Cross-modal contrastive learning for unified placenta analysis using photographs.

The placenta is vital to maternal and child health but often overlooked in pregnancy studies. Addressing the need for a more accessible and cost-effective method of placental assessment, our study introduces a computational tool designed for the analysis of placental photographs. Leveraging images and pathology reports collected from sites in the United States and Uganda over a 12-year period, we developed a cross-modal contrastive learning algorithm consisting of pre-alignment, distillation, and retrieval modules.

Translation of a longitudinal survey of veterans' well-being into action by a research-practice-policy partnership.

Introduction: Research-practice-policy partnerships are shifting the academic research paradigm toward collaboration and research-informed action at community and policy levels. In this case study, researchers partnered with philanthropic foundations to actualize data findings from a rigorous, longitudinal study.

Context: In 2016, a survey of post-9/11 military veterans began assessing veterans' well-being in key domains: health, vocation (education and employment), finances, and social relationships.

Persistence of Ancestral KhoeSan Mitochondrial Patterns in Contemporary South African Populations.

Introduction: Southern Africa has been inhabited by hunter-gatherers for at least 20,000 years and has received diverse immigration flows in the last 2000 years. The original inhabitants have interacted with the pastoralist migrants from Eastern Africa (∼2000 ybp), followed by the southern Bantu migration arriving some 1000 ybp, and more recently with the European and Asian settlers after the 17th century. Many of the original Khoekhoe and San inhabitants have either become extinct or have disappeared through admixture in South Africa (SA), in a sex-biased manner involving KhoeSan women.

Sociobiology meets oncology: unraveling altruistic cooperation in cancer cells and its implications.

Altruism, an act of benefiting others at a cost to the self, challenges our understanding of evolution. This Perspective delves into the importance of altruism in cancer cells and its implications for therapy. Against the backdrop of existing knowledge on various social organisms found in nature, we explore the mechanisms underlying the manifestation of altruism within breast tumors, revealing a complex interplay of seemingly counteracting cancer signaling pathways and processes that orchestrate the delicate balance between cost and benefit underlying altruistic cooperation.

Mediating role of exercise in the relationship between body dissatisfaction and overeating using structural equation modeling.

Background: With the rapid development of society, teenagers have more access to individuals with perfect bodies and are becoming more concerned about their body image. Currently, few studies assess body image and eating disorders comprehensively in China. Given the seriousness of these issues, there is an urgent need to understand the current state of body image and eating behaviors among Chinese people and formulate preventive strategies.

Hidden domain boundary dynamics toward crystalline perfection.

A central paradigm of nonequilibrium physics concerns the dynamics of heterogeneity and disorder, impacting processes ranging from the behavior of glasses to the emergent functionality of active matter. Understanding these complex mesoscopic systems requires probing the microscopic trajectories associated with irreversible processes, the role of fluctuations and entropy growth, and the timescales on which nonequilibrium responses are ultimately maintained. Approaches that illuminate these processes in model systems may enable a more general understanding of other heterogeneous nonequilibrium phenomena, and potentially define ultimate speed and energy cost limits for information processing technologies.

Teletraining to Teach Communication Partners to Support Students With Multiple Disabilities Including Cortical Visual Impairment and Emerging Symbolic Communication in Communicating Choices.

Purpose: The purpose of the current study was to investigate the impact of a teletraining to teach adult communication partners the "Communicating Choices-Cortical Visual Impairment (CVI)" strategy to support participation for students with multiple disabilities.

Method: A nonconcurrent, multiple-probe, across-participants design was implemented with four adult communication partner (i.e.

Genetic and biochemical characterization of a radical SAM enzyme required for post-translational glutamine methylation of methyl-coenzyme M reductase.

Methyl-coenzyme M reductase (MCR), the key catalyst in the anoxic production and consumption of methane, contains an unusual 2-methylglutamine residue within its active site. data show that a B12-dependent radical SAM (rSAM) enzyme, designated MgmA, is responsible for this post-translational modification (PTM). Here, we show that two different MgmA homologs are able to methylate MCR when expressed in , an organism that does not normally possess this PTM.

Thermoelectric Energy Harvesting for Exhaust Waste Heat Recovery: A System Design.

Thermal energy harvesting for high-speed moving objects is particularly promising in providing an efficient and sustainable energy source to enhance operational capabilities and endurance. Thermoelectric (TE) technology, by exploiting temperature gradients between a heat source and ambient temperature, can provide a continuous power supply to such systems, reducing the reliance on conventional batteries and extending operation times. However, the integrated thermoelectric generator (TEG) system design research is far behind materials development.

Nanomedicines for Pulmonary Drug Delivery: Overcoming Barriers in the Treatment of Respiratory Infections and Lung Cancer.

The pulmonary route for drug administration has garnered a great deal of attention in therapeutics for treating respiratory disorders. It allows for the delivery of drugs directly to the lungs and, consequently, the maintenance of high concentrations at the action site and a reduction in systemic adverse effects compared to other routes, such as oral or intravenous. Nevertheless, the pulmonary administration of drugs is challenging, as the respiratory system tries to eliminate inhaled particles, being the main responsible mucociliary escalator.

Transcriptome Analysis Unveils Molecular Mechanisms of Acaricide Resistance in Two-Spotted Spider Mite Populations on Hops.

Broad-spectrum crop protection technologies, such as abamectin and bifenthrin, are globally relied upon to curb the existential threats from economic crop pests such as the generalist herbivore Koch (TSSM). However, the rising cost of discovering and registering new acaricides, particularly for specialty crops, along with the increasing risk of pesticide resistance development, underscores the urgent need to preserve the efficacy of currently registered acaricides. This study examined the overall genetic mechanism underlying adaptation to abamectin and bifenthrin in populations from commercial hop fields in the Pacific Northwestern region of the USA.

Networks of Negativity: Gaining Attention Through Cyberbullying.

Cyberbullying entails multiple, problematic consequences for its victims. However, little is known about the factors that influence the dispersion of these damaging messages. Drawing on theories of social interaction, we argue that perpetrators disseminate messages containing sexist and racist slurs that reinforce stereotypical, social norms to enhance their online visibility.

Effectiveness of a Mindfulness-Based Professional Development Program for Primary School Teachers in the Czech Republic: A Quasi-Experimental Study.

Background: Research has shown that 20% of Czech teachers suffer with burnout symptoms and 65% are at risk of burning out, which suggests that it is essential to continue addressing the issue of stress in Czech teachers. The main objective of this study was to evaluate a self-compassion and mindfulness-based professional development program for primary school teachers in the Czech Republic.

Methods: Five schools were recruited, two as intervention schools ( of teachers = 47) and three as controls ( of teachers = 57).

Urban and Rural Differences in the Efficacy of a Mobile Health Depression Treatment for Young Adults.

Depression among young adults represents a growing health problem in the U.S., but access to effective treatment remains a challenge.

Identifying the Black Country's Top Mental Health Research Priorities Using a Collaborative Workshop Approach: Community Connexions.

The Black Country (BC) is an area of the United Kingdom covering Dudley, Sandwell, Walsall, and Wolverhampton. The area is ethnically, culturally and religiously diverse. One-fifth of the total population is in the lowest socioeconomic quintile, with an uneven distribution of wealth.

Surveillance of Highly Pathogenic Avian Influenza Virus in Wild Canids from Pennsylvania, USA.

The avian influenza virus is a global pathogen with significant health and economic implications. While primarily a pathogen of wild and domestic birds, recent outbreaks of the H5N1 highly pathogenic avian influenza virus (HPAIV) clade 2.3.

E-cigarette, tobacco, and cannabis vaping among diverse sexual and gender identities in U.S. high school students.

Objectives: This study investigated the associations between diverse sexual and gender identities and adolescent use of e-cigarettes, tobacco products, and cannabis vaping.

Study Design: Cross-sectional study.

Methods: Data were collected from a nationally representative sample of high school students in 2023.

Metabolite profiling of Artemisia afra and Artemisia annua extracts reveals divergent effects on Plasmodium falciparum.

Background: Artemisia spp. have been used for millennia in traditional medicine to treat a variety of ailments, including malaria. Extracts of Artemisia afra and A.

Sex differences in dorsal striatal volume and interest in quitting smoking.

Aims: Over the recent decades, smoking among women has become an increasingly pressing public health challenge. Mounting evidence suggests that, compared to men, women's smoking is more strongly influenced by habitual responses to sensorimotor cues. To understand the brain mechanisms underlying the cessation challenges commonly reported by women who smoke, the present study used voxel-based morphometry (VBM) to investigate sex-related volumetric differences in the dorsal striatum, a region implicated in habitual substance use behavior, and their associations with self-reported quit interest among daily smoking adults.

Anchorage Accurately Assembles Anchor-Flanked Synthetic Long Reads.

Modern sequencing technologies allow for the addition of short-sequence tags, known as anchors, to both ends of a captured molecule. Anchors are useful in assembling the full-length sequence of a captured molecule as they can be used to accurately determine the endpoints. One representative of such anchor-enabled technology is LoopSeq Solo, a synthetic long read (SLR) sequencing protocol.

Association between glucagon-like peptide-1 receptor agonists use and change in alcohol consumption: a systematic review.

Background: Despite the availability of various pharmacological and behavioural interventions, alcohol-related mortality is rising. This systematic review aimed to critically evaluate the existing literature on the association between glucagon-like peptide-1 receptor agonists use (GLP-1 RAs) and alcohol consumption.

Methods: Electronic searches were conducted on Ovid Medline, EMBASE, PsycINFO, clintrials.

Ni-Catalyzed Regioselective Alkylarylation of Unactivated Alkenes in Amines Enabled by Cooperative Ligand Effects of Nitriles and Electron-Deficient Alkenes.

We report a Ni-catalyzed vicinal alkylarylation of unactivated alkenes in γ,δ- and δ,ε-alkenylamines with aryl halides and alkylzinc reagents. The reaction is enabled by amine coordination and can use all primary, secondary, and tertiary amines. The reaction constructs two new C(sp)-C(sp) and C(sp)-C(sp) bonds and produces δ- and ε-arylamines with C(sp)-branching at the γ- and δ-positions.

Overcoming the conversion reaction limitation at three-phase interfaces using mixed conductors towards energy-dense solid-state Li-S batteries.

Lithium-sulfur (Li-S) all-solid-state batteries (ASSBs) hold great promise for next-generation safe, durable and energy-dense battery technology. However, solid-state sulfur conversion reactions are kinetically sluggish and primarily constrained to the restricted three-phase boundary area of sulfur, carbon and solid electrolytes, making it challenging to achieve high sulfur utilization. Here we develop and implement mixed ionic-electronic conductors (MIECs) in sulfur cathodes to replace conventional solid electrolytes and invoke conversion reactions at sulfur-MIEC interfaces in addition to traditional three-phase boundaries.

Clinical Utility and Performance of the Traditional Chinese Version of the 4-As Test for Delirium Due to Traumatic Brain Injury.

Background: Delirium is a common symptom following a traumatic brain injury (TBI) that is often overlooked by healthcare professionals. Early detection of post-traumatic delirium is crucial to improving patient outcomes and quality of life. The four As Test (4AT: alertness, attention, abbreviated mental test-4, and acute mental changes) is a brief and rapid tool for delirium assessment with acceptable reliability and validity.