Distinct Waves from the Hemogenic Endothelium Give Rise to Layered Lymphoid Tissue Inducer Cell Ontogeny.

During embryogenesis, lymphoid tissue inducer (LTi) cells are essential for lymph node organogenesis. These cells are part of the innate lymphoid cell (ILC) family. Although their earliest embryonic hematopoietic origin is unclear, other innate immune cells have been shown to be derived from early hemogenic endothelium in the yolk sac as well as the aorta-gonad-mesonephros.

Clinical features and evolution of bacterial infection-related acute-on-chronic liver failure.

Background & Aims: Bacterial infections can trigger the development of organ failure(s) and acute-on-chronic liver failure (ACLF). Geographic variations in bacteriology and clinical practice could lead to worldwide differences in ACLF epidemiology, phenotypes and associated outcomes. Herein, we aimed to evaluate regional differences in bacterial infection-related ACLF in patients with cirrhosis admitted to hospital.

A novel deep intronic variant in ATP7B in five unrelated families affected by Wilson disease.

Background: Wilson disease is an autosomal recessive metabolic disorder resulting from accumulation of excess copper especially in the liver and brain. This disease is mainly characterized by hepatic disorders and less frequently by neuro-psychiatric disturbances. This recessive disease is due to mutation in ATP7B, which codes for an ATPase involved in copper-transport across the plasma membrane.

In childhood mature B-NHL with CNS disease, patients with blasts in cerebrospinal fluid are at higher risk of failure.

To identify the factors influencing outcome in childhood mature B-cell non-Hodgkin lymphoma and acute leukemia (B-NHL/AL) with central nervous system (CNS) disease (CNS+), we analyzed patients <18 years with newly diagnosed B-NHL/AL registered in 3 Lymphomes Malins B studies in France between 1989 to 2011. CNS+ was diagnosed on fulfillment of ≥1 of the following criteria: any L3 cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) blasts (CSF+), cranial nerve palsy, isolated intracerebral mass but also clinical spinal cord compression, and cranial or spinal parameningeal extension. Two hundred seventeen out of 1690 patients (12.

A Time-Dependent Propensity Score Matching Approach to Assess Epinephrine Use on Patients Survival Within Out-of-Hospital Cardiac Arrest Care.

Background: Epinephrine effectiveness and safety are still questioned. It is well known that the effect of epinephrine varies depending on patients' rhythm and time to injection.

Objective: We aimed to assess the association between epinephrine use during out-of-hospital cardiac arrest (OHCA) care and patient 30-day (D30) survival.

Patterns of autism symptoms: hidden structure in the ADOS and ADI-R instruments.

We simultaneously revisited the Autism Diagnostic Interview-Revised (ADI-R) and Autism Diagnostic Observation Schedule (ADOS) with a comprehensive data-analytics strategy. Here, the combination of pattern-analysis algorithms and extensive data resources (n = 266 patients aged 7-49 years) allowed identifying coherent clinical constellations in and across ADI-R and ADOS assessments widespread in clinical practice. Our clustering approach revealed low- and high-severity patient groups, as well as a group scoring high only in the ADI-R domains, providing quantitative contours for the widely assumed autism subtypes.

Developmental population pharmacokinetics of caffeine in Chinese premature infants with apnoea of prematurity: A post-marketing study to support paediatric labelling in China.

Aims: The aim of the study was to evaluate the suitability of the current caffeine dosing regimen for the Chinese population using modelling and simulation approach.

Methods: Pharmacokinetic samples were collected from 99 Chinese newborns with premature apnoea. The median (range) of gestational age and postmenstrual age were 28.

A Phase Ib/II Study of the BRAF Inhibitor Encorafenib Plus the MEK Inhibitor Binimetinib in Patients with -mutant Solid Tumors.

Purpose: This open-label, dose-finding phase Ib/II study reports the safety and activity of the first combination use with BRAF inhibitor (BRAFi) encorafenib plus MEK inhibitor (MEKi) binimetinib in patients with V600E-mutant solid tumors.

Patients And Methods: In phase I, the recommended phase 2 doses (RP2D) were established (primary objective). In phase II, the clinical activity of the combination at the RP2D was assessed (primary objective) in patients with -mutant metastatic colorectal cancer (mCRC), BRAFi-treated -mutant melanoma, and BRAFi-naïve BRAF-mutant melanoma.

Radiographic and chest CT imaging presentation and follow-up of COVID-19 pneumonia: a multicenter experience from an endemic area.

COVID-19 has infected more than 2 million people in the world in less than 5 months outbreak. Chest imaging is recommended for triage of suspected cases of COVID-19 with moderate-severe clinical features and high pre-test probability of disease, and may help for patient follow-up and to identify patients at higher risk of disease worsening. This pictorial essay illustrates typical and uncommon imaging findings of COVID-19 pneumonia and the role of imaging for patient management.

Treatment of nontuberculous mycobacterial pulmonary disease: an official ATS/ERS/ESCMID/IDSA clinical practice guideline.

Nontuberculous mycobacteria (NTM) represent over 190 species and subspecies, some of which can produce disease in humans of all ages and can affect both pulmonary and extrapulmonary sites. This guideline focuses on pulmonary disease in adults (without cystic fibrosis or human immunodeficiency virus infection) caused by the most common NTM pathogens such as complex, , and among the slowly growing NTM and among the rapidly growing NTM. A panel of experts was carefully selected by leading international respiratory medicine and infectious diseases societies (ATS, ERS, ESCMID, IDSA) and included specialists in pulmonary medicine, infectious diseases and clinical microbiology, laboratory medicine, and patient advocacy.

Metabolic and psychiatric effects of acyl coenzyme A binding protein (ACBP)/diazepam binding inhibitor (DBI).

Acyl coenzyme A binding protein (ACBP), also known as diazepam binding inhibitor (DBI) is a multifunctional protein with an intracellular action (as ACBP), as well as with an extracellular role (as DBI). The plasma levels of soluble ACBP/DBI are elevated in human obesity and reduced in anorexia nervosa. Accumulating evidence indicates that genetic or antibody-mediated neutralization of ACBP/DBI has anorexigenic effects, thus inhibiting food intake and inducing lipo-catabolic reactions in mice.

Treatment of Nontuberculous Mycobacterial Pulmonary Disease: An Official ATS/ERS/ESCMID/IDSA Clinical Practice Guideline.

Nontuberculous mycobacteria (NTM) represent over 190 species and subspecies, some of which can produce disease in humans of all ages and can affect both pulmonary and extrapulmonary sites. This guideline focuses on pulmonary disease in adults (without cystic fibrosis or human immunodeficiency virus infection) caused by the most common NTM pathogens such as Mycobacterium avium complex, Mycobacterium kansasii, and Mycobacterium xenopi among the slowly growing NTM and Mycobacterium abscessus among the rapidly growing NTM. A panel of experts was carefully selected by leading international respiratory medicine and infectious diseases societies (ATS, ERS, ESCMID, IDSA) and included specialists in pulmonary medicine, infectious diseases and clinical microbiology, laboratory medicine, and patient advocacy.

Is heart failure misdiagnosed in hospitalized patients with preserved ejection fraction? From the European Society of Cardiology - Heart Failure Association EURObservational Research Programme Heart Failure Long-Term Registry.

Aims: In hospitalized patients with a clinical diagnosis of acute heart failure (HF) with preserved ejection fraction (HFpEF), the aims of this study were (i) to assess the proportion meeting the 2016 European Society of Cardiology (ESC) HFpEF criteria and (ii) to compare patients with restrictive/pseudonormal mitral inflow pattern (MIP) vs. patients with MIP other than restrictive/pseudonormal.

Methods And Results: We included hospitalized participants of the ESC-Heart Failure Association (HFA) EURObservational Research Programme (EORP) HF Long-Term Registry who had echocardiogram with ejection fraction (EF) ≥ 50% during index hospitalization.

Long-term efficacy of immunoglobulins in small fiber neuropathy related to Sjögren's syndrome.

The most common peripheral nervous system manifestations in Sjogren's syndrome are small fiber sensory neuropathies (SFPN) and axonal sensorimotor polyneuropathies. Currently, treatment in small fiber neuropathy is mainly symptomatic and based on anti-depressors and anti-epileptics. The benefit of treatment with polyvalent immunoglobulins for SFPN has been reported in small series of patients, although transient in several cases.

Response to beta-blockers and natriuretic peptide level in acute heart failure: analysis of data from the Korean acute heart failure registry.

Background: To investigate the effect of beta-blockers according to NP levels and HF phenotypes because natriuretic peptide (NP) level can be used to risk-stratify HF patients regardless of left ventricular ejection fraction (LVEF).

Methods: Of 5,625 patients in the Korean acute heart failure registry, we included patients with LVEF and NP levels. HF phenotypes were defined as HF with reduced ejection fraction (HFrEF) (EF ≤ 40%), HF with midrange ejection fraction (HFmrEF) (40% < EF < 50%), and HF with preserved EF (HFpEF) (EF ≥ 50%).

Population pharmacokinetics and dose optimization of ceftriaxone for children with community-acquired pneumonia.

Purpose: To assess ceftriaxone population pharmacokinetics in a large pediatric population and describe the proper dose for establishing an optimized antibiotic regimen.

Methods: From pediatric patients using ceftriaxone, blood samples were obtained and the concentration was measured using high-performance liquid chromatography ultraviolet detection. The NONMEM software program was used for population pharmacokinetic analysis, for which data from 99 pediatric patients (2 to 12 years old) was collected and 175 blood concentrations were obtained.

Microbiota stimulation generates LCMV-specific memory CD8 T cells in SPF mice and determines their TCR repertoire during LCMV infection.

Both mouse and human harbour memory phenotype CD8 T cells specific for antigens in hosts that have not been previously exposed to these antigens. The origin and the nature of the stimuli responsible for generation of CD44 CD8 T cells in specific pathogen-free (SPF) mice remain controversial. It is known that microbiota plays a crucial role in the prevention and resolution of systemic infections by influencing myelopoiesis, regulating dendritic cells, inflammasome activation and promoting the production of type I and II interferons.

Factors Associated with Tumor Progression After Percutaneous Ablation of Hepatocellular Carcinoma: Comparison Between Monopolar Radiofrequency and Microwaves. Results of a Propensity Score Matching Analysis.

Purpose: To identify risk factors for local and distant intrahepatic tumor progression after percutaneous ablation of HCC and to compare MWA with monopolar RFA.

Materials And Methods: Consecutive patients with early or very early HCC who underwent percutaneous monopolar RFA or MWA were included. Factors associated with local and distant tumor progression were identified.

Low serum DHEA-S is associated with impaired lung function in women.

Background: Emerging evidence suggests that androgens and estrogens have a role in respiratory health, but it is largely unknown whether levels of these hormones can affect lung function in adults from the general population. This study investigated whether serum dehydroepiandrosterone sulfate (DHEA-S), a key precursor of both androgens and estrogens in peripheral tissues, was related to lung function in adult women participating in the European Community Respiratory Health Survey (ECRHS).

Methods: Lung function and serum DHEA-S concentrations were measured in  = 2,045 and  = 1,725 women in 1999-2002 and in 2010-2013, respectively.

Inhibition of Patched Drug Efflux Increases Vemurafenib Effectiveness against Resistant Braf Melanoma.

Melanoma patients harboring the BRAF mutation are treated with vemurafenib. Almost all of them ultimately acquire resistance, leading to disease progression. Here, we find that a small molecule from a marine sponge, panicein A hydroquinone (PAH), overcomes resistance of BRAF melanoma cells to vemurafenib, leading to tumor elimination in corresponding human xenograft models in mice.

Phenotyping Heart Failure According to the Longitudinal Ejection Fraction Change: Myocardial Strain, Predictors, and Outcomes.

Background Many patients with heart failure (HF) experience changes in left ventricular ejection fraction (LVEF) during follow-up. We sought to evaluate the predictors and outcomes of different HF phenotypes according to longitudinal changes in EF. Methods and Results A total of 2104 patients with acute HF underwent echocardiography at baseline and follow-up.

The PPAR α/γ Agonist Saroglitazar Improves Insulin Resistance and Steatohepatitis in a Diet Induced Animal Model of Nonalcoholic Fatty Liver Disease.

Insulin resistance and hepatic lipid accumulation constitute the metabolic underpinning of nonalcoholic steatohepatitis (NASH). We tested the hypothesis that saroglitazar, a PPAR α/γ agonist would improve NASH in the diet-induced animal model of NAFLD. Mice received chow diet and normal water (CDNW) or high fat western diet and ad lib sugar water (WDSW).

Predictive value of mixed antigen screen beads in pre-transplant assessment of HLA immunization in solid organ transplant recipients.

Pre-transplant serum screening of anti-HLA antibodies is recommended for solid organ transplantations. Many laboratories use the less expensive bead-based screening assay as the main technique and, if positive, turn to single-antigen beads (SAB). We studied the correlations between these two immunoassays.

Correction to: Clinical Practice Guidelines for Childbearing Female Candidates for Bariatric Surgery, Pregnancy, and Post-Partum Management after Bariatric Surgery.

In the original article, due to an XML tagging error the name of Véronique Taillard was omitted from the list of members of the French Study Group for Bariatric Surgery and Maternity (the BARIA-MAT Group). The correct list is as follows.