Childhood irritability-aggression profiles and parent-to-child violence: Evidence of interactive effect in predicting youth violence.

Objective: Early irritability, aggression, and parent-to-child violence (PCV) each are presumed to predict later violent behavior. Few studies, however, have examined these factors simultaneously. This study investigated how irritability and aggression jointly manifested during childhood and whether such manifestations, PCV, and their interactions were associated with late-adolescent violence.

Aggregation-induced emission and absorption enhancement of mixed-valent rhenium oxide quantum dots by triethylamine: Implications for food safety monitoring.

Food freshness monitoring and volatile amine detection are key to food safety. In this study, we demonstrated the applicability of mixed-valence rhenium oxide quantum dots (MV-ReOQDs), synthesized via the hydrothermal reaction of α-cyclodextrin and rhenium ion precursors, in triethylamine (TEA) sensing. Spectroscopic correlation techniques showed that the developed MV-ReOQDs possessed mixed-valent rhenium, α-cyclodextrin as capped ligand, partially carbonized surface, and amorphous phase structure.

Healthcare utilization and costs for patients with Parkinson's disease in Taiwan.

Background: Parkinson's disease (PD) exerts a considerable burden on the elderly. Studies on long-term costs for Parkinson's disease patients in Taiwan are not available.

Objectives: This study aims to examine the medical resource utilization and medical costs including drug costs for PD patients in Taiwan over up to 15 years of follow-up.

Cinnamic acid lowers blood pressure and reverses vascular endothelial dysfunction in rats.

Cinnamic acid (CA) possesses important cardiovascular effects such as cardioprotective, antiatherogenic, antihyperlipidemic and antioxidant, which predicts its potential role in the treatment of hypertension. The study was executed to investigate the antihypertensive potential of CA in Sprague Dawley (SD) rats followed by evaluation in diverse vascular preparations. Invasive blood pressure monitoring technique was used in normotensive and hypertensive rats, under anesthesia.

Oncogenic RARγ isoforms promote head and neck cancer proliferation through vinexin-β-mediated cell cycle acceleration and autocrine activation of EGFR signal.

Results of retinoid-based therapies in head and neck cancer (HNC) are generally disappointing, indicating a lack of understanding of retinoic acid signaling. The role of retinoic acid receptor gamma (RARγ) and its isoforms in HNC is yet to be established. In this study, we found that RARγ1, 2, 4 are the predominant RARγ isoforms expressed in various types of human cancers, including HNC.

Harnessing Raman spectroscopy and multimodal imaging of cartilage for osteoarthritis diagnosis.

Osteoarthritis (OA) is a complex disease of cartilage characterised by joint pain, functional limitation, and reduced quality of life with affected joint movement leading to pain and limited mobility. Current methods to diagnose OA are predominantly limited to X-ray, MRI and invasive joint fluid analysis, all of which lack chemical or molecular specificity and are limited to detection of the disease at later stages. A rapid minimally invasive and non-destructive approach to disease diagnosis is a critical unmet need.

Psychometric evaluation of the elderly mobility scale in Indonesia.

Background: The Elderly Mobility Scale (EMS) is widely used to identify mobility limitations in older adults, though it has not been validated in Indonesia.

Aim: To evaluate the reliability and validity of the Indonesian version of the EMS (EMS-I).

Method: A cross-sectional design involving 230 older adults in South Tangerang City, Indonesia, was used.

Environmental risk assessment of the surface sediments based on trace elements analysis from the largest freshwater lake in the southern slope of the Himalaya, Nepal.

Freshwater ecosystems, including high-altitude lakes, can be affected by trace metal pollution derived from a mix of natural sources and anthropogenic activities. These pollutants often collect in surface sediments, with notable concentrations in the deeper areas of lakes. To evaluate the environmental risk associated with metal contaminated sediment in Rara Lake, southern Himalaya, surface sediment samples were systematically collected in November 2018, with a subsequent specific emphasis on determinations of trace element concentrations.

Disparities in quality of life by race, gender, and sexual orientation: An intersectional analysis of population-representative data in Gauteng, South Africa.

Background: South Africa's history of apartheid has led to persistent inequalities. While progress has been made since 1994, disparities in quality of life (QoL) remain, particularly along racial lines. This study examines how race, gender, and sexual orientation intersect to influence QoL in Gauteng - South Africa's most populous and economically vibrant province.

AneRBC dataset: a benchmark dataset for computer-aided anemia diagnosis using RBC images.

Visual analysis of peripheral blood smear slides using medical image analysis is required to diagnose red blood cell (RBC) morphological deformities caused by anemia. The absence of a complete anaemic RBC dataset has hindered the training and testing of deep convolutional neural networks (CNNs) for computer-aided analysis of RBC morphology. We introduce a benchmark RBC image dataset named Anemic RBC (AneRBC) to overcome this problem.

Accelerated risk of renal disease progression in pre-ESRD patients with proton pump inhibitors use: a nationwide population-based study.

Background: Although Proton pump inhibitors (PPIs) were mostly prescribed for gastrointestinal (GI) disease widely, there were numerous studies about PPIs and adverse renal outcome. Most evidence was to evaluate the risk of PPIs in patients with normal renal function and in the absence of the moderate to advanced chronic kidney disease (CKD). This study focuses on the accelerated progression of renal function following proton pump inhibitors (PPIs) use, and the increased risks of acute kidney injury (AKI) among moderate to advanced CKD (pre-ESRD) patients.

Objective approach to diagnosing attention deficit hyperactivity disorder by using pixel subtraction and machine learning classification of outpatient consultation videos.

Background: Attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) is a common childhood neurodevelopmental disorder, affecting between 5% and 7% of school-age children. ADHD is typically characterized by persistent patterns of inattention or hyperactivity-impulsivity, and it is diagnosed on the basis of the criteria outlined in the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders, Fifth Edition, through subjective observations and information provided by parents and teachers. Diagnosing ADHD in children is challenging, despite several assessment tools, such as the Swanson, Nolan, and Pelham questionnaire, being widely available.

Simplifying Wheat Quality Assessment: Using Near-Infrared Spectroscopy and Analysis of Variance Simultaneous Component Analysis to Study Regional and Annual Effects.

Assessing the quality of wheat, one of humanity's most important crops, in a straightforward manner, is essential. In this study, analysis of variance (ANOVA) simultaneous component analysis (ASCA) paired with near-infrared spectroscopy (NIRS) was used as an easy-to-implement and environmentally friendly tool for this purpose. The capabilities of combining NIRS with ASCA were demonstrated by studying the effects of sampling site and year on the quality of 180 Austrian wheat samples across four sites over 3 years.

Generalized fractional optimization-based explainable lightweight CNN model for malaria disease classification.

Over the past few decades, machine learning and deep learning (DL) have incredibly influenced a broader range of scientific disciplines. DL-based strategies have displayed superior performance in image processing compared to conventional standard methods, especially in healthcare settings. Among the biggest threats to global public health is the fast spread of malaria.

Evaluating spatial effect of transportation planning factors on taxi CO emissions.

In recent years, the impact of transportation activities on carbon (CO) emissions has gained global attention. In China, the severity of CO emissions from transportation is a pressing issue, necessitating the development of effective emission reduction strategies. This study uses taxi GPS data from Xi'an, China, to explore the spatial patterns and influencing factors of CO2 emissions.

Towards a dynamic processual model of psychedelic microdosing.

Background: Existing research highlights an increase in psychedelic microdosing, particularly for therapeutic purposes and as a means for self-enhancement. However, we know little about the different routes into and out of microdosing, particularly by those who do not consume other illicit substances, and of the processes involved in the development, maintenance, and cessation of practices.

Methods: Drawing upon a trans-national interview-based study of 23 participants actively microdosing (n = 19), about to start (n = 3), or who were past users (n = 1), we develop a phased-based analysis of different user pathways.

Mapping and comparing the quality of life outcomes in childhood and adolescent and young adult cancer survivors: an umbrella review and future directions.

Background: A cancer diagnosis early in life can leave a legacy in terms of compromised Quality of Life (QoL). There is a lack of clarity regarding the impact on QoL according to age at diagnosis, with childhood cancer survivors (CCS) and adolescents and young adult cancer survivors (AYACS) often combined. As part of an EORTC Quality of Life Group study, this umbrella review aims to (1) identify the QoL outcomes reported in the literature for both CCS and AYACS, and (2) investigate the similarities and differences in QoL challenges between both groups.

EA-CNN: Enhanced attention-CNN with explainable AI for fruit and vegetable classification.

The quality of vegetables and fruits are judged by their visual features. Misclassification of fruits and vegetables lead to a financial loss. To prevent the loss, superstores need to classify fruits and vegetables in terms of size, color and shape.

Improving event prediction using general practitioner clinical judgement in a digital risk stratification model: a pilot study.

Background: Numerous tools based on electronic health record (EHR) data that predict risk of unscheduled care and mortality exist. These are often criticised due to lack of external validation, potential for low predictive ability and the use of thresholds that can lead to large numbers being escalated for assessment that would not have an adverse outcome leading to unsuccessful active case management. Evidence supports the importance of clinical judgement in risk prediction particularly when ruling out disease.

Differential prevalence of arsenic speciation in the kelps Laminaria digitata and L. hyperborea.

Large variability in highly toxic inorganic arsenic (iAs) has previously been reported for the kelp Laminaria digitata. This study aimed to compare iAs concentrations in two morphologically similar kelps species (L. digitata and L.

Evaluation of Treatment Outcomes Among Individuals on Highly Active Antiretroviral Therapy in KwaZulu-Natal, South Africa.

Despite access to antiretroviral therapy (ART), South Africa has a high human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) burden. Treatment outcomes among individuals on highly active ART (HAART) in KwaZulu-Natal, with a higher incidence of HIV, are not fully known. This study evaluated the impact of HAART outcomes and identified and analyzed the factors associated with the outcomes in people living with HIV and AIDS (PLWHA) in the high-incidence region of KwaZulu-Natal Province, South Africa.

Pulmonary embolism in children with mycoplasma pneumonia: can it be predicted?

Purpose: To investigate the clinical characteristics of Mycoplasma pneumoniae (MP) pneumonia (MPP) combined with pulmonary embolism (PE) in children.

Methods: 291 hospitalized pediatric cases with MPP were enrolled from January 2018 to May 2024 and divided into the PE group (141 cases) and non-PE control group (150 cases). Clinical data of both groups were analyzed and compared.

Deep learning model for diagnosis of venous thrombosis from lower extremity peripheral ultrasound imaging.

Deep vein thrombosis (DVT) causes significant healthcare burdens worldwide. This study aims to establish a deep learning model for the diagnosis of DVT from the assessment of vein compressibility. Considering the complexity of ultrasound images, convolutional neural networks with UNet and residual neural network (ResNet) are established for image segmentation, from venous duplex ultrasonographic video images, obtained through standard and portable handheld ultrasound methods.