Missed or Delayed Cervical Spine or Spinal Cord Injuries Treated at a Tertiary Referral Hospital in Rwanda.

Objectives: This study was aimed at 1) reporting cases of missed cervical spine injuries treated at a tertiary-level hospital, King Faisal Hospital, Rwanda (KFH-R), and 2) identifying the causes of delaying the diagnosis.

Methods: We prospectively collected data from patients with a missed or delayed cervical spine and/or cord injury treated at King Faisal Hospital, Kigali for a 12-month period (January 2012 to December 2012). The total number of cervical spine injury patients treated at our center was retrieved from the hospital admission registry.

'They would never receive you without a husband': Paradoxical barriers to antenatal care scale-up in Rwanda.

Objective: To explore perspectives and experiences of antenatal care and partner involvement among women who nearly died during pregnancy ('near-miss').

Design: A study guided by naturalistic inquiry was conducted, and included extended in-community participant observation, semi-structured interviews, and focus group discussions. Qualitative data were collected between March 2013 and April 2014 in Kigali, Rwanda.

A multi-platform metabolomics approach identifies highly specific biomarkers of bacterial diversity in the vagina of pregnant and non-pregnant women.

Bacterial vaginosis (BV) increases transmission of HIV, enhances the risk of preterm labour, and is associated with malodour. Clinical diagnosis often relies on microscopy, which may not reflect the microbiota composition accurately. We use an untargeted metabolomics approach, whereby we normalize the weight of samples prior to analysis, to obtained precise measurements of metabolites in vaginal fluid.

Hospital Incidence and Outcomes of the Acute Respiratory Distress Syndrome Using the Kigali Modification of the Berlin Definition.

Rationale: Estimates of the incidence of the acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS) in high- and middle-income countries vary from 10.1 to 86.2 per 100,000 person-years in the general population.

State of emergency medicine in Rwanda 2015: an innovative trainee and trainer model.

The 1994 Rwandan war and genocide left more than 1 million people dead; millions displaced; and the country's economic, social, and health infrastructure destroyed. Despite remaining one of the poorest countries in the world, Rwanda has made remarkable gains in health, social, and economic development over the last 20 years, but modern emergency care has been slow to progress. Rwanda has recently established the Human Resources for Health program to rapidly build capacity in multiple sectors of its healthcare delivery system, including emergency medicine.

Identifying gaps in the surgical training curriculum in Rwanda through evaluation of operative activity at a teaching hospital.

Objective: To define the operations performed by surgical residents at a tertiary referral hospital in Rwanda to help guide development of the residency program.

Design: Cross-sectional study of all patients operated by surgical residents from October 2012 to September 2013.

Setting: University Teaching Hospital of Kigali (Centre Hospitalier Universitaire de Kigali [CHUK]), a public, tertiary referral hospital in Kigali, Rwanda.

Hepatitis B and C seroprevalence among health care workers in a tertiary hospital in Rwanda.

Background: Hepatitis B (HBV) and hepatitis C (HCV) are significant global public health challenges with health care workers (HCWs) at especially high risk of exposure in resource-poor settings. We aimed to measure HBV and HCV prevalence, identify exposure risks and evaluate hepatitis-related knowledge amongst Rwandan tertiary hospital HCWs.

Methods: A cross sectional study involving tertiary hospital employees was conducted from October to December 2013.

Knowledge and skills retention following Emergency Triage, Assessment and Treatment plus Admission course for final year medical students in Rwanda: a longitudinal cohort study.

Aim: To determine whether, after the Emergency Triage, Assessment and Treatment plus Admission (ETAT+) course, a comprehensive paediatric life support course, final year medical undergraduates in Rwanda would achieve a high level of knowledge and practical skills and if these were retained. To guide further course development, student feedback was obtained.

Methods: Longitudinal cohort study of knowledge and skills of all final year medical undergraduates at the University of Rwanda in academic year 2011-2012 who attended a 5-day ETAT+ course.

Harnessing microbiome and probiotic research in sub-Saharan Africa: recommendations from an African workshop.

To augment capacity-building for microbiome and probiotic research in Africa, a workshop was held in Nairobi, Kenya, at which researchers discussed human, animal, insect, and agricultural microbiome and probiotics/prebiotics topics. Five recommendations were made to promote future basic and translational research that benefits Africans.

Preparing for safety monitoring after rotavirus vaccine implementation: a retrospective review of intussusception cases among children at a large teaching hospital in Rwanda, 2009-2012.

Background: In some settings, rotavirus vaccines have been associated with a small risk of intussusception. This study describes the demographics, clinical characteristics and outcomes of children with intussusception in Rwanda before vaccine introduction in May 2012.

Methods: We retrospectively reviewed data on pediatric patients treated for intussusception at University Teaching Hospital of Kigali from January 2009 to June 2012.

Malaria prevalence, spatial clustering and risk factors in a low endemic area of Eastern Rwanda: a cross sectional study.

Background: Rwanda reported significant reductions in malaria burden following scale up of control intervention from 2005 to 2010. This study sought to; measure malaria prevalence, describe spatial malaria clustering and investigate for malaria risk factors among health-centre-presumed malaria cases and their household members in Eastern Rwanda.

Methods: A two-stage health centre and household-based survey was conducted in Ruhuha sector, Eastern Rwanda from April to October 2011.

Fetal and maternal hemodynamics in acute malaria during pregnancy.

Objective: To measure maternal and fetal hemodynamics during acute malaria in pregnancy.

Methods: Time courses of maternal heart rate (MHR), maternal blood pressure (BP), and fetal heart rate (FHR) were performed until 56 days after initiation of anti-malarial treatment with artemether-lumefantrine. Women with malaria were hospitalized for at least 3 days until recovery.

Pharmacovigilance of artemether-lumefantrine in pregnant women followed until delivery in Rwanda.

Background: The World Health Organization presently recommends Artemisinin-based combination therapy (ACT) as first-line therapy for uncomplicated P. falciparum malaria. Many malaria-endemic countries, including Rwanda, have adopted these treatment guidelines.