental well-being: For: Psychiatry Research.

Wisdom is a unique human personality trait with cognitive, affective or compassionate, and reflective dimensions. We evaluated relationships of three specific dimensions of wisdom with cognitive function and physical and mental well-being in people with HIV (PWH) and HIV-negative (HIV-) participants. Subjects included 138 adults (61 PWH, 77 HIV-) from the San Diego community.

The Epidemiological Signature of Pathogen Populations That Vary in the Relationship between Free-Living Parasite Survival and Virulence.

The relationship between parasite virulence and transmission is a pillar of evolutionary theory that has implications for public health. Part of this canon involves the idea that virulence and free-living survival (a key component of transmission) may have different relationships in different host-parasite systems. Most examinations of the evolution of virulence-transmission relationships-Theoretical or empirical in nature-Tend to focus on the evolution of virulence, with transmission being a secondary consideration.

Computational Study Investigating the Atmospheric Oxidation Mechanism and Kinetics of Dipropyl Thiosulfinate Initiated by OH Radicals and the Fate of Propanethiyl Radical.

The OH radical-initiated atmospheric oxidation mechanism of dipropyl thiosulfinate (CHCHCH-S(O)S-CHCHCH, DPTS), a volatile released by genus plants, has been investigated using /DFT electronic structure calculations. The DPTS + OH reaction can proceed through (1) abstraction and (2) substitution pathways. The present calculations show that addition of OH to the sulfur atom of the sulfinyl (-S(═O)) group, followed by simultaneous cleavage of the S-S single bond, leading to the formation of propanethiyl radical (PTR) and propanesulfinic acid, is the major pathway when compared to the other possible abstraction and substitution reactions.

Production and comprehension of pronouns in individuals with autism: A meta-analysis and systematic review.

This research compared pronoun use in individuals with autism and typically developing peers. Meta-analysis and systematic review of 20 selected articles were used to determine whether significant differences existed in the use of pronouns overall as well as in personal, ambiguous, possessive, reflexive, and clitic pronoun usage. Summary effects indicated significant differences between individuals with autism and their typically developing peers in the use of pronouns overall as well as in ambiguous, clitic, and reflexive pronoun usage, but not in personal and possessive pronoun usage.

A Rapid Review of the Impact of Systems-Level Policies and Interventions on Population-Level Outcomes Related to the Opioid Epidemic, United States and Canada, 2014-2018.

Objectives: In the United States, rising rates of overdose deaths and recent outbreaks of hepatitis C virus and HIV infection are associated with injection drug use. We updated a 2014 review of systems-level opioid policy interventions by focusing on evidence published during 2014-2018 and new and expanded opioid policies.

Methods: We searched the MEDLINE database, consistent with the 2014 review.

First-Trimester Maternal Folic Acid Supplementation Reduced Risks of Severe and Most Congenital Heart Diseases in Offspring: A Large Case-Control Study.

Background Maternal folic acid supplementation (FAS) reduces the risk of neural tube defects in offspring. However, its effect on congenital heart disease (CHDs), especially on the severe ones remains uncertain. This study aimed to assess the individual and joint effect of first-trimester maternal FAS and multivitamin use on CHDs in offspring.

Drivers of community turnover differ between avian hemoparasite genera along a North American latitudinal gradient.

The latitudinal diversity gradient (LDG) is an established macroecological pattern, but is poorly studied in microbial organisms, particularly parasites. In this study, we tested whether latitude, elevation, and host species predicted patterns of prevalence, alpha diversity, and community turnover of hemosporidian parasites. We expected parasite diversity to decrease with latitude, alongside the diversity of their hosts and vectors.

Trends in the Mortality Risk of Living Alone during Old Age in Sweden, 1992-2011.

This study investigates the association between living alone and mortality over a recent 19-year period (1992-2011). Data from a repeated cross-sectional, nationally representative (Sweden) study of adults ages 77 and older are analyzed in relation to 3-year mortality. Findings suggest that the mortality risk associated with living alone during old age increased between 1992 and 2011 ( = .

Episodic mindreading: Mentalizing guided by scene construction of imagined and remembered events.

Attributing mental states to other people fundamentally shapes how we bond, coordinate, and predict the actions of others. Perceiving a person's facial expressions and body language in the present contribute to our ability to understand what they are thinking and feeling. Yet, people do not exist in a vacuum and individuals often think about people who are not directly in front of them.

A valuable and affordable handheld ultrasound in combating COVID-19.

The handheld ultrasound demonstrates clinical and economic value in combating COVID-19 based on interviews with frontline ultrasound physician and cardiologist as well as a national expert in medical ultrasound.

A classification framework for defined by global genomic structure.

, the causative agent of anthrax, is a considerable global health threat affecting wildlife, livestock, and the general public. In this study, whole-genome sequence analysis of over 350 isolates was used to establish a new high-resolution global genotyping framework that is both biogeographically informative and compatible with multiple genomic assays. The data presented in this study shed new light on the diverse global dissemination of this species and indicate that many lineages may be uniquely suited to the geographic regions in which they are found.

Association of US Households' Disaster Preparedness With Socioeconomic Characteristics, Composition, and Region.

Importance: Since the terrorist attacks on September 11, 2001, the US government has promoted household disaster preparedness, but preparedness remains low.

Objective: To identify disparities in disaster preparedness among US households.

Design, Setting, And Participants: This cross-sectional study used data from a nationally representative sample of US households from the 2017 American Housing Survey's topical section on preparedness to assess associations of disaster preparedness with households' socioeconomic characteristics, composition, and region.

Reaction mechanism, energetics, and kinetics of the water-assisted thioformaldehyde + ˙OH reaction and the fate of its product radical under tropospheric conditions.

The reactions of thioformaldehyde (H2CS) with OH radicals and assisted by a single water molecule have been investigated using high level ab initio quantum chemistry calculations. The H2CS + ˙OH reaction can in principle proceed through: (1) abstraction, and (2) addition pathways. The barrier height for the addition reaction in the absence of a catalyst was found to be -0.

Learning and the Lifespan: What's Sex Got to Do With It?

Engagement in sexual behavior can impact neurosteroidogenesis, in particular production of the prohormone testosterone (T) and likely its subsequent metabolism to 5α-androstane-3α-17β-Diol (3α-Diol) or aromatization to estradiol (E). Androgens and their metabolites vary across the lifespan and impact many behaviors, including cognition, anxiety, and sexual behavior. Thus, we hypothesized that mating may alter cognitive performance via androstane neurosteroids in an age- and experience-dependent manner.