Esophageal perforation and epidural emphysema as complications of nasogastric tube placement.

We present a 72-year-old man with end-stage renal disease and Hashimoto encephalopathy in whom a diagnosis of epidural emphysema because of esophageal perforation by a nasogastric tube placement. Although its imaging findings may be alarming to clinicians, close monitoring and conservative treatment are advisable.

Effectiveness of the educational training program for Japanese chief residents: A one-year pilot study.

Background: Multi-institutional faculty development programs for chief residents were lacking in Japan. This study evaluated the effectiveness of the program for enhancing the knowledge and behaviors of chief residents at the national level.

Methods: Six participants completed self-assessment questionnaires at three points: before, immediately after, and 6 months post-program.

Annual report on National Clinical Database 2021 for gastroenterological surgery in Japan.

Aim: The Japanese National Clinical Database, which covers more than 95% of the surgeries performed in Japan, is the largest nationwide database. This is the 2021 annual report of the Gastroenterological Section of the National Clinical Database, which aims to present the short-term outcomes of cases registered in 2021 and discuss significant changes and insights into gastroenterological surgeries observed over the decade.

Methods: We reviewed the data of patients registered in the National Clinical Database between 2012 and 2021.

Tips for percutaneous nephrolithotomy for transplant kidney stone.

Introduction: The management of urinary tract stones, particularly kidney allograft stones, presents unique challenges for kidney transplant recipients because of their prevalence and specific clinical considerations. Here, we describe a case in which percutaneous nephrolithotomy was successfully used to fragment a large kidney allograft stone ≥20 mm in size.

Case Presentation: A 57-year-old woman who underwent ureteroureterostomy post simultaneous pancreas-kidney transplantation presented with gross hematuria after 15 years.

Development and validation of the Japanese version of the Public Attitudes Toward Epilepsy (PATE-J) Scale.

Aim: This study aimed to develop and validate a Japanese version of the Public Attitudes Toward Epilepsy (PATE-J) Scale to measure attitudes towards epilepsy among the general Japanese population.

Methods: The study employed a cross-sectional design using an online survey of 537 participants from the general public in Japan, with follow-up surveys at 2 weeks and 3 months. The PATE Scale was translated following standard guidelines and validated by conducting confirmatory factor analysis (CFA) on the complete data set to assess the original two-factor structure of the PATE Scale.

The COVID-19 pandemic-induced behavioral restrictions and their impact on child and adolescent psychiatric units-Infection control or freedom.

Aim: This study examines the impact of COVID-19 pandemic-induced behavioral restrictions on child psychiatric inpatients in Japan, particularly focusing on limitations placed on outings and overnight stays as infection-control measures.

Methods: Data were collected from inpatients from the children's mental health registry between January 2016 and December 2022. The clinical data, such as age, gender, diagnosis, result of polymerase chain reaction (PCR) tests, frequency of outings and overnight stays before and after the pandemic, were compared.

Assisted reproductive technology in Japan: A summary report for 2022 by the Ethics Committee of the Japan Society of Obstetrics and Gynecology.

Purpose: This descriptive analysis evaluated the 2022 assisted reproductive technology (ART) data collected by the Japan Society of Obstetrics and Gynecology registry.

Methods And Results: In 2022 (cutoff date 30 November 2023), 634 of 635 registered ART facilities participated; 602 implemented ART treatment, with 543 630 registered cycles and 77 206 neonates (9.1% and 10.

Clinical outcomes during and after wearable cardioverter defibrillator use in Japanese patients with heart failure: A single-center experience.

Background: A wearable cardioverter defibrillator (WCD) is indicated for a limited period in patients at high risk of sudden cardiac death (SCD). Nonischemic heart failure (HF) is common among Japanese patients with HF. The aim of this study was to evaluate the incidence of fatal arrhythmias during WCD use and the clinical outcomes after WCD withdrawal in Japanese patients with HF.

The relation between resident mentorship and in-training examination scores: A nation-wide, cross-sectional study in Japan.

Background: Mentorship is a dynamic reciprocal relationship, wherein a novice (mentee) grows with the encouragement of an advanced careerist (mentor). It is widely implemented in medical training programs. However, there are few reports on mentorship's educational effects in the Japanese context.

Computed tomography findings of 50 patients diagnosed with aspiration pneumonia: A case series.

The effect of neglecting imaging in aspiration pneumonia diagnosis is not well understood. In this study, the computed tomography images of 50 patients diagnosed with aspiration pneumonia were retrospectively analyzed by three radiologists at a different hospital. Among these cases, 32%-42% were not classified as aspiration pneumonia based on imaging.

Training in trauma surgical techniques using cryopreserved porcine organs.

Aim: To develop a trauma surgery training program using porcine organs and evaluate its usefulness. This program allows participants to experience the tactile sensation of organs and bleeding, which are impossible in trauma surgery training using a cadaver.

Methods: Resected organs (heart, lung, liver, spleen, kidney, small intestine, bladder, and external carotid artery) from slaughtered pigs for medical research were perfused with saline solution, flash-frozen in a deep freezer, and thawed naturally on the morning of training.

Artificial Intelligence (AI)-Driven Frailty Prediction Using Electronic Health Records in Hospitalized Patients With Cardiovascular Disease.

Background: This study aimed to create a deep learning model for predicting phenotypic physical frailty from electronic medical record information in patients with cardiovascular disease.

Methods And Results: This single-center retrospective study enrolled patients who could be assessed for physical frailty according to cardiovascular health study criteria (25.5% [691/2,705] of the patients were frail).

Modified oral antibiotics and mechanical bowel preparation (OAMBP) versus conventional OAMBP for sigmoid colon and rectal surgery: A multicenter randomized non-inferiority trial.

Aim: To evaluate whether the use of a laxative with reduced patient burden in oral antibiotics and mechanical bowel preparation (OAMBP) could prevent surgical site infection (SSI) in left-sided colon and rectal cancers.

Methods: This multicenter, non-blinded, randomized, non-inferiority trial included patients who underwent elective colorectal surgery for colorectal cancer in a university and community hospital in Japan from April 1, 2021 to March 31, 2023. We compared conventional OAMBP (polyethylene glycol, metronidazole, and kanamycin) (cOAMBP group) with modified OAMBP (sodium picosulfate hydrate, metronidazole, and kanamycin) (mOAMBP group).

Switching cisplatin to carboplatin in chemotherapy for metastatic penile cancer in a patient intolerant to cisplatin.

Introduction: Cisplatin is currently the key drug in the chemotherapy regimen for metastatic penile cancer. There are few reports of alternative medicines for patients who cannot tolerate cisplatin. This report describes a case in which carboplatin was used instead.

A case of severe visual loss related to treatment with pembrolizumab for metastatic renal pelvic cancer.

Introduction: Pembrolizumab is the standard therapy for urothelial carcinoma treatment; however, adverse events have been noted. Here, we report a rare case of vision loss as an immune-related adverse event of pembrolizumab therapy in a patient with metastatic renal pelvic cancer.

Case Presentation: A 69-year-old man treated with pembrolizumab for lung and lymph node metastases of renal pelvic cancer experienced significant vision loss in both eyes after 11 treatment cycles.

Clinical Impact of Baseline Frailty Status and Residual Mitral Regurgitation After Transcatheter Edge-to-Edge Repair: Insights From the OCEAN-Mitral Registry.

Background: The Clinical Frailty Scale (CFS) is a useful frailty marker for predicting clinical outcomes in patients undergoing invasive therapy. However, the clinical impact of CFS after transcatheter edge-to-edge repair in patients with mitral regurgitation (MR) remains unclear. This study aimed to elucidate the association between the baseline frail status defined by the CFS and clinical outcomes with or without postprocedural MR ≥2+ (post-MR ≥2+) after transcatheter edge-to-edge repair.

Large angular correction of arithmetic coronal alignment is associated with residual lateral laxity after total knee arthroplasty in varus knees for Japanese patients.

Purpose: One of the most common types of coronal plane alignment of the knee (CPAK) is type I, which is characterised by varus alignment and apex distal joint line obliquity. The purpose of this study was to evaluate the association of changes in arithmetic hip-knee-ankle angle (aHKA) with both postoperative joint laxity and patient-reported outcome measures (PROMs) in patients with CPAK type I following mechanical alignment (MA) total knee arthroplasty (TKA).

Methods: Of 111 consecutive knees in 92 patients with osteoarthritis who underwent primary TKA, 80 knees (72.

Decremental conduction property in the slow conduction zone of adenosine-sensitive atrial tachycardia.

In the case of adenosine-sensitive atrial tachycardia originating near the atrioventricular (AV) node, overdrive pacing from the anterior right atrium showed constant and progressive fusion, indicating that the pacing site is proximal to slow conduction. Shortening the pacing cycle length prolonged conduction times to the orthodromic capture sites; they remained unchanged at the antidromic capture sites. Limited decremental conduction property in the slow conduction zone supports the hypothesis that AV node-like tissue remnants along the AV annulus are involved.