Dilute nanocomposites for capacitive energy storage: progress, challenges and prospects.

Electrostatic capacitors (ECs) are critical components in advanced electronics and electric power systems due to their rapid charge-discharge rate and high power density. While polymers are ideal for ECs due to their high voltage tolerance and mechanical flexibility, their low dielectric constants () and limited energy density remain significant limitations. Traditional polymer nanocomposites, which incorporate high- ceramic fillers, have shown promise in enhancing dielectric properties but often at the cost of electric breakdown strength and scalability.