HSV-1/HSV-2 Infection-Related Cancers in Bantu Populations Driving HIV-1 Prevalence in Africa: Tracking the Origin of AIDS at the Onset of the 20th Century.

Introduction: At the onset of the 20th century, ancient clinical observations of cancer epidemics in Bantu populations of Sub-Saharan Africa were discovered. They were reported from 1914 to 1960, but remained unexplained. In 1983, in San Francisco, Calif.

The multidisciplinary management of gastro-oesophageal junction tumours: European Society of Digestive Oncology (ESDO): Expert discussion and report from the 16th ESMO World Congress on Gastrointestinal Cancer, Barcelona.

Background And Scope: The management of GOJ cancers remains controversial and may vary between countries. Evidence-based attitudes and guidelines are not easy to elaborate since most of the trials and studies reported mixed cases of oesophageal (both adenocarcinoma and squamous cell tumours), GOJ and gastric cancers. The aim of this expert discussion and position paper is to elaborate practical recommendations that integrate evidence-reported literature and experience-based attitude covering all clinical aspects of GOJ cancer across different specialities and countries in Europe.

Lactic acidosis: relationship between metformin levels, lactate concentration and mortality.

Aim: The role of metformin in lactic acidosis is regularly questioned. Arguments against a causal role for metformin in lactic acidosis occurrence are the lack of correlation between plasma metformin and lactate levels, as well as between metformin plasma levels and mortality. We aim to analyse these correlations in a large series of lactic acidosis cases recorded in the French nationwide pharmacovigilance database.

PKA regulatory subunit 1A inactivating mutation induces serotonin signaling in primary pigmented nodular adrenal disease.

Primary pigmented nodular adrenocortical disease (PPNAD) is a rare cause of ACTH-independent hypercortisolism. The disease is primarily caused by germline mutations of the protein kinase A (PKA) regulatory subunit 1A () gene, which induces constitutive activation of PKA in adrenocortical cells. Hypercortisolism is thought to result from PKA hyperactivity, but PPNAD tissues exhibit features of neuroendocrine differentiation, which may lead to stimulation of steroidogenesis by abnormally expressed neurotransmitters.

Unique Transcriptomic Profile of Collecting Duct Carcinomas Relative to Upper Tract Urothelial Carcinomas and other Kidney Carcinomas.

Collecting duct carcinoma (CDC) is a kidney cancer subtype that is thought to arise from principal cells in distal parts of the collecting ducts. Some studies suggested an overlap of CDC with upper tract urothelial carcinoma (UTUC), making the pathological diagnosis challenging. Herein, we performed for the first time transcriptome sequencing of CDC and compared them to UTUC and renal cell carcinoma subtypes.

Impact of a computer-assisted Screening, Brief Intervention and Referral to Treatment on reducing alcohol consumption among patients with hazardous drinking disorder in hospital emergency departments. The randomized BREVALCO trial.

Objective: To assess the impact of a computer-assisted Screening, Brief Intervention, and Referral to Treatment (SBIRT) on daily consumption of alcohol by patients with hazardous drinking disorder detected after systematic screening during their admission to an emergency department (ED).

Design: Two-arm, parallel group, multicentre, randomized controlled trial with a centralised computer-generated randomization procedure.

Setting: Four EDs in university hospitals located in the Paris area in France.

Strategic extraction protocol: Use of an image-fusion stereolithographic guide for immediate implant placement.

Increasingly, patients are demanding a smooth transition from a hopeless dentition to a fixed implant-supported prosthesis without the use of an interim removable denture. This raises new challenges in adapting computer-aided design and computer-aided manufacturing (CAD-CAM) techniques to patients whose treatment plan includes immediate implant placement in fresh extraction sockets. To facilitate this conversion to a rehabilitated dentition, a strategic extraction protocol (SEP) can be applied.

A self-assembling matrix-forming gel can be easily and safely applied to prevent delayed bleeding after endoscopic resections.

Background: Endoscopic resections have low morbidity and mortality. Delayed bleeding has been reported in approximately 1 - 15 % of cases, increasing with antiplatelet/anticoagulant therapy or portal hypertension. A self-assembling peptide (SAP) forming a gel could protect the mucosal defect during early healing.

Introduction: Male fertility preservation: innovations and questions.

It is now well established that many benign or malignant diseases may by themselves or as result of treatment, impair male fertility. Therefore, preserving the potential of becoming a genetic father represents a major issue. Besides sperm cryopreservation, which is the most reliable method for male fertility preservation, other strategies have more recently emerged, especially in prepubertal boys.

Introduction: Female fertility preservation: innovations and questions.

Oocyte and ovarian tissue cryopreservation represents one of the most important advances in the field of reproductive medicine and biology. Preserving a woman's potential for becoming a genetic mother is now possible for numerous diseases that could impair female fertility either by themselves or as a result of their treatments. However, female fertility preservation is still at the pioneering level and is thus often considered an experimental treatment either from a technical standpoint or in the clinical situation in which it is discussed.

Fine Needle Aspiration Biopsy in Uveal Melanoma: Technique, Complications, and Outcomes.

Purpose: To report the technical aspects, complications, and outcomes concerning fine needle aspiration biopsy (FNAB) in uveal melanoma.

Design: Retrospective cohort study.

Methods: Patients with uveal melanoma who underwent transscleral or transvitreal FNAB at an ocular oncology center were retrospectively evaluated.

Erratum to: Review of the nutritional benefits and risks related to intense sweeteners.

[This corrects the article DOI: 10.1186/s13690-015-0092-x.].

Review of the nutritional benefits and risks related to intense sweeteners.

Background: The intense sweeteners currently authorised in Europe comprise ten compounds of various chemical natures. Their overall use has sharply risen in the last 20 years. These compounds are mainly used to formulate reduced-calorie products while maintaining sweetness.

Managing synchronous liver metastases from colorectal cancer: a multidisciplinary international consensus.

An international panel of multidisciplinary experts convened to develop recommendations for managing patients with colorectal cancer (CRC) and synchronous liver metastases (CRCLM). A modified Delphi method was used. CRCLM is defined as liver metastases detected at or before diagnosis of the primary CRC.

A common polymorphism in the 5' UTR of ERCC5 creates an upstream ORF that confers resistance to platinum-based chemotherapy.

We show that a common polymorphic variant in the ERCC5 5' untranslated region (UTR) generates an upstream ORF (uORF) that affects both the background expression of this protein and its ability to be synthesized following exposure to agents that cause bulky adduct DNA damage. Individuals that harbor uORF1 have a marked resistance to platinum-based agents, illustrated by the significantly reduced progression-free survival of pediatric ependymoma patients treated with such compounds. Importantly, inhibition of DNA-PKcs restores sensitivity to platinum-based compounds by preventing uORF1-dependent ERCC5 expression.

Reexcision for positive margins in breast cancer: A predictive score of residual disease.

Background: Guidelines recommend re-excision if resection margins are positive in lumpectomy for breast cancer. However, residual disease (RD) is not always found. The aim of our study was to develop a score to predict RD in re-excision specimens.

Herpes Viral Origin of the Parsonage-Turner Syndrome: Highlighting of Serological Immune Anti-Herpes Deficiency Cured by Anti-Herpes Therapy.

In 2012, a 50 year-old athletic male presented with weakness, pain and unilateral phrenic paralysis, followed by bilateral phrenic paralysis with deep dyspnea. In 2013, the Parsonage-Turner syndrome was diagnosed. When the patient was seen in September 2014 for the first time, he was facing phrenic neuromuscular failure, which led to the hypothesis of neurotropic herpes viruses.

X-chromosome inactivation in female patients with Fabry disease.

Fabry disease (FD) is an X-linked genetic disorder caused by the deficient activity of lysosomal α-galactosidase (α-Gal). While males are usually severely affected, clinical presentation in female patients may be more variable ranging from asymptomatic to, occasionally, as severely affected as male patients. The aim of this study was to evaluate the existence of skewed X-chromosome inactivation (XCI) in females with FD, its concordance between tissues, and its contribution to the phenotype.

Eye movement instructions modulate motion illusion and body sway with Op Art.

Op Art generates illusory visual motion. It has been proposed that eye movements participate in such illusion. This study examined the effect of eye movement instructions (fixation vs.

Metabolic and adipose tissue signatures in adults with Prader-Willi syndrome: a model of extreme adiposity.

Context: Prader-Willi syndrome (PWS), the most frequent syndrome of obesity, is a model of early fat mass (FM) development, but scarce data exist on adipose tissue characteristics.

Objective: The objective of the study was to compare metabolic, fat distribution, and transcriptomic signatures of sc adipose tissue (scAT) in PWS adults, with matched obese adults with primary obesities.

Main Outcomes And Measures: Hormonal and metabolic assessments, systemic inflammation, and gene expression in scAT were compared between PWS patients and obese controls (OCs).

A view of bivalent epigenetic marks in two human embryonic stem cell lines reveals a different cardiogenic potential.

Human embryonic stem (HUES) cells are derived from early individual embryos with unique genetic printing. However, how their epigenetic status might affect their potential to differentiate toward specific lineages remains a puzzling question. Using chromatin immunoprecipitation (ChIP)-polymerase chain reaction and ChIP-on-chip, the status of bivalent domains on gene promoters (ie, histone 3 on lysine 4 and histone 3 on lysine 27 trimethylation) was monitored for both undifferentiated and bone morphogenetic protein 2 (BMP2)-induced cardiac-committed cells.

Mini-lateral windows for minimally invasive maxillary sinus augmentation: case series of a new technique.

Objectives: The purpose of this article was to introduce a new technique for minimally invasive lateral window sinus augmentation, developed to maximize the amount of residual lateral wall after the procedure.

Materials And Methods: Fourteen consecutive patients requiring maxillary sinus augmentation by a lateral approach and delayed implant placement were treated using standardized mini-lateral windows. Before the procedure, the remaining height of alveolar bone was determined; 6 months after the procedure, the augmented height and augmented width were measured.

Acute isolated volar dislocation of the distal radio-ulnar joint: case report and literature review.

The acute isolated distal radio-ulnar (DRU) dislocation is a rare traumatic pathology and no consensus concerning its management has been established. This case report describes an acute isolated volar DRU dislocation in a 26-year-old patient. The authors propose, based on this case and after an exhaustive review of the literature, a non-operative management for these isolated and non-complicated dislocations.

Multidisciplinary team meeting in digestive oncology: when opinions differ.

In daily oncology, Multidisciplinary Team (MDT) meetings are used worldwide to take every main decision. In order to improve the MDT efficiency, an analysis of decision-making process relying on patients refusing to undergo MDT proposal during presentations, in accordance with their referent specialist, was retrospectively performed in an academic and tertiary center, from 1995 to 2010. Out of 1000 patients, 0.