Effect of Human Recombinant Alkaline Phosphatase on 7-Day Creatinine Clearance in Patients With Sepsis-Associated Acute Kidney Injury: A Randomized Clinical Trial.

Importance: Sepsis-associated acute kidney injury (AKI) adversely affects long-term kidney outcomes and survival. Administration of the detoxifying enzyme alkaline phosphatase may improve kidney function and survival.

Objective: To determine the optimal therapeutic dose, effect on kidney function, and adverse effects of a human recombinant alkaline phosphatase in patients who are critically ill with sepsis-associated AKI.

Health Care Simulation in Developing Countries and Low-Resource Situations.

Introduction: Health care simulation, as a complement to traditional learning, has spread widely and seems to benefit both students and patients. The teaching methods involved in health care simulation require substantial human, logistical, and financial investments that might preclude their spread in developing countries. The aim of this study was to analyze the health care simulation experiences in developing countries.

Guidelines for reporting secondary findings of genome sequencing in cancer genes: the SFMPP recommendations.

In oncology, the expanding use of multi-gene panels to explore familial cancer predisposition and tumor genome analysis has led to increased secondary findings discoveries (SFs) and has given rise to important medical, ethical, and legal issues. The American College of Medical Genetics and Genomics published a policy statement for managing SFs for a list of genes, including 25 cancer-related genes. Currently, there are few recommendations in Europe.

Impact of fluid challenge increase in cardiac output on the relationship between systemic and cerebral hemodynamics in severe sepsis compared to brain injury and controls.

Background: Cognitive dysfunction and delirium after ICU are frequent and may partially result from brain ischemia episodes. We hypothesized that systemic inflammation (severe sepsis or septic shock) modifies the control of brain circulation and the relation between systemic and cerebral hemodynamic after a positive response to fluid challenge (FC).

Methods: Three groups of patients were studied if they increased stroke volume (SV) > 10% after 250 or 500 ml of crystalloids: control group: patients free of comorbidity anesthetized for orthopedic surgery; sepsis group: patients with severe sepsis or septic shock (classic definition); brain injury (BI) group: trauma brain jury or hemorrhagic stroke with no detectable systemic inflammation.

Cytoreductive surgery and hyperthermic intraperitoneal perfusion with chemotherapy in children with peritoneal tumor spread: A French nationwide study over 14 years.

Background: Efficacy and role of cytoreductive surgery (CRS) and hyperthermic peritoneal perfusion with chemotherapy (HIPEC) remain poorly documented in pediatric tumors.

Methods: This retrospective national study analyzed all pediatric patients with peritoneal tumor spread treated by CRS and HIPEC as part of a multimodal therapy in France from 2001 to 2015.

Results: Twenty-two patients (nine males and 13 females) were selected.

Juvenile-Onset Diabetes and Congenital Cataract: "Double-Gene" Mutations Mimicking a Syndromic Diabetes Presentation.

Monogenic forms of diabetes may account for 1-5% of all cases of diabetes, and may occur in the context of syndromic presentations. We investigated the case of a girl affected by insulin-dependent diabetes, diagnosed at 6 years old, associated with congenital cataract. Her consanguineous parents and her four other siblings did not have diabetes or cataract, suggesting a recessive syndrome.

A study in the general population about sadness to disentangle the continuum from well-being to depressive disorders.

Objective: Sadness is both a common experience in general population and one of the main criteria of major depressive disorder (MDD). We tested the hypothesis of a depressive continuum using sadness as an intermediate experience between well-being and disorder.

Methods: A French cross-sectional Mental Health survey in General Population interviewed 38,694 individuals.

Endoscopic training: A nationwide survey of French fellows in gastroenterology.

Background: During their 4 years of training, French fellows in gastroenterology should acquire theoretical and practical competency in gastrointestinal (GI) endoscopy.

Aims: To evaluate the delivery of endoscopy training to French GI fellows and perception of learning.

Methods: A nationwide electronic survey was carried out of French GI fellows using an anonymous, 17-item electronic questionnaire.

Molecular genetics of the transcription factor GLIS3 identifies its dual function in beta cells and neurons.

The GLIS family zinc finger 3 isoform (GLIS3) is a risk gene for Type 1 and Type 2 diabetes, glaucoma and Alzheimer's disease endophenotype. We identified GLIS3 binding sites in insulin secreting cells (INS1) (FDR q<0.05; enrichment range 1.

Is parity status associated with bipolar disorder clinical features, severity or evolution?

Objective: To assess prospectively the association of the number of past pregnancies on the evolution of bipolar disorder (BD).

Methods: Data were drawn from the 2 waves of the National Epidemiologic Study of Alcohol and Related Conditions (NESARC), a representative sample of the US population of 34,653 participants. All women diagnosed with BD were included.

Oxidative and energetic stresses mediate beta-cell dysfunction induced by PGC-1α.

Aim: Alteration of functional beta-cell mass in adults can be programmed by adverse events during fetal life. Previously, it was demonstrated that high glucocorticoid (GC) levels during fetal life participate in this programming by inhibition of beta-cell development. More specifically, GC levels stimulate expression of peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor-gamma coactivator 1-alpha (PGC-1α), a transcriptional co-regulator of the GC receptor (GR), which per se impairs beta-cell mass and function when overexpressed.

Heavy cannabis use prior psychosis in schizophrenia: clinical, cognitive and neurological evidences for a new endophenotype?

Cannabis use is associated with an increased risk of schizophrenia, and is considered to impact late neurodevelopment. Neurological soft signs (NSS) associated with schizophrenia are considered as markers of early neurodevelopmental impairment. Our study examines the association between heavy cannabis use before the onset of psychosis and clinical, neuropsychological and neurological symptoms, including NSS.

Autoimmune cytopenias associated with inflammatory bowel diseases: Insights from a multicenter retrospective cohort.

Introduction: Autoimmune cytopenias (AIC) including autoimmune hemolytic anemia (AIHA) and immunologic thrombocytopenia (ITP) are rare immunologic disorders, scarcely reported in inflammatory bowel diseases (IBD). We conducted a multicentric retrospective study, including a case-control analysis, that aimed to describe the characteristics and outcomes of patients affected by AIC and IBD.

Method: Forty cases were recruited from 4 IBD centers and 2 AIC tertiary centers.

Postoperative Complications after Ileocecal Resection in Crohn's Disease: A Prospective Study From the REMIND Group.

Objectives: We sought to determine the frequency of and risk factors for early (30-day) postoperative complications after ileocecal resection in a well-characterized, prospective cohort of Crohn's disease patients.

Methods: The REMIND group performed a nationwide study in 9 French university medical centers. Clinical-, biological-, surgical-, and treatment-related data on the 3 months before surgery were collected prospectively.

Emergency management of severe hyperkalemia: Guideline for best practice and opportunities for the future.

Hyperkalemia is a common electrolyte disorder, especially in chronic kidney disease, diabetes mellitus, or heart failure. Hyperkalemia can lead to potentially fatal cardiac dysrhythmias, and it is associated with increased mortality. Determining whether emergency therapy is warranted is largely based on subjective clinical judgment.

Effectiveness and Safety of Vedolizumab Induction Therapy for Patients With Inflammatory Bowel Disease.

Background & Aims: Phase 3 trials have shown the efficacy of vedolizumab, which binds to integrin α4β7, in patients with Crohn's disease (CD) or ulcerative colitis (UC). We investigated the effectiveness and safety of vedolizumab in patients who failed anti-tumor necrosis factor therapy.

Methods: From June through December 2014, there were 173 patients with CD and 121 patients with UC who were included in a multicenter nominative compassionate early access program granted by French regulatory agencies.

Impact of statistical models on the prediction of type 2 diabetes using non-targeted metabolomics profiling.

Objective: Characterizing specific metabolites in sub-clinical phases preceding the onset of type 2 diabetes to enable efficient preventive and personalized interventions.

Research Design And Methods: We developed predictive models of type 2 diabetes using two strategies. One strategy focused on the probability of incidence only and was based on logistic regression (MRS1); the other strategy accounted for the age at diagnosis of diabetes and was based on Cox regression (MRS2).

Hanging Maneuver for Stomach Traction in Laparoscopic Distal Pancreatic Resections: An Original Technique Applied in 218 Patients.

Background: Stomach traction done to expose the pancreas is still a problem in laparoscopic left pancreatic resections. We developed a simple hanging maneuver to retract the stomach rapidly and effectively.

Methods: After dividing the gastrocolic ligament, the stomach was encircled with a tape, turned along its horizontal axis and pulled with an epigastric trocar, which was later removed.

Temporal T807 binding correlates with CSF tau and phospho-tau in normal elderly.

Objective: To better understand cross-sectional relationships between CSF and PET measures of tau pathology, we compared regional and global measures of (18)F-T807 (AV-1451) PET to CSF protein levels of total tau (t-tau), phosphorylated tau (p-tau), and β-amyloid 1-42 (Aβ42).

Methods: T-tau, p-tau, and Aβ42 levels were assessed using INNOTEST xMAP immunoassays. Linear regression was used to compare regional and global measures of (18)F-T807 standardized uptake value ratios (SUVR) to CSF protein levels using data from 31 cognitively unimpaired elderly participants in the Harvard Aging Brain study.

Time Orientation and 10 Years Risk of Dementia in Elderly Adults: The Three-City Study.

Time disorientation is commonly observed in dementia, however very little is known about the pathological significance of minor time errors in community-dwelling population. Our objective was to investigate the relationship between time orientation and risk of dementia in a population of older adults. Analyses relies on 8611 dementia-free subjects from the Three-City Study, France.

Parental Divorce or Death During Childhood and Adolescence and Its Association With Mental Health.

Despite the severity of the loss of a parent and the frequency of parental divorce, few studies compared their impact on mental health in the general adult population. The aim of this study was to estimate the prevalence, sociodemographic correlates, and psychiatric comorbidity of parental loss and parental divorce during childhood and adolescence. Data were drawn from the National Epidemiologic Survey on Alcohol and Related Conditions, a nationally representative sample of US adults (n = 43,093).