Selecting a smartwatch for trials involving older adults with neurodegenerative diseases: A researcher's framework to avoid hidden pitfalls.

Background: Increased prevalence of neurodegenerative diseases complicates care needs for older adults. Sensing technologies, such as smartwatches, are one available solution which can help address the challenges of aging. Knowledge of the possibilities and pitfalls of these sensing technologies is of key importance to researchers when choosing a device for a trial and considering the sustainability of these technologies in real-world settings.

Silicone Composites with Electrically Oriented Boron Nitride Platelets and Carbon Microfibers for Thermal Management of Electronics.

This study investigated silicone composites with distributed boron nitride platelets and carbon microfibers that are oriented electrically. The process involved homogenizing and dispersing nano/microparticles in the liquid polymer, aligning the particles with DC and AC electric fields, and curing the composite with IR radiation to trap particles within chains. This innovative concept utilized two fields to align particles, improving the even distribution of carbon microfibers among BN in the chains.

Antibacterial Properties of PMMA/ZnO(NanoAg) Coatings for Dental Implant Abutments.

Infections continue to pose significant challenges in dentistry, necessitating the development of innovative solutions that can effectively address these issues. This study focuses on creating coatings made from polymethyl methacrylate (PMMA) enriched with zinc oxide-silver composite nanoparticles, layered to Ti6Al4V-titanium alloy substrates. The application of these materials aims to create a solution for the abutments utilized in complete dental implant systems, representing the area most susceptible to bacterial infections.

ZnSnO@SiO@5-FU Nanoparticles as an Additive for Maxillary Bone Defects.

This study investigates the synthesis of ZnSnO@SiO@5-FU nanoparticles as an additive for bone fillers in dental maxillofacial reconstruction. ZnSnO nanoparticles were synthesized and coated with a SiO shell, followed by the incorporation of 5-Fluorouracil (5-FU), aimed at enhancing the therapeutic properties of classical fillers. Structural analysis using X-ray diffraction confirmed that ZnSnO was the single crystalline phase present, with its crystallinity preserved after both SiO coating and 5-FU incorporation.

The Interplay Between High Cumulative Doses of Radioactive Iodine and Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus: A Complex Cardiovascular Challenge.

Starting from the metabolic profile of type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM), we hypothesized that the mechanisms of ¹³¹I-induced cardiotoxicity differ between patients diagnosed with differentiated thyroid cancer (DTC) with/without T2DM, with metformin potentially acting as a cardioprotective agent by mitigating inflammation in patients with T2DM. To address this hypothesis, we quantified, using ELISA, the serum concentration of several key biomarkers that reflect cardiac injury (NT-proBNP, NT-proANP, ST2/IL-33R, and cTn I) in 74 female patients with DTC/-T2DM and 25 with DTC/+T2DM treated with metformin. All patients received a cumulative oral dose of I exceeding 150 mCi (5.

Natural and Synthetic Flavylium Derivatives: Isolation/Synthesis, Characterization and Application.

Given the natural origins of flavylium derivatives, their chemical modifications, and their large potential uses in food, medicine, or green chemistry, the present review is a comprehensive study of flavylium-derived compounds. Several topics such as the green extraction and isolation techniques of flavylium derivatives including their chemical modifications and various characterization tools such as NMR, HPLC, and mass spectrometry are discussed in the review. Furthermore, the use of these derivatives in medicine, food, and materials science is presented, highlighting their relevance and the need for further investigation.

Experimental analysis of genetic algorithm-enhanced PI controller for power optimization in multi-rotor variable-speed wind turbine systems.

The direct power control (DPC) algorithm is one of the most popular linear techniques used to implement notable controllers, known for their simplicity and fast dynamic response. However, this approach has drawbacks that cause a decrease in the current quality and disturbances in the network. Therefore, this experimental work presents a simple and efficient solution that uses a proportional-integral regulator based on a genetic algorithm to regulate the power quality.

Host-Guest Complexation of Olmesartan Medoxomil by Heptakis(2,6-di-O-methyl)-β-cyclodextrin: Compatibility Study with Excipients.

Olmesartan medoxomil (OLM) is the prodrug of olmesartan, an angiotensin II type 1 receptor blocker that has antihypertensive and antioxidant activities and renal protective properties. It exhibits low water solubility, which leads to poor bioavailability and limits its clinical potential. To improve the solubility of OLM, a host-guest inclusion complex (IC) between heptakis(2,6-di-O-methyl)-β-cyclodextrin (DMβCD) and the drug substance was obtained.

Novel Nanocomposites and Biopolymer-Based Nanocomposites for Hexavalent Chromium Removal from Aqueous Media.

Designing new engineered materials derived from waste is essential for effective environmental remediation and reducing anthropogenic pollution in our economy. This study introduces an innovative method for remediating metal-contaminated water, using two distinct waste types: one biowaste (eggshell) and one industrial waste (fly ash). We synthesized three novel, cost-effective nanoadsorbent types, including two new tertiary composites and two biopolymer-based composites (specifically k-carrageenan and chitosan), which targeted chromium removal from aqueous solutions.

Investigations on the synthesis and characterization of silver-doped MoO thin films for photocatalytic applications.

In this study, we aimed to enhance the photocatalytic performance of molybdenum oxide (MoO) thin films by doping with silver (Ag) via a spray pyrolysis technique. The primary objective for silver incorporation was intended to introduce additional energy levels into the band structure of MoO, improving its efficiency. Structural, optical, and photocatalytic properties were analyzed using X-ray diffraction (XRD) and optical spectroscopy.

Antisense oligonucleotides-based approaches for the treatment of multiple myeloma.

Multiple myeloma (MM), a hematological malignancy which affects the monoclonal plasma cells in the bone marrow, is in rising incidence around the world, accounting for approximately 2 % of newly diagnosed cancer cases in the US, Australia, and Western Europe. Despite the progress made in the last few years in the available therapeutic options (e.g.

Digital phenotyping from heart rate dynamics: Identification of zero-poles models with data-driven evolutionary learning.

Heart rate response to physical activity is widely investigated in clinical and training practice, as it provides information on a person's physical state. For emerging digital phenotyping approaches, there is a need for individualized model estimation. In this study, we propose a zero-poles model and a data-driven evolutionary learning method for identification.

Recycling Lithium-Ion Batteries-Technologies, Environmental, Human Health, and Economic Issues-Mini-Systematic Literature Review.

Global concerns about pollution reduction, associated with the continuous technological development of electronic equipment raises challenge for the future regarding lithium-ion batteries exploitation, use, and recovery through recycling of critical metals. Several human and environmental issues are reported, including related diseases caused by lithium waste. Lithium in Li-ion batteries can be recovered through various methods to prevent environmental contamination, and Li can be reused as a recyclable resource.

Developing a Digital Tool to Calculate Protein Quality in Plant-Based Meals of Older Adults: User Engagement Design Approach With End Users.

Background: The global shift toward plant-based diets has been increasing, with more people making the transition for various reasons. In vulnerable subgroups such as older adults, the transition to plant-based diets deserves attention due to the potentially detrimental consequences of lower protein quantity and quality.

Objective: We aimed to develop a digital tool that ensures adequate protein quality in plant-based meals for older adults experiencing low protein intake through an interdisciplinary collaboration and user engagement with potential end users.

Optimizing Suitable Mechanical Properties for a Biocompatible Beta-Titanium Alloy by Combining Plastic Deformation with Solution Treatment.

The microstructural and mechanical features were investigated for the alloy Ti-36.5Nb-4.5Zr-3Ta-0.

Synthesis and Characterization of Acrylic Resin/Kaolin Composites for Dielectric Applications.

This study investigates the synthesis and characterization of acrylic resin/kaolin composites for dielectric applications. Acrylic resin, while widely used for its mechanical strength and ease of processing, exhibits limited dielectric properties, which restrict its use in high-performance electrical insulation. To address this, varying concentrations (0-70%) of raw kaolin, containing 71% kaolinite, were incorporated into an acrylic resin matrix to enhance its dielectric strength and thermal stability.

Thermooxidation of Four Sartans: Kinetic Analysis Based on Thermo-Gravimetric Data.

Angiotensin II receptor antagonists are tetrazole derivatives used in the treatment of high blood pressure, and are also indicated for the treatment of heart failure (NYHA class II-IV). They are used alone or in combination with other classes of antihypertensives or diuretics for the effective management of high blood pressure. In this study, we aim to evaluate the thermal stability and degradation kinetics for the principal compounds used in therapy from this class, namely telmisartan, valsartan, olmesartan medoxomil, and losartan potassium.

Rosuvastatin Attenuates Vascular Dysfunction Induced by High-Fructose Diets and Allergic Asthma in Rats.

Background: A growing body of evidence links a high-fructose diet (HFrD) to metabolic disturbances, including inflammation, dyslipidemia, insulin resistance and also endothelial dysfunction, yet its role in allergic asthma remains underexplored. Considering that obesity and hypercholesterolemia exacerbate asthma by promoting systemic inflammation, investigating interventions with dual metabolic and anti-inflammatory effects is essential. This study aimed to evaluate the potential modulatory effects of rosuvastatin in ameliorating the effects of HFrD-induced metabolic and vascular dysfunction in the context of allergic asthma.

Hybrid quantum search with genetic algorithm optimization.

Quantum genetic algorithms (QGA) integrate genetic programming and quantum computing to address search and optimization problems. The standard strategy of the hybrid QGA approach is to add quantum resources to classical genetic algorithms (GA), thus improving their efficacy (, quantum optimization of a classical algorithm). However, the extent of such improvements is still unclear.

Enhancing orthopaedic implant efficacy: the development of cerium-doped bioactive glass and polyvinylpyrrolidone composite coatings via MAPLE technique.

This study investigates the potential of combining Cerium-doped bioactive glass (BBGi) with Polyvinylpyrrolidone (PVP) to enhance the properties of titanium (Ti) implant surfaces using the Matrix-Assisted Pulsed Laser Evaporation (MAPLE) technique. The primary focus is on improving osseointegration, corrosion resistance, and evaluating the cytotoxicity of the developed thin films towards host cells. The innovative approach involves synthesizing a composite thin film comprising BBGi and PVP, leveraging the distinct benefits of both materials: BBGi's biocompatibility and osteoinductive capabilities, and PVP's film-forming and biocompatible properties.

Marine Resources Gels as Main Ingredient for Wound Healing Biomaterials: Obtaining and Characterization.

The skin, known as the largest organ of the body, is essential for maintaining physiological balance and acts as a barrier against the external environment. When skin becomes damaged and wounds appear on the skin's surface, a complex healing process, involving multiple types of cells and microenvironments, take place. Selecting a suitable dressing for a wound is crucial for accelerating healing, reducing treatment costs, and improving the patient's overall health.

AI-Assisted Application for Pediatric Drug Dosing.

Technology in the medical field is continuously advancing due to its numerous subdomains and the ever-growing medical needs of people. Information systems have become integral to doctors' daily routines in patient care, offering flexibility and support in repetitive tasks, thereby allowing more time for critical activities. This paper presents the implementation of a machine learning algorithm, leveraging natural language processing (NLP) and labeling techniques, to analyze medical leaflets from Romania.

Macro vs Micro Skin Imaging: Finding an Affordable Approach for Dermatological Care Access in Rural/Remote Areas.

The present study explored alternative methods for photographing skin lesions in the absence of specialized instruments like dermatoscopes, aiming to enhance remote diagnostic capabilities, particularly in light of the increasing incidence of melanoma cases annually. Using two lenses attached to a smartphone camera, one macroscopic and the other microscopic, study images of nevus formations from one individual were captured, and, in the absence of a collaboration with a dermatologist, subsequently labeled as melanoma or non-melanoma using a Convolutional Neural Network (CNN) which was trained, with dermoscopic images of melanoma and non-melanoma formations, to see on which image set better performances would be attained. The CNN demonstrated better performance on microscopic images, with 75% of the dataset being labeled correctly, compared to the macroscopic one, with 63% of the dataset being labeled correctly.

ML-Based Framework to Predict the Severity of the Symptomatology in Patients with Post-Acute COVID-19 Syndrome.

The paper describes a cohort of patients with post-acute COVID-19 syndrome, evaluated for the first time between week 3 and week 12 from the onset of symptoms following the acute COVID-19 infection. The patient's baseline clinical features were used as predictors. The analysis showed that older patients with comorbidities are at higher risk of developing more long-lasting post COVID-19 symptoms.

Digital Twin Types and Applications in Healthcare.

Digital Twins, represents an innovative approach consisting of real-time digital replicas of physical entities. This innovative concept has already many applications in Industry, automotive, business environment and is also transforming the healthcare industry. Digital Twins have the potential to provide comprehensive models of individual patients, hospital facilities, and medical processes, integrating data from various sources such as electronic health records, wearable devices, and imaging systems.