Dynamic and adaptive cancer stem cell population admixture in colorectal neoplasia.

Intestinal homeostasis is underpinned by LGR5+ve crypt-base columnar stem cells (CBCs), but following injury, dedifferentiation results in the emergence of LGR5-ve regenerative stem cell populations (RSCs), characterized by fetal transcriptional profiles. Neoplasia hijacks regenerative signaling, so we assessed the distribution of CBCs and RSCs in mouse and human intestinal tumors. Using combined molecular-morphological analysis, we demonstrate variable expression of stem cell markers across a range of lesions.

Prothrombinase-Induced Clotting Time to Measure Drug Concentrations of Rivaroxaban, Apixaban, and Edoxaban in Clinical Practice: A Cross-Sectional Study.

Prothrombinase-induced clotting time (PiCT) is proposed as a rapid and inexpensive laboratory test to measure direct oral anticoagulant (DOAC) drug levels. In a prospective, multicenter cross-sectional study, including 851 patients, we aimed to study the accuracy of PiCT in determining rivaroxaban, apixaban, and edoxaban drug concentrations and assessed whether clinically relevant drug levels could be predicted correctly. Citrated plasma samples were collected, and the Pefakit PiCT was utilized.

Incidence of Revision Surgery After Decompression With vs Without Fusion Among Patients With Degenerative Lumbar Spinal Stenosis.

Importance: Only limited data derived from large prospective cohort studies exist on the incidence of revision surgery among patients who undergo operations for degenerative lumbar spinal stenosis (DLSS).

Objective: To assess the cumulative incidence of revision surgery after 2 types of index operations-decompression alone or decompression with fusion-among patients with DLSS.

Design, Setting, And Participants: This cohort study analyzed data from a multicenter, prospective cohort study, the Lumbar Stenosis Outcome Study, which included patients aged 50 years or older with DLSS at 8 spine surgery and rheumatology units in Switzerland between December 2010 and December 2015.

Predictors associated with mortality of extracorporeal life support therapy for acute heart failure: single-center experience with 679 patients.

Background: Extracorporeal life support (ECLS) therapy is increasingly used for cardiac and respiratory support postcardiotomy, refractory cardiogenic shock and cardiopulmonary resuscitation. This study aims to describe in-hospital mortality of patients requiring ECLS, identify independent predictors associated with mortality and analyze changes of mortality over time.

Methods: This retrospective study includes all adult ECLS cases at the University Hospital Zurich, a designated ECLS center in Switzerland, in the period 2007 to 2019.

Quality outcome of diabetes care during COVID-19 pandemic: a primary care cohort study.

Aim: Management of diabetes care can be affected by COVID-19 pandemic control measures. This study aimed to determine the impact of the pandemic, during 17.03.

Effects of acute administration of trimethylamine N-oxide on endothelial function: a translational study.

Elevated circulating levels of nutrient-derived trimethylamine N-oxide (TMAO) have been associated with the onset and progression of cardiovascular disease by promoting athero-thrombosis. However, in conditions like bariatric surgery (Roux-en-Y gastric bypass, RYGB), stable increases of plasma TMAO are associated with improved endothelial function and reduced cardiovascular morbidity and mortality, thus questioning whether a mechanistic relationship between TMAO and endothelial dysfunction exists. Herein, we translationally assessed the effects of acute TMAO exposure on endothelial dysfunction, thrombosis and stroke.

WHO 2022 landscape of papillary and chromophobe renal cell carcinoma.

The 5th edition of the WHO Classification of Tumours of the Urinary and Male Genital Systems contains relevant revisions and introduces a group of molecularly defined renal tumour subtypes. Herein we present the World Health Organization (WHO) 2022 perspectives on papillary and chromophobe renal cell carcinoma with emphasis on their evolving classification, differential diagnosis, and emerging entities. The WHO 2022 classification eliminated the type 1/2 papillary renal cell carcinoma (pRCC) subcategorization, given the recognition of frequent mixed tumour phenotypes and the existence of entities with a different molecular background within the type 2 pRCC category.

Attractiveness of medical disciplines amongst Swiss first-year medical students allocated to different medical education tracks: cross-sectional study.

Background: As most countries, Switzerland is experiencing a shortage of physicians especially in general practice and new medical education tracks with respective focusses have been started in response. This study investigated Swiss medical students' career openness and attractiveness of different medical disciplines as well as the concordance of students' career intentions with assigned medical education tracks.

Methods: Cross-sectional study surveying first year medical students assigned to four different Swiss medical education tracks with distinctive additional education focuses (ETH Zurich: medical technology and engineering, University of St.

Liver infarctions as the first manifestation of antiphospholipid antibody syndrome in pregnancy: a case report.

Background: The differential diagnosis of abdominal pain in pregnant women is broad. Liver diseases as the origin of abdominal pain in pregnancy are rare, and severe forms occur in less than 0.1% of pregnancies.

Tracking Strain-Specific Morphogenesis and Angiogenesis of Murine Calvaria with Large-Scale Optoacoustic and Ultrasound Microscopy.

Skull bone development is a dynamic and well-coordinated process playing a key role in maturation and maintenance of the bone marrow (BM), fracture healing, and progression of diseases such as osteoarthritis or osteoporosis. At present, dynamic transformation of the growing bone (osteogenesis) as well as its vascularization (angiogenesis) remain largely unexplored due to the lack of suitable in vivo imaging techniques capable of noninvasive visualization of the whole developing calvaria at capillary-level resolution. We present a longitudinal study on skull bone development using ultrasound-aided large-scale optoacoustic microscopy (U-LSOM).

Deletion of BACH1 Attenuates Atherosclerosis by Reducing Endothelial Inflammation.

Background: The transcription factor BACH1 (BTB and CNC homology 1) suppressed endothelial cells (ECs) proliferation and migration and impaired angiogenesis in the ischemic hindlimbs of adult mice. However, the role and underlying mechanisms of BACH1 in atherosclerosis remain unclear.

Methods: Mouse models of atherosclerosis in endothelial cell (EC)-specific-Bach1 knockout mice were used to study the role of BACH1 in the regulation of atherogenesis and the underlying mechanisms.

Association between depression and anxiety on symptom and function after surgery for lumbar spinal stenosis.

Evidence on the role of depression and anxiety in patients undergoing surgical treatment for symptomatic degenerative lumbar spinal stenosis (DLSS) is conflicting. We aimed to assess the association between depression and anxiety with symptoms and function in patients undergoing surgery for DLSS. Included were patients with symptomatic DLSS participating in a prospective multicentre cohort study who underwent surgery and completed the 24-month follow-up.

Single-Cell Analysis Identify Transcription Factor BACH1 as a Master Regulator Gene in Vascular Cells During Aging.

Vascular aging is a potent driver of cardiovascular and cerebrovascular diseases. Vascular aging features cellular and functional changes, while its molecular mechanisms and the cell heterogeneity are poorly understood. This study aims to 1) explore the cellular and molecular properties of aged cardiac vasculature in monkey and mouse and 2) demonstrate the role of transcription factor BACH1 in the regulation of endothelial cell (EC) senescence and its mechanisms.

NK Cells and Innate-Like T Cells After Autologous Hematopoietic Stem Cell Transplantation in Multiple Sclerosis.

Multiple sclerosis (MS) is an autoimmune disease of the central nervous system, in which autoreactive T and B cells play important roles. Other lymphocytes such as NK cells and innate-like T cells appear to be involved as well. To name a few examples, CD56 NK cells were described as an immunoregulatory NK cell subset in MS while innate-like T cells in MS were described in brain lesions and with proinflammatory signatures.

Statistical tests for intra-tumour clonal co-occurrence and exclusivity.

Tumour progression is an evolutionary process in which different clones evolve over time, leading to intra-tumour heterogeneity. Interactions between clones can affect tumour evolution and hence disease progression and treatment outcome. Intra-tumoural pairs of mutations that are overrepresented in a co-occurring or clonally exclusive fashion over a cohort of patient samples may be suggestive of a synergistic effect between the different clones carrying these mutations.

Remodeling of the Bone Marrow Stromal Microenvironment During Pathogenic Infections.

The bone marrow (BM) is the primary hematopoietic organ and a hub in which organismal demands for blood cellular output are systematically monitored. BM tissues are additionally home to a plethora of mature immune cell types, providing functional environments for the activation of immune responses and acting as preferred anatomical reservoirs for cells involved in immunological memory. Stromal cells of the BM microenvironment crucially govern different aspects of organ function, by structuring tissue microanatomy and by directly providing essential regulatory cues to hematopoietic and immune components in distinct niches.

Posttranscriptional Regulation of the Human LDL Receptor by the U2-Spliceosome.

Background: The LDLR (low-density lipoprotein receptor) in the liver is the major determinant of LDL-cholesterol levels in human plasma. The discovery of genes that regulate the activity of LDLR helps to identify pathomechanisms of hypercholesterolemia and novel therapeutic targets against atherosclerotic cardiovascular disease.

Methods: We performed a genome-wide RNA interference screen for genes limiting the uptake of fluorescent LDL into Huh-7 hepatocarcinoma cells.

Radiation dose reduction with deep-learning image reconstruction for coronary computed tomography angiography.

Objectives: Deep-learning image reconstruction (DLIR) offers unique opportunities for reducing image noise without degrading image quality or diagnostic accuracy in coronary CT angiography (CCTA). The present study aimed at exploiting the capabilities of DLIR to reduce radiation dose and assess its impact on stenosis severity, plaque composition analysis, and plaque volume quantification.

Methods: This prospective study includes 50 patients who underwent two sequential CCTA scans at normal-dose (ND) and lower-dose (LD).

Characteristics and health care costs in patients with a diagnostic imaging for low back pain in Switzerland.

Low back pain (LBP) is one of the most common musculoskeletal disorders worldwide and a frequent cause for health care utilization with a high economic burden. A large proportion of diagnostic imaging in patients with LBP is inappropriate and can cause more harm than good, which in turn can lead to higher health care costs. The aim of this study was to determine characteristics and health care costs for patients with a diagnostic imaging for LBP in Switzerland.

Treatment Patterns in Patients with Diagnostic Imaging for Low Back Pain: A Retrospective Observational Study.

Purpose: Low back pain (LBP) is one of the most frequent reasons for medical consultations. Literature suggests a large evidence-performance gap, especially regarding pain management. Therefore, the monitoring of treatment patterns is important to ensure high quality of treatment.

Reduction of otorhinolaryngological consultations due to the COVID-19 lockdown and its impact on disease progression.

Objectives: To compare consultations at the Otorhinolaryngological Department at a tertiary referral centre between the COVID-19 lockdown in 2020 and the same period in 2019, as well as to study the impact of deferring visits on disease progression.

Methods: The emergency consultations during these time periods were analysed retrospectively. The effect of postponing appointments on disease progression was examined for 122 patients with chronic rhinosinusitis, for 50 patients with a benign tumour and for 22 patients with the diagnosis of a malignant tumour.